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Problems: 1St Order Odes

This document contains 4 problems involving first order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Problem 1 involves finding general and particular solutions to first order ODEs. Problem 2 involves using transformations like y=vx to find general solutions. Problem 3 uses additional transformations to find general solutions. Problem 4 involves finding general solutions to linear first order ODEs and a particular solution to an initial value problem. The document provides the questions and answers to each of the problems.

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13 views2 pages

Problems: 1St Order Odes

This document contains 4 problems involving first order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Problem 1 involves finding general and particular solutions to first order ODEs. Problem 2 involves using transformations like y=vx to find general solutions. Problem 3 uses additional transformations to find general solutions. Problem 4 involves finding general solutions to linear first order ODEs and a particular solution to an initial value problem. The document provides the questions and answers to each of the problems.

Uploaded by

sureyya.yusifova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Problems: 1st Order ODEs


Problem 1.1.

(a) Find the general solution of the differential equation


dy
= e4x .
dx
(b) Find the solution of the differential equation
dy
= sin x + cos x
dx
satisfying the condition y = 2 when x = π/2.
Problem 1.2.

(a) Find the general solution of the differential equation


dy
= x2 e y .
dx
Find the solution to the following initial value problems
dx sin t dy
(b) = 2 : x(0) = 0, (c) = xy : y(0) = 1.
dt x dx
Find the general solution of the differential equations
dx √ dx √
(d) x = sin t, (e) t = x.
dt dt
(f) A chemical reaction is governed by the differential equation
dY
= K(5 − Y )2
dt
where Y (t) is the concentration of a chemical at time t. The initial concentration is
zero and the concentration at t = 5s is 2 mol cm−3 . Find the particular solution to the
differential equation and find the value of K. What value does the concentration approach
in the long term?
Problem 1.3.

Find the general solution of the differential equations using the transformation y = vx.

dy dy y 2 + xy dy
(a) xy = y 2 + x2 , (b) x = , (c) x = y + xey/x .
dx dx x dx

(d) Use the transformation v = y − x + 1 to find the general solution of


dy y−x+2
= .
dx y−x+1

9
(e) Use a suitable transformation to find the general solution of

dy
= 2x + y + 2.
dx
(f) Use a suitable transformation to find the general solution of

dy
= (2x + y)2 − 2.
dx
Problem 1.4.

Find the general solution of the linear first order differential equations
dy dy 1
(a) − 2y = et , (b) t + 4y = 2 ,
dt dt t
dy dx
− 2y = x3 sin 2x,
(c) x (d) + 3t2 x = t2 .
dx dt
(e) Find the particular solution of the differential equation

dy
= x + y : y(0) = 0.
dx
(f) In an open storage vessel where the flow rates are governed by gravity, the flow rate
Q out of the vessel at time t is represented by the following initial value problem
dQ
+ aQ = bh(t) : Q(0) = Q0 ,
dt
where a and b are constants representing chemical and frictional losses and h(t) is the
depth of fluid in the storage vessel. If a = 5, b = 2 and h(t) = 10e−4t solve the initial
value problem.

Answers
1
1. (a) y = 4
e4x + C, (b) y = sin x − cos x + 1.

x3 1 2 /2 √
2. (a) −e−y = 3
+ C, (b) x = (3 − 3 cos t) 3 , (c) y = ex , (d) x = ± 2C − 2 cos t,
5
(e) x = (t1/2 + C/2)2 , (f) Y = 5 − , K = 2/75 and Y = 5mol cm−3 .
5Kt + 1
p
3. (a) y = ± 2x2 ln(Cx), (b) y = − ln xCx , (c) y = −x ln(− ln Cx)),
√
(d) y = x − 1 ± 2x + 2C, (e) y = Cex − 2x − 4, (f) y = −2x − 1
x+C
.

C
4. (a) y = −et + Ce2t , (b) y = 1
2t2
+ t4
, (c) y = − 12 x2 cos 2x + Cx2 ,
3
(d) x = 1
3
+ Ce−t , (e) y = −x − 1 + ex , (f) Q = 20e−4t + (Q0 − 20)e−5t .

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