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Load Frequency Control of 1-Area and 2-Area Systems

The document describes load frequency control of 1-area and 2-area power systems. It provides steps to calculate parameters for a 1-area system in p.u. and modify the simulation model. It then describes selecting regulation and integral gain constants to achieve the best transient response for a generation outage of 100MW. Similar steps are provided to simulate and analyze a 2-area system for generation outages in each area.

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Hossam Eldin Talaat
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30 views14 pages

Load Frequency Control of 1-Area and 2-Area Systems

The document describes load frequency control of 1-area and 2-area power systems. It provides steps to calculate parameters for a 1-area system in p.u. and modify the simulation model. It then describes selecting regulation and integral gain constants to achieve the best transient response for a generation outage of 100MW. Similar steps are provided to simulate and analyze a 2-area system for generation outages in each area.

Uploaded by

Hossam Eldin Talaat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Load Frequency Control of 1-Area and 2-Area Systems

Prof. Hossam Eldin Talaat

Name: Abdelrahman Mohamed Mohamed


ID: 20160324
Givens: -

Area 1

𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 10 𝐺𝑉𝐴

a) Calculate the p.u. parameters of your system based on the common base.

10
𝐻1𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 3 × = 6𝑠
5
5
𝐷1𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 0.8 × = 0.4 𝑝. 𝑢
10
100 × 103
𝑑𝑃𝑑1 = = 0.01 𝑝. 𝑢
10 × 106
b) Modify the data file (Data_1A.m) accordingly.
c) Select a suitable value of the Regulation Constant to achieve best steady-state and transient responses
subject to a generation outage of 100 MW.

Using Routh method.

1 + 𝐺𝐻(𝑠) = 0
1
0=1+ ×𝐾
(0.1𝑠 + 1)(2𝑠 + 1)(3𝑠 + 0.4)
(0.1𝑠 + 1)(2𝑠 + 1)(3𝑠 + 0.4) + 𝐾 = 0

0.6𝑠 3 + 6.38𝑠 2 + 3.84𝑠 + (0.4 + 𝐾) = 0

𝑠3 0.6 3.84 0
𝑠2 6.38 0.4 + K 0
𝑠1 A 0
𝑠0 0.4 + K 0

(6.38)(3.84) − (0.6)(0.4 + 𝐾)
𝐴=
6.38
𝐾 < 40.432
𝑅 > 0.024
The acceptable R range begin with 𝑅 > 0.024

R Δf (Hz) transient settling undershot overshot


R = 0.025 Δf = - 0.0125 High transient S.S after 30s - 0.037 0.0037
R = 0.04 Δf = - 0.02 Medium transient S.S after 25s - 0.047 - 0.0055
R = 0.08 Δf = - 0.039 Low transient S.S after 20s - 0.068 - 0.0289
R = 0.1 Δf = - 0.049 Low transient S.S after 20s - 0.077 - 0.0399
R = 0.12 Δf = - 0.058 Low transient S.S after 20s - 0.085 - 0.0505
Select R = 0.08 because it has best steady state (settling time) and low transient response and low Δf.

𝛥𝑓 ≈ 0.039 𝐻𝑧
d) Modify the Simulink model to obtain Automatic generation control.
e) Select a suitable value of the Integral Gain Constant to achieve the best transient response subject to
a generation outage of 100 MW.

Select Ki = 1.9

f) Check the obtained steady state frequency manually as studied in the course.
−𝛥𝑃𝐿 −0.01
𝛥𝑓 = = = −7.75 × 10−4 𝑝. 𝑢 × 50 = −0.039 𝐻𝑧
1 1
+𝐷 + 0.4
𝑅 0.08
Δf calculated = Δf on the graph of the MATLAP
a) Run the model for 2 uncontrolled areas for two outage cases:

• Area 1 is subjected to a generation outage of 100 MW.

• Area 2 is subjected to a generation outage of 100 MW.

Print the frequency deviations and the tie-line power deviation for the 2 cases.

Givens: -

Area 2
10
𝐻2𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 3 × = 7.5𝑠
4
4
𝐷2𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 0.8 × = 0.32 𝑝. 𝑢
10
4
𝑅2𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 0.05 × = 0.125 𝑝. 𝑢
10
1 1
𝛽1 = + 𝐷1𝑛𝑒𝑤 = + 0.4 = 22.622
𝑅1 0.08
1 1
𝛽2 = + 𝐷2𝑛𝑒𝑤 = + 0.32 = 8.32
𝑅2𝑛𝑒𝑤 0.125
𝐵1 = 𝛽1 = 22.622
𝛥𝑃12 = −39 𝑀𝑊 that means Area 2 feeds Area 1 with 39 MW 𝛥𝑓𝑠.𝑠 = 0.023 𝐻𝑧
𝛥𝑃12 = 61 𝑀𝑊 that means Area 1 feeds Area 2 with 61 MW 𝛥𝑓𝑠.𝑠 = 0.023 𝐻𝑧
b) Modify the Simulink model according to your control case study by adding the TLB control block (ACE
= Ptie + B F and Integrator).

c) Repeat a) for different values of controller gain to obtain the best performance.

select KI1= 0.7

𝐵1 = 𝛽1 = 22.622
𝛥𝑓𝑠.𝑠 = 0 𝐻𝑧 as the outage happened in Area 1 which is Bias controlled. Therefore 𝛥𝑃12 = 0
𝛥𝑓𝑠.𝑠 = −0.016 𝐻𝑧 as the outage happened in Area which 2 is uncontrolled Therefore Area 1 feeds Area
2 by 𝛥𝑃12 ≈ 7300 𝑀𝑊
d) Check the obtained steady state frequency and tie-line power deviations with manual calculation as
studied in the course.

1- 𝛥𝑃𝐿1 + 𝛥𝑃12 + 𝛽1 𝛥𝐹 = 0

2- 𝛥𝑃𝐿2 − 𝛥𝑃12 + 𝛽2 𝛥𝐹 = 0
𝛥𝑃𝐿2 + 𝛥𝑃𝐿2 0.01
𝛥𝐹 = − =− = −3.23 × 10−4 𝑝. 𝑢 × 50 = −0.016 𝐻𝑧
𝐵1 + 𝛽2 22.622 + 8.32
𝛥𝑃12 = 𝛥𝑃𝐿2 + 𝛽2 𝛥𝐹 = 0.01 + (8.32)(−3.23 × 10−4 ) = 7.3126 × 10−3 𝑝. 𝑢 × 106 = 7312.64 𝑀𝑊
Δf calculated = Δf on the graph of the MATLAP

𝛥𝑃12 calculated = 𝛥𝑃12 on the graph of the MATLAP

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