HISTORY, COMPONENTS AND CLASSIFICATION

COMPUTER - It is electronic device that takes data and Instruction as Input, Process the data
and produce useful information as output.

the electronic devices is known as HARDWARE and the set of instruction is known as
SOFTWARE.

AI - Artificial intelligence
Hardware - the physical component of computer and devices used to process and interact with
data including CPU, memory, storage
Software - a set of instruction, data or programs
Peopleware - refers to anything that has to do with the role of people
Cloud computing - is an online storage
Fundation of information - refers to the use, development management, and application of
varian
Charles Babbage - known as the “father of modern computers”
1977 - Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak introduced Commodore & Radio Shack
ICT - information communication technology

Concept of central processing unit (CPU), Memory, Programming language and input and
output units came into picture.

Keyboard - is the basic input device for computer that is used for entering data and instructions
Mouse - is an input device equipped with one or more buttons, housed in a palm-sized case
and designed to roll on the mouse pad.
Trackball - it is an alternative peripheral to the mouse.
Joystick - is a hand-held device with several buttons and an upright movable stick you can use
to control the movement of object in the figure game program.
Light pen - is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction
with a computer's CRT TV set or monitor.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER SECONDARY STORAGE

● Microcomputer - it has microprocessor ● CU - control unit

as it CPU. ● MU - main memory/primary storage
- Inputting ● ALU - arithmetic logical unit
- Storing
- Processing CD - compact disc
- Outputting DVD
- Controlling Hard disk
Floppy disk
● Minicomputer - a medium sized Magnetic tape
computer. Designed to be serve Punched tape
multiple users simultaneously. Used Zio drive
 as servers in LAN. it has large storage
capacity and operates at higher
speed.

● Mainframe computer - generally used

in centralized databases.

● Super computer - fastest and most

expensive machines. It is built by
interconnecting hundreds of
microprocessors.

DEVELOPMENT COMPUER MS OFFICE

● Manual computer - It is a tool or ● Word

device with simple mechanism ● Power point
powered by the hand. Devices of this ● Excel
type required some sort of physical ● Acces
effort from the user when used. ● Outlook
● Publisher
● Mechanical computer

● Electromechanical computer - An
electromechanical device is usually
powered by an electric motor and
uses switches and relays.

● Electronic devices - Are devices which

use electrical switches and circuitry.

TYPES OF SOFTWARE COMPUTER GENERATION

● Operating software - controls the way Vacuum Tube

the computer works and tell it what to ● first generation were : ENIAC, EDVAC
do. and UNIVAC
● Application software - to carry out the - ENIAC is the first electronic
specific task computer.
Transistors
● second generation were :IBM 1620,
CDC 1604, PDP8.
Integrated circuit
● Third generation computer includes
IBM 370, PDP11 and CDC 7600.
MICROPROCESSOR It is a tiny chip of
silicon that contains hundreds ofthousands of
transistors.

Ultra Large Scale Integration Technology.

TYPES OF MEMORY DATA

● RAM - Random account memory ● Alphanumeric data
● ROM - read only memory ● Image data
● Audio data
● Video data

PART OR COMPUTER MANUAL MECHANICAL

● CPU 1. Abacus - first manual

● Motherboard mechanical data processing device
● Keyboard 2. Napiers bones - used to perform
● Hardware multiplication
● Mouse 3. Oughtred sliderule
● RAM - Multiplication
● Hard disk drive - Division
● Monitor 4. Pascaline
- Addition
- Subtraction
5. Leibrite calculator
- Addition
- Subtraction
6. Analytical engine - a machine
capable of handling repetitiveness
calculation or loops. A general
purpose computer which could
process data on its on. A machine that
is programmable.

Two parts of analytical engine

- Store
- Mill

CLASSES OF COMPUTER 4 FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF COMPUTER

SYSTEM
● Analog computer - operates on
continuous physical or electrical ● Input - It refers to entering of data or
magnitudes, measuring ongoing feeding of data.
continuous analog qualities such as
voltage, current, temperature and Input devices
pressure. - Keyboard
- Mouse
● Digital computer - operates on - Scanner
discrete discontinuous numerical - Trackball
digits using the binary number system. - Joystick
- Light pen
● Hybrid computer - as its name implies, - Webcam
contains features of both the analog
and digital computer. ● Output - It gives out to the user the
result of the processed data.
 Output devices
- Monitor
- Printer
- speaker

● Process CPU - a process is a series

of steps and decisions involved in the
way work is completed.
●

ANATOMY OF COMPUTER 2 GENERAL KINDS OF MONITOR

Memory management ● Monochrome - come in three varieties:

- Primary memory black and white, black and green and
- Secondary memory black and amber

Processing units ● Colored monitor - is powered by one

- Control unit of several types of display adapters.
- Arithmetic logical unit
- Motherboard TYPES OF MONITORS

● CRT - cathode ray tube

● LCD - liquid crystal display
● Plasma computer
● Touchscreen computer
● OLED - organic light emitting display

THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

Internet - is a global network of interconnected computer networks and devices that

communicate with each other using a common set of protocols and technologies.
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
World Wide Web (WWW), often referred to simply as the web, is a system of interconnected
documents and resources that are linked together through hyperlinks and are accessible via the
Internet.
Tim berners lee - he invented the WWW

WEB 1.0 - It is an old interne that allows people to read from

the internet.
Focused on companies
Owning content - First stage World wide web page and hyperlink
You find news
Sites are static - Web issues as “ Information Portal”
 Sites aren’t interactive
- It uses table to position and align elements on page

WEB 2.0 - is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic web

pages.
Focuses on communities
Sharing content - allows users to interact with the page, the user may
News find you be able to comment or create a user account.
The wildly writes read web
- It is a platform that give users the possibility to
control their data.

- Every one can be content producer

WEB 3.0 - is known as the intelligent web.

More in language - It apply same principles as WEB 2.0 to way

Logic interaction.
Three dimensional design
Based on human brain - Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and
Cognitive technology intelligent with semantic web technologies,
Artificial intelligence distributed and base, natural language processing,
machine reasoning and autonomous agents.

HOW ICT AFFECT OUR DAILY LIFE?

Some ways in which computer are deeply embedded in our daily routines:
1. Communication
2. Information acces
3. Work and productivity
4. Education
5. Entertainment
6. Shopping
7. Banking and finance
8. Healthcare
9. Transportation
10. Smart homes
11. Social interaction
12. Research and innovation
13. Travel and navigation
14. Creativity
15. Environmental monitoring

Uses of computer in our daily life

1. Connect
 2. Co-create
3. Disclose
4. Discover

Positive impact of ICT in our daily lives

1. Enhanced communication
2. Access to information
3. Convenience
4. Remote work and flexibility
5. Education access
6. Healthcare advancements
7. Entertainment
8. Efficient transportation
9. Smart homes
10. Social connections
11. Innovation
12. Environmiental monitoring
13. Accessibility
14. Efficient research
15. Emergency response
16. Global collaboration

Negative impact of ICT in our daily lives

1. Digital addiction
2. Privacy concerns
3. Cybersecurity threats
4. Reduced physical activity
5. Reduced personal interaction
6. Fake news
7. Cyberbullying
8. Scammer

Uses of computer
1. Science
2. Government
3. Health and medical
4. Education
5. Industry
6. Banking
7. Entertainment
8. Training
9. Arts
10. Sports
11. Robotics
 12. Safety and security
13. Publishing
14. Weather forecasting
15. Communication

7 internet of things in everylife

1. Smart home security
2. Smart home heating and cooling
3. Smart home kitchen
4. Smart dining
5. Smart toll collection
6. Wearables
7. Healthcare