Communication Systems
Communication Systems
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Communication Systems
Communication System
Types of Communication Systems
(1) Analogue
(2) Digital
In digital technology, the data are generated and processed in two states: High
(represented as 1) and low (represented as 0). Digital technology stores and
transmits data in the form of 1s and 0s.
1. Internet
4. Television
Elements of Communication Systems
The definitions of the terms used in the communication system are discussed below.
Information
Signal
Transducer
Amplifier
The electronic circuit or device that increases the amplitude or the strength of
the transmitted signal is called an amplifier. When the signal strength becomes
less than the required value, amplification can be done anywhere between the
transmitter and receiver. A DC power source will be provided for the amplification.
Modulator
As the original message signal cannot be transmitted over a large distance because
of their low frequency and amplitude, they are superimposed with high frequency and
amplitude waves called carrier waves. This phenomenon of superimposing of message
signals with a carrier wave is called modulation, and the resultant wave is a
modulated wave which is to be transmitted.
There are different types of modulation, and they are explained below:
The phase of the carrier wave changes the phase of the signal wave. The phase shift
after modulation is dependent on the frequency of the carrier wave as well. Phase
modulated waves are immune to noise to a greater extent.
Transmitter
It is the arrangement that processes the message signal into a suitable form for
transmission and, subsequently, reception.
Antenna
Channel
A channel refers to a physical medium such as wire, cables, or space through which
the signal is passed from the transmitter to the receiver. There are many channel
impairments that affect channel performance to a pronounced level. Noise,
attenuation and distortion, to mention the major impairments.
Noise
Internal sources include noise due to random motion and collision of electrons in
the conductors and thermal noise due to diffusion and recombination of charge
carriers in other electronic devices. Internal noise can be minimised by cooling
and using digital technology for transmission.
What is an antenna?
Radio wave antennas and microwave antennas are used extensively throughout most
industries and in our day-to-day lives. Infrared and visible light antennas are
less common. They're still deployed in a variety of settings, although their use
tends to be more specialized.
How are antennas categorized?
For example, a radio station might broadcast music as an FM signal, which is a type
of radio wave in the EM spectrum. The station's transmitter sends the music to the
antenna in the form of electric current at the desired frequency. The antenna
converts the electric current to radio waves that are transmitted out in all
directions.
A receiving antenna intercepts EM waves transmitted through the air. From these
waves, the antenna generates a small amount of current, which varies depending on
the strength of the signal. The current is passed to the receiving device, where it
is transformed for its specific environment. For example, a car's antenna might
pick up the FM signal from the radio station. The antenna converts the signal's
radio waves to current, which is fed to the car's radio. The radio amplifies the
current and in other ways transforms it and delivers it as music to the speakers.
Abdulrehman
Attenuation
Attenuation is a problem caused by the medium. When the signal is propagating for a
longer distance through a medium, depending on the length of the medium, the
initial power decreases. The loss in initial power is directly proportional to the
length of the medium. Using amplifiers, the signal power is strengthened or
amplified so as to reduce attenuation. Also, digital signals are comparatively less
prone to attenuation than analogue signals.
Attenuation
Distortion
It is also another type of channel problem. When the signal is distorted, the
distorted signal may have a frequency and bandwidth different from the transmitted
signal. The variation in the signal frequency can be linear or non-linear.
Receiver
An arrangement that extracts the message or information from the transmitted signal
at the output end of the channel and reproduces it in a suitable form as the
original message signal is a receiver.
Demodulator
Repeaters
Repeaters
The block diagram given below represents the flow of the signal from the source to
the destination. The role of every device and arrangement discussed above will help
to understand better.
Objective Questions
a) Transmitter b) Transducer
a) Transmitter b) Receiver
c) Repeater d) Transducer
a) Distortion b) Interference
c) Attenuation d) Noise
a) Noise b) Attenuation
c) Interference d) None of these
a) Receiver b) Amplifier
Answers
1. d
2. d
3. c
4. a
5. b
Frequently Asked Questions on Communication Systems
Q1
What are the elements of a communication system?
Information Source
Input Transducer
Transmitter
Channel
Receiver
Output Transducer
Q2
What are the types of modulation?
Amplitude Modulation
Frequency Modulation
Phase Modulation
Q3
What are the types of communication systems?
Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click
‘Start Quiz’ to begin!
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