MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 1 Week 1

Competencies :
● The learner generates patterns given succession of numbers and illustrates an arithmetic
sequence. M10AL-Ia-1
● The learner illustrates an arithmetic sequence. M10AL-Ib-1

Learning Expectations
After going through this module you are expected to demonstrate knowledge and skills related to
sequences. Specifically, you should be able to:
a. generate and describe patterns;
b. identify the next few terms of a sequence;
c. differentiate finite from infinite sequence;
d. list the next few terms of a sequence given the general term;
e. find the general or nth term of a sequence; and
f. illustrate an arithmetic sequence.

Pre - test

Let us find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Read each
question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which set of numbers is an example of an arithmetic sequence?

a. 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 c. −6, 18,− 54, 162
1 1 1 1 1
b. 3 , 9 , 15 , 21 , 27 d. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5
2. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2
a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 c. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17
5 5 1 5 3 4 5 6
b. 5, 4 , 7 , 2, , 13 d. 2, 4 , 9 , 16, , 25
3. What is the next three terms in the arithmetic sequence 8, 3, −2, −7,…?
a. −13, −20, 10 c. 4, 7, 10
b. 12, 17, 22 d. −12, −17, −22
4. What is the general rule of the sequence 7, 11, 15, 19, 23?
a. 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛 + 3 c. 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 +7
15
b. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 2𝑛 +6 d. 𝑎𝑛 =
6𝑛−1
5. A car manufacturing unit produced 650 cars in January, 775 cars in February, 900 cars in
March. If the company continues to produce cars at this rate, find the number of cars that were
produced in the month of June.
a. 1025 b. 1150 c. 1275 d. 1400

Looking Back to your Lesson

Pattern
It is a sequence or a series that repeats. Math patterns are sequences that repeats based on a rule,
and a rule is a way to solve or calculate a problem.

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 Page 1 | 9

Each item below shows a pattern. Identify the last term in each pattern.
1.

a a a
2. t t t
t t t
e e e
3. r r r
n n n c
- - -
4. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, _______
i i i
Answers:
s s s
1. a
a , because the pattern starts with a a
triangle followed by a circle, and so on.
a s
The slast shape in the given pattern is a circle
s and must be followed with a triangle.
t e
e e
2. The first pattern is composed of two squares, followed by four squares, six
q t q q
squares and eight squares. Last pattern will be composed of ten squares.
u e u u
3. e r e The first pattern
e is composed of a rectangle and a circle, next is a
rectangle with two circles, and so on. Last must be a rectangle with
n n n n
five circles
c - c c
4. 30,eeachinumber has ea difference of 5, the
e last number is 25 added by 5 is 30.
NOTE o and the sets ofonumbers above are called sequences.
o : The set of shapes
s
r a r r
a a
Introduction of the aTopic
s
s s s
e
e Lesson 1 : Sequences
e e
q
Number r
r Sequence / Progression : it is a setr of numbers written in a specific order.
u
i
Examples: i i
e
e e e 1 1 1 1
a. 2, 5, 8,11,14,
n … c. , , , ,…
s s s 2 4 8 16
b. 12, 8, 4,
c 0, −4,… d. 0.2, 1.4, 2.6, 3.8,…
t t t
h e sequence is
Note that each
h a set of numbers,h and order is important. In a sequence, a rule is used
in order to obtain the list of numbers.
a o a a
Let’s find r the rules int each of the following
t out t :
r a r r
s e
a. e
2, 5, 8, 11, 14,… Notice thate3 is added to 2 to get 5; the same value is
p 2 +e3 = 5 p added to 5 p
to get 8, and 3 is also added to 8
e 5 + 3 = 8 e to get 11. e
r
8 + 3 = 11
a i a a
11 + 3 = 14 t Therefore, the rule is add 3 to the
t e t
preceding term
s s s
s
. . .
b. 12, 8,t4, 0, −4,… Notice that 4 is subtracted from 12 to get 8, then
12 –h4 = 8 4 is subtracted also from 8 to get 4, and 4 again
8 − 4= 4 is subtracted from 4 to get 0
a 4 − 4= 0
t 4 = −4
0 − Therefore, the rule is subtract 4 from
r 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚.
e
MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 Page 2 | 9

p
 1 1 1 1 1
c. , , , , …
2 4 8 16 32
1 1 1 1 1 1
× = × =
2 2 4 8 2 16
1 1 1 1 1 1
× = × =
4 2 8 16 2 32
1
The rule is multiply by 2
to the preceding term
d. 0.2, 1.4, 2.6, 3.8, 5,…
0.2 + 1.2 = 1.4 2.6 + 1.2 = 3.8
1.4 + 1.2= 2.6 3.8+ 1.2= 5
The rule is add 1.2 to the preceding term.

Examples of other sequences are shown below. These sequences are separated into two groups.
Finite Sequence
● A sequence that contains a finite number of terms.
Infinite Sequence
● A sequence that contains an infinite number of terms.

Examples:
Finite Sequence Infinite Sequence
2, 4, 6, 8, 10,...16 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,…
3, −9, 27, −81, 243 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, …
0.2, 1.4, 2.6, 3.8, 5 20, 14, 8, 2, …
−5, 0, −5, 0,−5,…−5 3, 0, −3, -6,−9,…
1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1
, , , 1, , , , ,…
2 5 10 17 2 4 8 16

Activity

Activity 1
Fill the numbers that are missing in each sequence. Identify the rule that was used in the sequence.
1. 16, 20, 24,_____, 32, 36, _____, ______
The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

2. 9, 5, 1,_____, −7, −11, _____, ______

The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

3. 20, 30, 40,_____, 60, 70, _____, ______

The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

4. 15, −45, 135,_____, 1215, −3645, _____, ______

The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

1 1 1 1
5. , , , ____, , _____, _____,
3 9 27 243
The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

Lesson 2 : Finding the terms of a Sequence

TERM - It is any number in a sequence.
In the sequence 2, 5, 8, 11,14,…the first term (𝑎1 ) is 2, followed by the second term (𝑎2 ) which is 5,
the third term (𝑎3 ) is 8, the fourth term (𝑎4 ) is 11, and the fifth term (𝑎5 ) is 14.
2, 5, 8, 11, 14,…
(𝑎1 ) (𝑎2 ) (𝑎3 ) (𝑎4 ) (𝑎5 )

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 Page 3 | 9

Examples:
1. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is given by
𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2.
Solution:
● To find the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth terms of this sequence, simply substitute
1, 2,3,4,5 for 𝑛 in the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2
1st term 𝑎1 = 3(1) + 2 = 5
2nd term 𝑎2 = 3(2) + 2 = 8
3rd term 𝑎3 = 3(3) + 2 = 11
4th term 𝑎4 = 3(4) + 2 = 14
5 term
th 𝑎5 = 3(5) + 2 = 17
Therefore, the first five terms are 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17.
2
2. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is given by 𝑎𝑛 =
4𝑛−1
● To find the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth terms of this sequence, simply substitute
2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for 𝑛 in the formula 𝑎𝑛 = .
4𝑛−1
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛−1
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎1 = 4(1)−1 𝑎2 = 4(2)−1 𝑎3 = 4(3)−1 𝑎4 = 4(4)−1 𝑎5 = 4(5)−1
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎1 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎4 = 𝑎5 =
4−1 8−1 12−1 16−1 20−1
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎1 = 3
𝑎2 = 7
𝑎3 = 11
𝑎4 = 15
𝑎5 = 19
2 2 2 2 2
Therefore, the first five terms are , , , , and .
3 7 11 15 19

3. Give the first five terms of the sequence that is defined by the general term 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4.
● To find the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth terms of this sequence, simply
substitute 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for 𝑛 in the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4.

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4
𝑎1 = (1)2 + 2(1) − 4 𝑎2 = 22 + 2(2) − 4 𝑎3 = 32 + 2(3) − 4
𝑎1 = 1 + 2 − 4 𝑎2 = 4 + 4 − 4 𝑎3 = 9 + 6 − 4
𝑎1 = −1 𝑎2 = 4 𝑎3 = 11

Following the pattern, 𝑎4 = 20 and 𝑎5 = 31

Therefore, the first five terms are −1, 4, 11, 20, and 31.

Activity

Activity 2
Match the general rule/ nth rule in Column A with its corresponding sequence in Column B. Write the
letter of the correct answer and your solutions on a separate sheet of paper.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_______1. 4n + 5 a. 3, 9, 15, 21, 27
50 25
_______2. 6n − 3 b. 50, 25, , ,10
3 2
8 13 23
_______3. 𝑛2 + 3𝑛 − 5 c. 1, , , 6,
3 3 3
5𝑛−2
_______4. d. 9, 13, 17, 21, 25
3
50
_______5. e. −1, 5, 13, 23, 35
𝑛

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 Page 4 | 9

Lesson 3 : Finding the nth term of a Sequence

Finding the nth term of a sequence from the 1st to few terms is not always automatic. That is, it takes
a while to recognize the pattern. Don’t be afraid to guess the formula for the general term.
Here are some pointers on how to find the general term of a sequence:
1. Study each term of the sequence and find a pattern.
a. Is it a multiple of the term ?
b. Is it a multiple of the square or cube of the term?

2. Examine the sequence. It is increasing or decreasing?

a. If it increases gradually, consider expressions that involve the term number plus or minus
a constant like : 𝑛 + 3 or 𝑛 − 5
b. If it increases moderately, think about multiples of the term plus or minus a constant like
2n or 3n− 1.
c. If it increases rapidly, try powers of the term plus or minus a constant like 𝑛2 𝑜𝑟 𝑛2 + 5.
3. If the sequence consists of fractions, examine how the denominator and numerator change for
each term.
𝑛+1 2 3 4 5 6
For example: 𝑎𝑛 = yields to , , , , ,…
𝑛2 1 4 9 16, 25

Examples:
1. Write an expression in the general form or a rule of the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9,…
Solution:
To find the general form or the rule for a specific sequence, we should look for an APPARENT
PATTERN.
For this sequence, you can observe that the difference between successive terms is 2.
In general, you can use trial – and – error method to find the rule.

Term 1 2 3 4
Value 3 5 7 9
𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1

2. Write an expression in the general form or a rule of the sequence 1,−2, 4,−8, 16,…
Solution:
As you can see in the given sequence, the sign of the terms alternate.
This means that the term is negative. In general, you can observe that 𝑎𝑛 = (−2)𝑛−1
5 3
3. Write the rule of the sequence 3, 2 , 2, 2, …

Solution:
6 7−1 5 5 7−2
Notice that 3 can be written as 2
= 2 ; 2 can be written as 2
= 2
;
4 7−3 3 3 7− 4
2 can be written as 2
= 2
; and 2
can be written as : 2
= 2
.

You can see that the numerators are 6, 5, 4, 3, … (7 − n) and the denominator is always 2.
7−𝑛
Therefore, the general term or the nth term of the sequence is 𝑎𝑛 = 2

Activity
Activity 3
Identify the general rule of the given sequences. Look for the answer below the box and exchange it
with the corresponding letter of the given sequence. Decode to find the answer on the trivia below.

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 Page 5 | 9

MATH TRIVIA
What is the mathematical name for the division sign?

3𝑛 + 2 𝑎𝑛 = 10𝑛 − 5 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 7 𝑎𝑛 = 5𝑛 20 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 3𝑛 − 7
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 =
4 𝑛

20
E 10, 13, 16, 19, 22 U 20, 10, , 5, 4
3
5 11 7 17
O , 2, , , B 5, 15, 25, 35, 45
4 4 2 4
L 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 S −3, 3, 11, 21, 33

Lesson 4 : Arithmetic Sequence

Arithmetic Sequence / Progression
● it is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a fixed number called
the common difference.
● To find the common difference, you can subtract two consecutive terms, that is the
second term to the first term, third term to the second term, fourth term to third term and so
on.
Examples:
a. Terms 3, 7, 11, 15, 19,…

Difference 4 4 4 4
Solution: 7− 3 = 4 11− 7 = 4 15 – 11 = 4 19 − 15 = 4

b. Terms 2, 12, 22, 32, 42,…

Difference 10 10 10 10
Solution: 12 – 2 = 10 22 – 12 = 10 32 − 22 = 10 42 − 32 = 10

c. Terms 13, 5, −3, −11, − 19,…

Difference −8 −8 −8 −8
Solution: 5 – 13 = −8 −3− 5 = −8 −11− (−3) = −8 −19 − (−11) = −8

1 7 11 5 19
d. Terms , , , ,
4 12 12 4, 12

1 1 1 1
Difference
3 3 3 3

7 1 7−3 4 1 5 11 15−11 4 1
Solution − = = / − = = /
12 4 12 12 3 4 12 12 12 3
11 7 4 1 19 5 19−15 4 1
− = / − = = /
12 12 12 3 12 4 12 12 3

Activity
Activity 4
Determine the following sequences if arithmetic or not. Write ARITHMETIC if the given sequence
illustrates an arithmetic sequence or NOT ARITHMETIC if otherwise.
_________1. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
_________2. 3, 9, 27, 81, 243
MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 Page 6 | 9
 1 1 1 1 1
_________3. , , , ,
2 6 18 54 162

_________4. 2√5, 6√5, 10√5, 14√5

2 4 8 16 32
_________5. , , , ,
3 9 27 81, 243

Lesson 5 : Finding the terms of an Arithmetic Sequence

Examples:
1. Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, …

Solution:
● First, find the common difference. You can subtract the second term to the first term, third
term to the second term and so on.
3, 8, 13, 18, 23,…
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4 𝑎5
8–3=5 13 – 8 = 5 18 – 13 = 5 23 − 18 = 5
The common difference in the given sequence is 5. (The sequence is ascending)

● Add the common difference to the last given term. After getting the common difference
which is 5, add this to the last given term to obtain the next three terms. 3, 8, 13, 18, 23,…
The last term is 23.

Therefore, 23 + (5)= 28 28+ 5= 33 33+ 5 = 38

The next three terms are 28, 33, and 38.

2. Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence 10, 7, 4, 1, −2 ,…

Solution:
● First, find the common difference.
7 – 10 = −3 4 – 7 = −3 1 – 4 = −3 −2 – 1 = −3
The common difference in the given sequence is −3. (The sequence is descending)

● After finding the common difference which is −3, add this to the last given term to
obtain the next three terms.
−2 + (−3) = −5 −5 + (−3) = −8 −8 + (−3 )= −11
The next three terms are −5, −8, and −11.

1 7 11 5 19
3. Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence , , , , …
2 6 6 2 6
● Find the common difference.
7 1 7−3 4 2
− = = =
6 2 6 6 3
11 7 4 2
− = =
6 6 6 3
5 11 15−11 4 2
− = = =
2 6 6 6 3
19 5 19 − 15 4 2
− = = =
6 2 6 6 3
4 2
The common difference is 𝑜𝑟 .
6 3

● Add the common difference to the last given term.

19 4 23 23 4 27 9 27 4 31
+ = , + = = + = The next three
6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6
23 9 31
terms are , ,
6 2 6

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 Page 7 | 9

 Activity
Activity 5
Find the common difference and write the next three terms of each arithmetic sequence.
_______1. 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, ______, ______, ______
_______2. −10, −7, −4, −1, 2, ______, ______, ______
_______3. 15, 11, 7, 3, −1, ______, ______, ______
_______4. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, ______, ______, ______
_______5. 266, 282, 298, 314, 330, ______, ______, ______

Post - test

Read each question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Which set of numbers is an example of an arithmetic sequence?
c. 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 c. −6, 18,− 54, 162
1 1 1 1 1
d. , , , , d. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5
3 9 15 21 27
5
2. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛−2
5 5 5 5 5
a. , , , , c. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
2 4 9 16, 25
5 5 1 5 3 4 5 6
b. 5, , , , d. 2, , , ,
4 7 2, 13 4 9 16, 25
3. What is the next three terms in the arithmetic sequence 8, 3, −2, −7,…?
c. −13, −20, 10 c. 4, 7, 10
d. 12, 17, 22 d. −12, −17, −22
4. What is the general rule of the sequence 3, 10, 19, 30, 43?
c. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 4𝑛 −2 c. 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 +7
15
d. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 2𝑛 +6 d. 𝑎𝑛 =
6𝑛−1

6. A car manufacturing unit produced 650 cars in January, 775 cars in February, and 900 cars
in March. If the company continues to produce cars at this rate, find the number of cars that
were produced in the month of June.
a. 1025 b. 1150 c. 1275 d. 1400

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 MATHEMATICS 10
Quarter 1 Week 1
ANSWER SHEET

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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