COLORADO

What every motorist needs to know about driving in the Centennial State
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 Table of Contents
GETTING A DRIVER LICENSE........................................................................................................1
MINOR DRIVERS..............................................................................................................................2
HOW YOU CAN LOSE YOUR LICENSE..........................................................................................2
SEAT BELT LAWS.............................................................................................................................3
DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE................................................................................................3
BEFORE YOU DRIVE.......................................................................................................................5
BASIC DRIVING................................................................................................................................6
TRAFFIC CONTROLS......................................................................................................................7
TRAFFIC SIGNALS...........................................................................................................................7
TRAFFIC SIGNS...............................................................................................................................7
PAVEMENT MARKINGS...................................................................................................................9
LANE CONTROLS............................................................................................................................9
RIGHT-OF-WAY..............................................................................................................................10
SPEED............................................................................................................................................11
TURNING........................................................................................................................................12
PARKING.........................................................................................................................................13
FREEWAY DRIVING.......................................................................................................................14
CHANGING LANES........................................................................................................................14
PASSING.........................................................................................................................................15
HILLS AND CURVES......................................................................................................................15
NIGHT DRIVING.............................................................................................................................16
WEATHER.......................................................................................................................................16
SNOW AND ICE..............................................................................................................................16
SEASONAL DRIVING.....................................................................................................................16
MOUNTAIN DRIVING......................................................................................................................17
RURAL DRIVING............................................................................................................................17
CONSTRUCTION ZONES..............................................................................................................17
SAFE DRIVING TIPS......................................................................................................................18
SHARING THE ROAD.....................................................................................................................19
RAILROAD CROSSING..................................................................................................................20
LIGHT RAIL.....................................................................................................................................21
BICYCLISTS...................................................................................................................................21
MOTORCYCLES.............................................................................................................................23
PEDESTRIANS...............................................................................................................................23
CARELESS/RECKLESS DRIVING.................................................................................................23
TIPS TO AVOID BECOMING AN AGGRESSIVE DRIVER.............................................................24
EMERGENCIES..............................................................................................................................24
VEHICLE EMERGENCIES.............................................................................................................25
CRASH TIPS...................................................................................................................................25

DR 2337 (01/03/23)
GETTING A DRIVER LICENSE When you take the drive test at a state-approved, certified
Anyone who operates a motor vehicle, motor-driven commercial driving school, the school may provide a
cycle or moped on Colorado’s public streets and vehicle for you to drive or it may require you to provide
highways must be 16 or older and have a valid a vehicle that has current insurance and registration.
driver license. If you are a resident of Colorado (for Regardless of who provides the vehicle, the examiner will
example if you own or operate a business in Colorado check the vehicle for safety including brake lights, turn
or have resided within the state continuously for 90 signals, seat belts, the windshield and tires. Examiners will
days or have gainful employment within this state), also check whether the vehicle’s doors and windows open
you must get a Colorado driver license within 30 from inside the automobile. For safety reasons, only the
days of becoming a resident unless you are serving driver and the examiner are allowed in the vehicle during
on active duty in the U.S. military, the dependent of the test. Interpreters/Translators, family, friends or pets are
an active duty military service member or residing not allowed. Remove weapons from your vehicle before
in Colorado for the principal purpose of furthering taking the drive test. Turn off any electronic devices in your
your education. If you have a change vehicle, including the radio and your cell phone. Remove
to your address or name you must objects from the dashboard and the rearview mirror. If you
notify the Division of Motor Vehicles fail the drive test, you must wait until the next business day
within 30 days. Identification before retaking the test.
requirements for U.S. citizens and The drive test measures your skill and knowledge of
permanent residents can be found at legal and safe driving practices. You will not be asked to
DMV.Colorado.gov/documents. do anything illegal. You may ask the examiner questions
Driving Knowledge Tests (written tests): This test covers before the test begins. After that, any unnecessary talking
driving knowledge and safety. The test questions cover will only interfere with the test. You will be scored during
the contents of this handbook including road signs, driving the entire test.
under the influence, driving rules, safety rules and legal The drive test will be administered using guidelines from
items. Practice quizzes are available online and through the the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators
myColorado app. (AAMVA). The skills measured will be an assessment of
Note: Written tests are not given within 30 minutes of an all three of the following categories:
office’s scheduled closing time. Please plan your visit with Perceptual: The ability to perceive characteristics of the
this in mind. many highway traffic environments in a way that permits safe
vehicle operation, e.g. judging gaps or identifying hazards.
Name & Address Changes
Motor: The ability to manipulate controls in order to maneuver
You have 30 days to notify the DMV of a name or address
the vehicle, e.g. ability to rotate the steering wheel in relation
change.
to the motion of the vehicle and intended path when turning
a corner.
Instruction permits: After passing a written test, you are Attentional: The ability to focus and shift attention, e.g. to
eligible for an instruction permit. An instruction permit monitor traffic ahead and the side in a merge.
allows limited driving privileges for people learning to drive.
When you are driving with an instruction permit, you must Your drive test score will be based upon how well you
have a person who is 21 years or older who has a valid perform the following maneuvers:
Colorado license in the front passenger seat. ● Left and right turns
● Stopping at intersections
Driving Skills Test (drive test): This test covers ● Through intersections
practical driving skills and abilities. This is the most ● Lane changes in traffic
important part of the licensing process because it ● General driving behavior
allows you to show that you can drive safely. You ● Merging into and leaving traffic
cannot schedule a drive test at a State driver license
office at this time. However, this could change and Specific maneuvers have grading factors that are
you are encouraged to visit the DMV website to see associated with the performance requirements.
if we are currently offering drive tests. Some county- These are:
operated offices offer drive tests, please refer to your Lane selection: Enter/exit traffic from the proper lane,
county website for updated information on testing. approach intersections in the proper lane, end the maneuver
Drive tests are primarily being given by Certified in the proper lane.
Commercial Driving schools. A link to
the current list of schools conducting Lane management: Remain entirely within the turning
drive tests can be found here (or at the lane, keep both hands on the wheel. Use approved
website listed below). More information method of steering control (hand-over-hand or push-pull-
can also be found on the DMV website slide). Choose the correct portion of the lane for making
DMV.Colorado.gov/drivereducation. your turn (when turning right, always turn from the right-
most portion of your lane or when turning left, always turn

1 Colorado Driver Handbook

from the left-most portion of your lane). After completing Application for driver license: Colorado law requires
the turn, ensure the vehicle is centered in the appropriate minors to have an instruction permit for 12 months before
lane. Start/finish the turn in the proper lane, do not drive applying for a driver license and to submit a completed
over lane markings or over curbs. and signed driving log showing 50 hours of driving
Turn Signals: Turn signal is turned on continuously 100 feet experience (10 of which must have been at night). If
before turning or changing lanes in urban areas and 200 feet younger than 16 and 6 months, you must also complete
before turning or changing lanes on 4-lane highways. 6 hours of behind-the-wheel training with an approved
Turn signal is cancelled within 3 seconds of turning or driver education instructor. If there is not an approved
changing lanes. driving school offering at least 20 hours of behind-the-
wheel training per week within 30 miles of your residence,
Speed control: Smooth deceleration does not hold up 12 additional hours of driving with your parent/guardian/
traffic, adjust speed to react to traffic or conditions, maintain alternate permit supervisor may be substituted for the 6
steady speed during lane change, approach intersection at hours of behind the wheel training with a driver education
a speed that allows the turn to be made without stopping or instructor. If you live more than 30 miles from the nearest
braking during the turn. commercial driving school you must bring a printed map
Stopping: Come to a complete stop, no forward motion of the route from your home to the driving school when
of the vehicle. Do not encroach over the stop line and, you go to the driver license office.
crosswalk; keep the vehicle’s wheels pointed straight ahead Passenger restrictions: While you are younger than
while stopped, do not turn the wheels until beginning to 18, you have passenger restrictions based on how
make the turn and maintain an adequate distance between long you have had your driver license. For the first six
vehicles (If you can see the rear wheels of the vehicle in months after your license is issued, you cannot have
front of you, you are at an adequate distance). any passengers under 21, unless a parent or another
Acceleration: Accelerates smoothly without jerking, licensed adult driver is in the vehicle. After 6 months, you
doesn’t lug the engine, coast, impede traffic, clash gears may have one passenger younger than 21. Siblings and
or stall the vehicle. passengers with medical emergencies are exceptions.
After 1 year, you may carry as many passengers as there
Searching: Observes the traffic environment, looks over
are seat belts in the vehicle.
shoulder before changing lanes, uses mirrors, scans for
traffic when approaching an intersection, looks left, right, Curfew: For your first year as a licensed driver,
left before entering intersections, looks behind after each driving between midnight and 5 a.m. is not allowed
turn. During the test, use of safety-critical technologies such unless you are accompanied by an instructor, parent
as back-up cameras, and blind spot and lane departure or legal guardian. Exceptions include driving to
warnings are allowed but do not take the place of physical and from school or work (with a signed statement
searching skills. from school or work), medical emergencies and
emancipated minors.
General driving behavior: Steering, braking, acceleration,
searching, lane usage, and obeying all traffic laws, signs HOW YOU CAN LOSE YOUR LICENSE
and signals. Having a driver license is a privilege. Protect that
privilege by driving with care and consideration for
MINOR DRIVERS
others. Some examples of ways your driving privilege
Minor instruction permits: Requirements to obtain and may be suspended, revoked or canceled are:
restrictions on an instruction permit vary by age. ● Meet or exceed the minimum point accumulation

Affidavit of Liability and Guardianship: If you are under for suspension.

18, your application must be accompanied by an Affidavit ● Are convicted of driving while under the influence

of Liability (DR2460) signed and verified by your parent, of alcohol or drugs.

stepparent, grandparent with power of attorney, legal ● Refuse to be tested for alcohol or drug content.

guardian, spouse older than 18, or any other responsible ● Are convicted of failing to report a crash or

adult willing to accept legal liability. leaving the scene of a crash without stopping,
exchanging information and rendering aid.
The affidavit must be signed in front of the driver license ● Fail to report a crash to the Division of Motor Vehicles
office employee or a notary public. Whoever signs the
according to the Financial Responsibility Law.
affidavit agrees to take legal responsibility for your actions as ● Give false information on your driver license
a driver. If the signer decides to no longer
application.
accept responsibility for your driving, ● Fail to settle a judgment against you as a result of a
that person may withdraw their signature
crash while operating a vehicle.
and your permit/license will be canceled. ● Lend your license to someone else or misuse it.
Minors in foster care are exempt from this ● Fail to appear for a re-examination requested by the
requirement, provided certain conditions
Division of Motor Vehicles.
are met, additional information can be ● Are convicted of vehicular homicide as a result of a
found at DMV.Colorado.gov/foster-children-driver-licenses.
motor vehicle crash.

Colorado Driver Handbook 2

 ● Fail to pay ordered child support. drug that reduces brain function, which impairs thinking,
● Fail to provide valid evidence of insurance when reasoning, and muscle coordination. Depressants may
requested by a law enforcement officer. Drivers are slow reflexes and reaction times while reducing your
required to have proof of insurance while operating ability to make the decisions necessary to safely operate
a vehicle. a motor vehicle. As the amount of drugs in your body
● Are convicted of purchasing or possessing alcohol increases, your judgment worsens and skills decrease.
while you are younger than 21. It is unlawful for someone to either possess an open
SEAT BELT LAWS container of alcohol or possess an open container of
Colorado law requires a fastened seat belt to be worn in marijuana while in the passenger area of a motor vehicle
all motor vehicles with a factory-equipped seat belt system that is on a public road.
while in operation on public roadways by: A driver may be convicted of either DWAI (Driving While
● The driver
Ability is Impaired) or DUI (Driving Under the Influence)
● Front seat passengers
depending on the level of the driver’s mental or physical
● Children under 16
impairment. DWAI means the driver is impaired to the
The only exceptions are: slightest degree. DUI means the driver is substantially
● Emergency personnel incapable of safe driving. Impaired driving convictions
● Passenger buses and school buses are not proven only by the driver’s Blood Alcohol
● Farm equipment Concentration (BAC), but by the impaired driving
● The driver of delivery vans while on the job behavior and a totality of circumstance. This is usually
● Anyone carrying a written medical statement documented by the driver’s operation of the vehicle and/or
from a physician stating they are not physically or observed impairment during the law enforcement officer’s
psychologically required to wear seat belts contact with the driver and the driver’s performance on
Standardized Field Sobriety Tests. A driver may also be
The Colorado child passenger protection law requires convicted of DUI per se if the driver’s BAC is greater than
children to be properly fastened into an appropriate child 0.08%. Licenses may be revoked if the driver refuses a
restraint system. If a parent is not in the motor vehicle, it is toxicological test, set forth in Colorado Statute, or based
the driver’s responsibility to ensure that each child is properly on a BAC over .08 or over .02 if the driver is under 21, or
fastened into one of the following: over .04 for a CDL driver.
● Children less than 1 year old and weighing less Alcohol in the body affects people differently, even if they
than 20 pounds: properly secured in a rear-facing have consumed the same amount of alcohol over the same
child restraint system in a rear seat of the vehicle. time period. A person’s BAC depends on several factors:
● Children ages 1 to 4 and weighing 20 to 40 pounds: ● The amount of alcohol consumed
properly secured in a rear-facing or forward-facing child ● Body weight
restraint system. ● The period of time in which the alcohol was consumed
● Children up to 8 years old: properly secured in a child ● The amount of time since the last drink was consumed
restraint system, such as a booster seat, according to ● The person’s sex
the manufacturer’s instructions.
● Children between 8 and 15 years old: properly It does not make a difference whether a drink is beer, wine
restrained in a seat belt or child restraint system or liquor. Standard servings of each contain about the same
according to the manufacturer’s instructions. amount of alcohol. A standard drink is defined as 12 ounces
of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits, all
Passengers in motor vehicles driven by anyone younger of which contain the same amount of alcohol. Once alcohol
than 18 must be properly restrained or wear seat is in the bloodstream, only the passage of time will make
belts. The number of passengers in vehicles driven by person sober as the body eliminates it through normal bodily
persons younger than 18 must not exceed the number processes. On average, a person’s BAC will drop by 0.015%
of seat belts. per hour.
DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE Table 1: Possible Penalties for
Driving while impaired by alcohol, other drugs, or drug Impaired Driving for 21 and Older (for
combinations is one of the greatest factors in roadway more information on additional fees,
crashes and fatalities. Every year, tens of thousands of education and treatment please visit
people are killed by impaired drivers. But the facts and https://noduicolorado.org/court/)
statistics do not tell the whole story. Behind the numbers are
thousands of lives cut short, permanent or disabling injuries, Driving under the influence while
and families devastated because someone drove while younger than 21: Any driver younger than 21, convicted of
under the influence of alcohol or drugs. DUI or DWAI, is subject to revocation of their driver license
When you drive while impaired, safe driving is not for the first conviction if they fail to complete a court-ordered
possible and you are more likely to take risks such as evaluation or program. A second or third conviction is a
speeding or turning abruptly. Alcohol is a depressant mandatory revocation of their license.

3 Colorado Driver Handbook

 DRIVING UNDER

THE INFLUENCE

ISN’T WORTH IT
Table 1
Blood Alcohol Points Toward
Conviction Fine Jail Public Service
Content Suspension
1st Driving While Ability
0.05% 8 $200-$500 2-180 days 24-48 hours
Impaired (DWAI)
1st Driving Under the
0.08% Revocation: 9 months $600-$1,000 5-365 days 48-96 hours
Influence (DUI)

2nd DWAI or DUI 0.08% Revocation: 1 year $600- $1,500 10-365 days 48-120 hours

3rd or subsequent DWAI or

Revocation: 2 years $600- $1,500 60-365 days 48-120 hours
DUI

Anyone younger than 21 is convicted of buying or possessing driving skills. Drivers must check medication labels for
alcohol is subject to revocation of their driving privilege even warnings about the medication’s effects before driving.
if driving is not a factor. If the label is missing or unclear, check with your doctor
Drugs and driving: Driving while impaired by drugs, or pharmacist about any possible side effects.
including illicit drugs, marijuana, prescription medications The National Safety Council advises that the active
and over the counter medications, is illegal and subject to ingredients in marijuana cause changes in cognitive effects
the same penalties as driving while impaired by alcohol. (knowing, thinking, judging, evaluating and planning) and
They can have effects similar to alcohol or even worse. The psychomotor effects (coordination, reaction time, motor
fact that marijuana or other drugs were used for medicinal skills, and tracking). It is unsafe to operate a vehicle while
purposes is not a defense for DUI or DWAI. impaired by marijuana due to the increased risk of death or
Besides alcohol, other drugs can affect a person’s injury to the operator and the public.
ability to safely operate a vehicle. Like alcohol, Like with alcohol, the degree of marijuana impairment
impairment from these drugs is dose dependent and depends upon the dose consumed, time since consumption,
varies among individuals. Prescription drugs, such and differences between individuals. The degree and
as tranquilizers, pain killers and over-the-counter duration of marijuana impairment depends upon the method
medications for allergies and colds can impair safe of consumption. Unlike with alcohol, there is no correlation

Colorado Driver Handbook 4

between levels of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in alcohol or drugs, being generally healthy, and being mentally
the blood, breath or oral fluid (or saliva sample) and the and emotionally fit to drive. There are many environmental
degree of individual impairment. sights and sounds to be aware of while driving such as
There is a permissible inference that a driver was DUI if weather, time of the day, lighting conditions, honking, sirens,
the driver’s blood contained 5 nanograms of THC per screeching tires, people shouting, etc. Using all of your
milliliter (ng/ml) of blood. There is no THC permissible available senses to assist you with alertness and awareness
inference level for DWAI. Most marijuana impaired drivers of one’s surroundings can help warn you of danger.
are convicted based upon behavioral symptoms, as well as Vision: Good vision is a must for safe driving. You drive
blood THC levels. based on what you see. If you cannot see clearly without
Polydrug Impairment: Polydrug impairment is caused corrective lenses, you may have trouble identifying traffic
by using two or more drugs simultaneously, including and road conditions, spotting potential hazards, recognizing
using alcohol, marijuana, prescription medications, smaller road users like pedestrians or bicyclists and
over-the-counter medications or any other drugs in any reacting in a timely manner. It is important to have your
combination. Mixing drugs can increase the substance’s eyes checked every year or two by an eye specialist. If you
effects. Colorado’s data shows that polydrug impairment have a corrective lens restriction on your license, you need
is more common than impairment by any single drug other to wear glasses or contact lenses while driving.
than alcohol, and also more dangerous. Hearing: While your hearing levels can be helpful to
Illegal drugs such as LSD, methamphetamine and heroin alert you to your surroundings, it must be noted the
also affect a person’s reflexes, judgment and alertness along ability to hear (or not) does not guarantee you will hear
with their many other dangerous side effects. These drugs environmental sounds. Music may be playing, passengers
can give a false sense of alertness and self confidence or may be talking, and/or the car may be so well-insulated to
make you drowsy and unable to react to simple situations. the outside world that environmental sounds are muted. It
is also common for people to experience declines in their
Law enforcement officers are trained to identify, document hearing levels as they age and/or due to exposure to loud
and testify to the impairment of driving skills, regardless noises. These declines can happen so slowly that a person
of cause, including medical issues, alcohol, marijuana, may not immediately notice an issue. If you suspect that
prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, illegal drugs or your hearing levels have declined, it is recommended you
any combination of these. Drivers are routinely convicted of have your hearing tested by an audiologist. Note — You
Colorado’s impaired driving laws regardless of the drug or may not operate a motor vehicle while wearing earphones.
drugs causing the impairment and regardless of the level of The definition of earphones include any device or headset
any drug that may be found in the blood or saliva. which covers all or a portion of both ears. Earphones do
Express Consent Law (C.R.S. 42-4-1301.1): The express not include hearing aids, cochlear implants, assistive
consent law means that when a person operate a motor listening devices, speakers or other listening devices that
vehicle within the state, they agree to take a chemical test of are built into protective headgear or a device that only
their blood, breath, saliva or urine to determine the presence covers all or a portion of one ear and that is connected to
of alcohol and/or drug content in your blood. a wireless device.
If a law enforcement officer suspects that a person is driving Fatigue: When you are tired, you cannot drive as safely as
while impaired or under the influence of alcohol and/or when you are rested. Your reactions and decision making skills
drugs, the law enforcement officer can require you to take a are greatly reduced. Break long driving periods into two-hour
chemical test of your blood, breath, saliva or urine. segments. If you become drowsy, pull off the road and rest.
If a person refuses to take the test or does not comply with Health: Many health problems, such as a bad cold, infection
the testing procedure, their driver license will be revoked or a virus, can affect your driving. Even little problems such as
for one year and they will be required to install an interlock a stiff neck, cough or sore leg can affect your driving. Some
device on any motor vehicle they drive for two years. If other conditions, such as epilepsy, diabetes and heart conditions
suspensions or revocations come about from this same can pose risks that make it unsafe to drive a vehicle. Check
incident, they will be added onto the end of the revocation with your doctor if you think your health condition could affect
(consecutively). your driving.
Because driving under the influence is so dangerous, the Emotions: Emotions can greatly affect safe driving. You
penalties for alcohol or drug related violations are very may not drive well if you are overly worried, excited, afraid or
tough and can include jail, fines and suspension of driving angry. Do not give in to road rage.
privileges. Colorado law does not allow a person to plea Distractions: Distractions are the leading cause of driver
bargain out of an alcohol or drug related driving offense. error. A distraction is anything that takes away your attention,
The only sure way to avoid the consequences is not to use even momentarily, from the task of driving. Driving requires
alcohol or drugs at all when driving. your full attention. Before beginning a trip, adjust your seat,
BEFORE YOU DRIVE mirrors, radio, temperature and secure any loose objects
Being a safe driver depends on being able to see clearly, in the car. Be sure everyone in the vehicle, particularly
not being overly tired, not driving under the influence of children, are wearing age-appropriate restraint devices. Do

5 Colorado Driver Handbook

not allow yourself to become distracted by your cell phone, or just above the center console. Set the mirror so
conversations with passengers, children or rubbernecking you can just see the side of the car in the left side of
(staring at something of interest). Safely pull over to the mirror.
address distracting or urgent situations. ● Loose objects: Make sure there are no objects
Vehicle: The vehicle you drive impacts your ability to drive on the rear shelf or back seat that could injure
safely. Motorists are responsible to ensure the vehicles someone during a sudden stop or crash. Ensure
they drive are safe to operate. A vehicle in poor operating there are no objects on the floor that could roll
condition is unsafe, costs more to drive and can cause an under the brake pedal or accelerator and interfere
emergency situation, such as a breakdown or wreck. It can with your safe driving.
also result in a citation from law enforcement. Follow your
● Head rests: They should be adjusted so the head
vehicle owner’s manual for routine maintenance. A few restraint touches the back of your head.
simple checks will prevent trouble on the road and ensure BASIC DRIVING
your vehicle complies with Colorado motor vehicle laws: Starting the engine: How you start your vehicle will
● Braking system: If the brakes do not seem to be working
depend on its make and model. Check the vehicle owner’s
properly, have a mechanic check them immediately. manual for how to start the vehicle. No matter your make
● Lights: Make sure turn signals, brake lights, tail lights
and model, your right foot should be on the brake before
and headlights are operating properly. starting the vehicle. Check indicator lights and gauges to
● Windshield and wipers: Get your windshield
be sure your vehicle does not need maintenance.
replaced if the glass is damaged because damaged
glass can break easily or obstruct vision. Windshield Moving the vehicle: Look for a safe path and check for
wipers keep the rain and snow off the windshield. traffic or pedestrians to the sides and behind. Signal, and if
Make sure they are in good operating condition. If safe, press the accelerator gently with the ball of your foot on
the blades have not been working well, replace them. the pedal and the heel of your foot on the floor.
Keep the windshield clean inside and out, and keep Stopping the vehicle: Check your mirrors for traffic to the
your window washer fluid tank full. Clear snow, ice or rear of your vehicle. Move your foot from the accelerator
frost from all windows. to the brake pedal. With steady pressure, press until your
● Tires: Worn or bald tires can increase your stopping vehicle comes to a stop.
distance, make turning more difficult, can cause Steering: The steering wheel is always turned in the
hydroplaning when the road is wet, and increase direction you want the vehicle to move, whether moving
the chance of having a flat tire. Unbalanced wheels forward or in reverse.
and low tire pressure increase tire wear, reduce fuel
economy and make the vehicle harder to steer and Hand position: You have better vehicle control when you
stop. If the vehicle bounces, the steering wheel shakes, place both hands on the outside of the steering wheel, on
or the vehicle pulls to one side, have a mechanic check opposite sides, at the 3 and 9 o’clock positions or the 4 and
your tires. 8 o’clock positions. Your grip on the steering wheel should
● Steering system: If the vehicle is hard to turn, have be firm but gentle. Use your fingers instead of the palms of
the steering checked by a mechanic. your hands and keep your thumbs up along the face of the
● Suspension system: If the vehicle bounces steering wheel. Never grip the inside of the steering wheel
excessively, keeps bouncing after a bump or after you when turning it.
stop, you may need new shocks or other suspension Backing up: To safely back up your vehicle, you should:
parts. Have a mechanic check it out. ● Check behind your vehicle before you get in.
● Exhaust system: Fumes from a leaky exhaust system
Children and small objects cannot be seen from the
can cause death in a very short time. Never run the driver’s seat.
motor in your garage or sit in the car with the motor ● Place your foot on the brake and shift to reverse.
running without opening a window. Most exhaust ● Grasp the steering wheel at the 12 o’clock position
problems are easily heard; have them repaired. with your left hand. Place your right arm on the back
● Engine: A poorly tuned engine can lose power needed
of the passenger seat and look directly over your
for normal driving and emergencies, may not start, get shoulder through the rear window.
poor fuel economy, pollute the air, and could stall on ● Use your mirrors for backing up but keep in mind
you when you are on the road, causing problems for these mirrors do not show the area immediately
you and other traffic. behind your vehicle. If you have a rear view camera,
● Horn: The horn should be checked regularly.
use it in addition to checking over your shoulder and
● Mirrors: Adjust your rear view mirror and side
using your mirrors.
mirrors before you begin to drive. To adjust the ● Accelerate gently, smoothly and slowly. Steer slightly
driver’s side mirror place your head against the left in the direction the rear of the vehicle should move.
side window and set the mirror so you can barely see If backing up while turning, make quick checks to
the side of the car in the right side of the mirror. To the front and sides. Continue looking to the rear until
adjust the passenger’s side mirror position you head coming to a complete stop.
so that it is centered under the inside rearview mirror

Colorado Driver Handbook 6

 Flashing red light: A flashing red light means the
Traffic Signals & Road Sign Groups same as a STOP sign. Stop; then go only after
Visual representations of traffic signals and road signs are yielding to pedestrians and other traffic.
grouped together by relevance on pages 7, 8 and 9. Flashing yellow light: A flashing yellow
light is a warning of a hazard. Slow down
and proceed with caution.
TRAFFIC CONTROLS HAWK signals (High Intensity Activated
Traffic controls include traffic signals, traffic signs, and Crosswalk): HAWK signals are traffic signals that
pavement markings. Traffic control also can be provided allow pedestrians to cross the road safely. HAWK
by law enforcement, highway personnel, or school crossing signals operate in a yellow red flashing sequence to
guards. You must obey directions from these persons. alert motorists that pedestrians need to cross the road.
TRAFFIC SIGNALS TRAFFIC SIGNS
Traffic signals are lights that tell you when or where to stop Traffic signs tell you about traffic rules, hazards, and your
and go. Traffic lights are usually at intersections and are current location. They can also give directions and help you
(from top to bottom) red, yellow, and green. There are to locate services. The shapes and colors of these signs
intersections and other locations where there are single indicate the type of information they provide.
green, yellow or red lights. If the traffic signal is not
operating or is malfunctioning, treat the intersection as a Regulatory signs: These signs tell you of laws and
four way stop. regulations that apply at a location. They are black or red
on a white background. Failure to obey these signs is a
Steady red light: Stop until a green light appears. traffic violation.
After stopping and yielding to pedestrians and other
traffic, and if not prohibited by a traffic sign, you Speed limit signs: These signs show the
may turn right while the light is red. Also, you may maximum or minimum speed that is allowed.
turn left on a red light if you are turning from a one- The maximum limits are for ideal conditions and
way street onto another one-way street, unless you must reduce your speed when conditions
prohibited by a sign. require it.

Steady yellow light: A red light is about to Stop signs: These signs mean you must
appear. Stop unless you are already in the come to a complete stop. You must stop at a
intersection. clearly marked stop line, but if none, before
entering the crosswalk on the near side of
Steady green light: After yielding to any the intersection, or if none, then at the point
vehicle or pedestrian within the intersection nearest the intersecting roadway where the
or adjacent crosswalk, you may proceed driver has a view of approaching traffic.
straight through or turn right or left unless a Yield signs: These signs indicate you must slow or stop to
sign prohibits such turns. yield to all pedestrians and any vehicle with right of way.
Red Arrow: A lighted red arrow means you must
stop and may not turn in the direction shown.
Green arrow: A lighted green arrow, by itself
or along with a red, green or yellow light
means you may turn in the direction shown
by the arrow. If the green arrow goes off, but
the circular green is on, you may still turn Do Not Enter/Wrong Way signs: These signs warn and
after yielding to through vehicles and pedestrians, redirect drivers who are heading the wrong way on streets or
unless prohibited by a sign or red arrow. freeway ramps. Do not proceed past one of these signs.
Yellow arrow: A lighted red arrow is about to appear.
Stop if you are not already in the intersection.
Flashing yellow arrow: A flashing yellow
arrow means the driver turning left should
proceed with caution and must yield to
One Way signs: These signs indicate you may only travel in
oncoming traffic and pedestrians. Never
the direction indicated by the sign’s arrow.
rush through a flashing yellow arrow, take
the time to check for a clear path through the
intersection. The signal will then switch to solid
yellow, telling the driver the light is about to turn red and
to not enter the intersection if they can stop safely. Finally
the signal will turn red, which means the driver must stop.

7 Colorado Driver Handbook

Lane control signs: These signs give direction and below the dispatch number on the ENS sign is a Department
information about where you can turn and often use an of Transportation number that identifies the exact location of
arrow symbol. The signs are along the side of the road or the crossing in question.
hang over the road. Sometimes arrows may be painted on
the road.

Work zone signs: These signs have an orange background

with black letters or symbols. They are used with other traffic
Prohibited signs: These signs indicate you cannot do control devices or flag persons to help direct traffic safely
something, for example, no U-turn or no left turn. through work areas and to protect roadway workers.

Guide signs: These signs have a green background and

Warning signs: These signs are yellow or fluorescent provide directional and mileage information to specific
green with black symbols, school zone, curves, slippery destinations.
surfaces, merging traffic, or pedestrian-dense areas. For
instance, a merging traffic sign warns of vehicles entering
from a side street.

Service/recreation signs: These signs have blue or brown

backgrounds. Signs with blue backgrounds provide
directions to service facilities. Signs with brown backgrounds
Advisory speed signs: These cautionary signs show indicate recreational, historic or cultural areas.
the safe speed around curves, corners and off-ramps in
ideal conditions.

Route signs and markers: The shape of the sign

indicates the type of roadway: Interstate, U.S., State or
Railroad crossings: These signs show information about County highway.
railroad crossings and can be a variety of shapes. Never try
to beat a train across the tracks. Never start to cross the
tracks until there is enough room for your vehicle to clear
the tracks on the other side. Do not shift gears when
crossing the railroad tracks in case your vehicle stalls.
Bicycle and pedestrian crossing signs: These signs
have a yellow background with black symbols. They are
used where both bicyclists and pedestrians might be
crossing the roadway, such as at an intersection with a
shared use path.
Pass 3 ft min signs: These signs have a white background
with black letters and symbols. Motorists,
Railroad emergency notification system (ENS) Signs: PASS when passing or overtaking bicyclists,
These blue signs are at every highway-rail grade crossing must allow for clearance of 3 feet to avoid
and provide the public with a telephone number to report sideswiping on all roadways even if a sign is
problems or emergencies at these railroad locations. Directly 3 FT MIN not posted.
Colorado Driver Handbook 8
Bicycle may use full lane signs: These signs have a white White lines: Separate lanes of traffic moving in the same
background with black letters and symbols. direction.
They remind drivers that bicyclists have a ● Broken white line: You may change lanes if it is safe.
right to ride in the center of the lane if they ● Solid white line: Requires you to stay within the lane
feel their safety is compromised by hazards and also marks the shoulder of the roadway.
or poor visibility if they were to ride in the right ● Green Paint: A lane or area on the roadway designated
side of the lane. for bicyclists, and increases visibility of bicyclists.
● Sharrows: Some streets have shared lane markings
Slow moving vehicle marker: A reflective
orange triangle on the rear of a vehicle means or “sharrows” painted on them
it is designed to travel at speeds slower than 25 letting road users know that the
miles per hour. lane may be too narrow for drivers
and bicyclists to travel side-by-side.
Disabled parking signs: These signs mark Bicyclists may ride in the center
special parking areas for only those vehicles of a lane with a sharrow or in any
displaying a disabled parking permit. Disabled situation where they need to avoid obstacles or
parking indicators may also appear on the increase visibility for their safety.
pavement in designated parking spaces. ● Crosswalks: A crosswalk is a marked or unmarked
Crosshatched sections are for van access only and parking part of a road where pedestrians have the right-of-way
is not allowed at any time. In order to park to cross. The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-
in a disabled parking space, the person who way by slowing down or stopping, if need be, for
owns the disabled placard must be entering or pedestrians crossing the roadway within a crosswalk.
exiting the vehicle. Whenever you approach a vehicle from the rear that is
If you park illegally in a designated disabled stopped at a crosswalk, you must not pass and must
parking spot without a placard or plate, you stop behind the vehicle or behind the crosswalk in the
could be charged with a misdemeanor, and adjacent lane if a multi-lane roadway.
if convicted, subject to a $350-$5,000 fine,
possible jail time, loss of driving privileges and/or your car
being impounded. If you park in one of these spaces with
someone else’s placard or plate, you will be subject to jail
time, loss of driving privileges and towing as well as fines
double those listed above.
● Conflict Zones: Broken lines in a bike or bus lane that
PAVEMENT MARKINGS alert drivers and bicyclists that they will be crossing
Lines and symbols on the roadway divide lanes, tell when each other’s path.
you may pass other vehicles or change lanes, indicate which
lanes to use for turns, define pedestrian walkways, and mark LANE CONTROLS
where you must stop for traffic signals or signs. As a general rule, you must drive your vehicle on the right
Yellow lines: Separate traffic moving in opposite directions. half of the road. Use only one lane, do not straddle lanes.
● Broken yellow line: Passing is permitted On roads without marked lanes, drive just to the right of the
● Solid yellow lines: No passing is permitted, unless to center of the road.
pass a bicyclist with a minimum of three feet of space Restricted lanes: One or more lanes may be restricted
when the oncoming travel lane is clear. for special use. Restricted lanes are marked by signs or
● Double solid yellow lines: Neither side can pass,
pavement markings stating that the lane is restricted for
unless to pass a bicyclist with a minimum of three feet special use. There will be a white diamond painted on the
of space when the oncoming travel lane is clear. road within the lane, and/or a sign posted at the side of the
● Solid and broken yellow lines: You may not pass if
road which specifies its use. Some examples are transit or
the solid yellow line is on your side. If the broken yellow bicycle lanes.
line is on your side, you may pass if it is safe to do so.
You must return to your lane before the broken lines Bike lanes: Bike lanes are for the exclusive use of bicyclists
turn solid. You may cross a solid yellow line for a left and other authorized users. These users have the right-of-
turn into an alley, private road or driveway or to pass way in a bike lane and drivers are prohibited from driving,
a bicyclist with a minimum of three feet of space when idling or parking in or otherwise obstructing a bike lane.
such movement can be made safely. A bike lane extends through an intersection regardless of
whether paint connects the bike lane on either side.
Transit lanes: Transit lanes are where a portion of the
street, designated by signs and markings, is reserved for
the preferential or exclusive use of transit vehicles (for
example bus or light rail), sometimes allowing limited use
by other vehicles.

9 Colorado Driver Handbook

High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes: These
lanes are identified by a white diamond painted on
the roadway. Signs will identify the types of vehicles
and the number of occupants required per vehicle
to use the lane.
Two-way left-turn lane (Sometimes also referred to as
center turn lane): This lane is for the exclusive use of left
turning vehicles and may be used by drivers making a left Roundabout lane
turn in either direction. It shall not be used for passing or may be signs posted by the side of the road or overhead.
travel by a driver except to make a left turn. You may stop in Sometimes special lights are used.
this lane until it is safe to complete the turn. When a street
has a shared center turn lane, you may not turn left from any Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI): A diverging diamond
other lane and you may not drive in this lane. interchange crosses traffic to the opposite side of the road across
an interchange so vehicles have uninterrupted movements onto
the freeway ramps. Left-turn movements, which are a typical
challenge with standard four-way interchanges, are eliminated
with a DDI, which allows for fewer conflicts with other vehicles.
RIGHT-OF-WAY
Where drivers or pedestrians meet one another, and there
are no signs or signals to regulate traffic, there are rules
that say who must yield the right-of-way. These rules tell
Unmarked lane: When there are no signs or pavement drivers who proceeds first and who must wait in different
markings to control the use of lanes, drive just to the right traffic situations.
of the center of the road. Do not drive on the shoulder of The law states who must yield the right-of-way, but it does
the road. The same rules for passing and turning on marked not give anyone the right-of-way, even if your traffic signal
roads apply with unmarked roads. is green. You must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians,
Roundabout lane: A roundabout or traffic circle is a bicyclists, and other drivers who are already in an intersection
circular intersection. Vehicles travel to the right around you are approaching.
a raised center island while entering traffic yields the Pedestrians: When driving, you must always the right-of-
right-of-way to circulating traffic. When you approach the way to pedestrians. Be very watchful for children, seniors and
roundabout, read signs and roadway markers to help you people with disabilities. Do not assume that pedestrians can
navigate. Before entering the roundabout, you must yield hear or see you and/or your vehicle or any visual or audible
to approaching traffic on the left. Do not stop completely crossing signals as some pedestrians may be deaf, hard of
unless existing traffic prevents you from merging. Check hearing, deaf-blind or blind. Most blind or deaf-blind people are
crosswalks for any pedestrians. Yield to any pedestrians easily recognized by the white cane they carry and/or by their
waiting to cross. As you enter or leave a roundabout, you guide dog. Pedestrians have the right-of-way at all intersections
must yield to pedestrians or bicyclists in any crosswalk and crosswalks. You must come to a complete
and to any traffic already inside the roundabout. Drive to stop and let the person pass safely.
the right and watch for directional signs and signals. Once
Bicycles: Bicycles on the road are considered
you are clear to proceed, merge into the roundabout lane.
vehicles and have many of the same rights
To alert traffic of your intentions, please use your turn
and responsibilities as motor vehicles. Drivers
signals when changing lanes and exiting the roundabout.
must yield the right-of-way to bicyclists in a
Reversible lanes: Some travel lanes are designed to carry designated bike lane when merging with or
traffic in one direction at certain times and in the opposite crossing a bike lane to turn. Bicyclists riding
direction at other times. These lanes are separated by a on a sidewalk or crosswalk have the same
barrier or marked by double-broken yellow lines. There rights and responsibilities as pedestrians.

Colorado Driver Handbook 10

Four-way stop: You must yield the right-of-way to the extra caution when approaching, overtaking or passing
vehicle that reached the intersection first. When more maintenance vehicles.
than one vehicle reaches the intersection at the same Snow plows: Be especially cautious around snow plows
time, the vehicle on the left must yield the right-of-way because their size and speed can create clouds of blowing
and allow the vehicle on the right to go first. Regardless of snow that can conceal the plow. It is illegal to pass an
who has the right-of-way, you are always responsible for authorized snow plow when it is working in a formation in
avoiding a crash. which the plows are staggered diagonally.
Uncontrolled intersection: An uncontrolled intersection School bus: You must stop your vehicle at least 20 feet
is an intersection that does not have control devices such before reaching a school bus that is stopped with its red
as stop signs or traffic lights. When more than one vehicle lights flashing, and you must stop until the lights stop
reaches an uncontrolled intersection at the same time, the flashing. You must stop whether it is on your side of the
vehicle on the left must yield the right-of-way to the vehicle road, the opposite side of the road or at an intersection
on the right and allow the vehicle on the right to go first. you are approaching. You must remain stopped until the
Turning left: Before proceeding through a left turn, flashing red lights are no longer flashing. Carefully watch
always be sure to look for and yield to pedestrians in the for children near the school bus and children crossing the
crosswalk and other smaller oncoming vehicles such as roadway before proceeding. You are not required to stop if
bicyclists and motorcyclists and take time to properly judge there is a median or other physical barrier separating the
their speed and distance. You must yield to all oncoming bus from your vehicle.
traffic, unless you have a green arrow or arrived first at a Transit buses: You must yield right-of-way to a transit bus if
four-way stop. it is signaling to enter a traffic lane and the yield sign on the
Changing lanes and passing: You must yield the right-of- rear of the bus is illuminated.
way to vehicles already occupying the lane you wish to enter Road work/Construction zone: When driving in a
or use for passing. Do not change lanes if another vehicle work/construction zone, keep construction crews and
must slow down for you. fellow road users safe by adjusting your lane position
Merging: You must yield to all vehicles on the roadway you away from workers and slowing down to navigate
are merging with. Do not merge if another vehicle must slow any obstacles or changes in the flow of traffic with
down for you. caution. Stay alert and prepared to respond to any
Reversing: You must yield the right-of-way to all vehicles unpredictable events.
close enough to be a hazard. For safety reasons, normal speed limits may be reduced in
Narrow mountain road: When vehicles meet on a steep, work/construction zones. Any reduced speed limits will be
narrow road that is not wide enough for two vehicles, the clearly marked. Failure to follow the speed limit in a work/
vehicle going downhill must yield the right-of-way by backing construction zone can result in double fines.
up to a wider place or by stopping, then leaving enough SPEED
space for the vehicle going uphill, except where it is more Speed is the greatest factor influencing the severity of a
practicable for the vehicle going uphill to return to a wider crash. Many fatal collisions on Colorado highways involve
space or turnout. motorists driving to fast.
Emergency vehicles: You must yield the right-of-way to all Limits: Speed limit signs show the maximum speed
emergency vehicles using a siren, air horn and/ or flashing allowed in ideal conditions. Some roads, such as
red, blue, white or yellow lights. Where possible, you must freeways, have minimum speed limits posted. Driving
pull to the right edge of the road and come to a stop. If slower than the minimum speed limit is a traffic violation,
you are in an intersection, drive through the intersection, unless due to road or weather conditions. It is important
then pull over. If you are approaching an emergency to slow down in certain conditions, for example, during
vehicle stopped along the side of the road, try to leave at poor weather, or near railroad tracks, pedestrians or
least one lane between your vehicle and the emergency bicyclists, animals, and school buses. However, driving
vehicle. If the road only has one lane on your side or you much slower than the posted speed in normal conditions
cannot change lanes, slow down to a safe speed and use can affect the flow of traffic and create unpredictable,
care and caution as you pass. Unless directed otherwise potentially unsafe, situations.
by emergency personnel or conditions prohibit the lane Reduced speed zones: Regardless of the posted speed
change, you should slow down to: limit, it may be necessary to reduce your speed to keep
● 25 MPH if the posted speed limit is 45 MPH or less
yourself and others safe. Signs will show when a reduced
Or speed limit is in effect.
● 20 MPH under the posted speed limit if the posted
speed limit is above 45 MPH Unless otherwise posted, Colorado speed limits are
as follows:
Maintenance vehicles: You must yield right of way to ● 20 mph on narrow, winding mountain highways and
service vehicles and maintenance equipment when in blind curves
use and flashing yellow and blue warning lights. Use ● 25 mph in any business district

11 Colorado Driver Handbook

 ● 30 mph in any residence district areas, you must signal continuously for 100 feet before
● 40 mph on open mountain highways making a turn or lane change. On four lane highways
● 45 mph for vehicles in the business of hauling trash where the posted speed limit is faster than 40 mph, you
● 55 mph on urban interstate and highways must signal for 200 feet before making a turn or lane
● 65-75 mph on designated rural interstate and highways change. A typical rule of thumb is to have your turn signal
● City or towns may by ordinance adopt lower speed on for at least 3 seconds before making a turn or changing
limits in their jurisdictions. lanes. If your vehicle’s turn signals do not work, you must
use hand signals. End your hand signal before starting to
Stopping distance: Stopping distance is the distance your turn so that you can complete the turn with both hands on
vehicle travels from the time you realize you must stop the wheel.
until your vehicle actually comes to a stop. Many factors
affect your stopping distance including speed, the time
it takes you to recognize you need to stop, how quickly
you react and the time it takes for your brakes to slow and
stop your vehicle. Be alert and give yourself space behind
other motorists so you can assess well ahead of time
when you will need to stop. By slowing down or changing
lanes, you may not have to stop at all, and if you do, it can
be a more gradual and safer stop. Stopping suddenly is Turning from the proper lane: When turning right you
dangerous and is often the result of a driver who was not should turn from the right most part of your lane and
paying attention or trailing another motorist too closely. If as close to the curb as possible. When turning left you
you brake too quickly, you could skid, lose control of your should be in the left side of your lane. To make a right
vehicle, and/or make it difficult for drivers behind you to turn, you must begin in the right most lane. In locations
stop without hitting you. where turning from more than one lane is permitted, traffic
signs, signals and/or lane markings will clearly indicate
According to the National Safety Council, a lightweight correct turning lanes.
passenger car traveling 55 mph can stop in about 200 feet.
Other vehicles require different stopping distances. The chart Turning in a correct path: Complete your turn in the
below shows stopping distances, under ideal conditions. center of the correct lane on the new roadway — usually
the lane closest to you on your side of the street. In
intersections with multiple turn lanes, use the white lines
in the intersection to identify the correct path. Avoid
short turns (cutting corners), wide turns, late turns and
straddling lanes.
Left turns: Crashes are very common during left turns
as drivers must see, judge and navigate oncoming
traffic and pedestrians also navigating the intersection.
When turning left, you should wait at the stop line or
crosswalk until there is enough of a gap in oncoming
TURNING traffic large enough to allow you to complete your turn
safely. Always look for pedestrians and other smaller
oncoming vehicles such as bicyclists and motorcyclists
and take time to properly judge their speed and distance
before turning left. Pulling into the intersection while
waiting to turn left blocks the intersection for emergency
vehicles, limits visibility for oncoming traffic and puts
Completing a turn properly requires you to signal for an you in a position to get in a collision if the light changes
appropriate amount of time before to the turn, search and oncoming traffic runs the red light while you turn.
for hazards or other road users crossing your path, turn Never turn the front wheels toward the left while you
into and from the correct lane, and turn in a correct path. are waiting to turn. If you are rear ended, you would be
Accelerate out of turns until you reach the speed limit or pushed into oncoming traffic.
flow of traffic.
U-turns: A U-turn is a turn made in a U shape so as
Signaling: Failure to signal is a traffic violation. Before to face in the opposite direction on the same roadway.
making any turn, whether onto another roadway, into a U-turns are forbidden unless they can be made without
parking lot, into another lane of traffic, or leaving a endangering other motorists and their passengers, and
parked position, it is extremely are not allowed in locations marked by No U-turn signs.
important that you signal. If you cannot safely make a U-turn, continue to the next
Your signal lets other drivers, street or turn around area. Never try to make a sudden
bicyclists and pedestrians U-turn in front of traffic traveling in either direction.
know your intentions. In urban

Colorado Driver Handbook 12

Two-point turnabout: In this type of turn, a street, right lane of traffic heading in the new direction. Make sure
alley or driveway is used to reverse the direction you your turn signal has canceled. Continue driving straight in
are traveling when it is not practical or possible to drive the new direction.
around a block. PARKING
Reverse two-point turnabout: Leave the vehicle in park if it has an automatic transmission.
Signal your intention to turn right. If it’s a standard transmission, leave the vehicle in low gear
Stop and check traffic to the sides when headed uphill and in reverse gear when headed
and rear of your vehicle. Move downhill. Set the emergency brake and remember to remove
back until the rear bumper of your the ignition key when leaving the vehicle.
vehicle reaches the near edge There are several locations where you can not to park a
of the driveway. While backing vehicle. These include:
slowly, steer rapidly all the way to ● On a crosswalk, sidewalk, bridge, elevated structure,
the right. As your vehicle centers in
railroad tracks or any controlled access highway
the driveway, straighten the wheels ● Within 30 feet of a traffic signal, stop sign, railroad
and stop. Shift to drive and check in both directions;
crossing or within 15 feet of a fire hydrant
if clear, signal and turn left into the proper lane and ● Within an intersection, tunnel, runaway truck ramp, on/
accelerate.
off ramp or blocking a driveway
Forward two-point turnabout: Check ● In a bike lane
your mirrors and signal your intention
to turn left. Move close to the center of Parallel parking: Stop even with the vehicle ahead. Turn the
the road and turn into the driveway or wheel sharply right and back slowly toward the vehicle behind.
alley as near as possible to the right When clear of the vehicle ahead, turn the wheel sharply to
side. Stop as the rear of your vehicle the left and back slowly toward the vehicle behind. Turn the
clears the curb or the driveway’s edge. wheel sharply right and pull towards the curb in the center of
Check in all directions for traffic, signal the parking space.
a right turn and shift to reverse. When
clear, move back slowly while turning
the steering wheel quickly all the way
to the right. As your vehicle centers in the nearest lane,
straighten the wheels and stop. Then, shift to drive, cancel
the right signal and move forward.
Three-point turnabout: This type of turnabout is used to
reverse direction on a roadway that is too narrow to allow
completion of a U-turn and where there is no way to go
around the block or utilize a two-point turn. Only use a three-
point turnabout on a two-lane roadway.
1 2 3 4 5

To perform a three-point turnabout: Check the mirrors and

activate the right turn signal to communicate your intention
to pull off to the right side of the road. Stop on the right side
of the road.
Activate your left turn signal at least 200 feet before the turn,
or a minimum of three seconds, and check traffic and any
blind spots. When traffic is clear, turn hard left toward the
other side of the road. Stop when you have reached the
other side.
To pull away from a parallel parked position, activate your
Check traffic and blind spots on both sides, then turn the signal, check your mirrors and blind spots, and pull away
wheel sharply to the right and reverse to the other side of the when safe.
road. When traffic is clear, turn hard right to the other side of
Where parallel parking is permitted, your vehicle must
the road and stop. Place your vehicle in drive, activate the
be within 12 inches of the curb or as close as possible
left turn signal and check traffic and blind spots. When traffic
to the outside edge of the shoulder, so traffic will not be
is clear, turn sharply to the left and drive forward into the
blocked or slowed.
13 Colorado Driver Handbook
 Do not merge into traffic until the solid white line has ended.
Do not stop in the acceleration lane unless absolutely
necessary. Remember, you must yield the right-of-way to
freeway traffic.
Some freeway entrance ramps have traffic signals which
make merging easier and improves traffic flow. On metered
ramps, you must stop and wait to be released on a green
light to enter the freeway.
Freeway driving: Freeway driving is different from
driving on a regular street or a highway, mainly because
it is designed to move a greater volume of traffic at faster
speeds. It is important to be aware of your surroundings at
Downhill parking Uphill parking all times.
● Drive in the rightmost lane when you are driving
slower than the normal speed.
● The passing lane (the leftmost lane) is reserved for
passing vehicles in non-passing lanes, left turns and
conditions where the traffic volume does not allow
merging into non-passing lanes.
No Curb parking ● Move over, if it is safe to do so, when approaching a
Downhill: When you stop your vehicle while headed merge area to make room for vehicles entering the
downhill, turn your front wheels toward the curb. Let your freeway.
vehicle roll slowly until the front tire rests against the ● Observe traffic ahead of, around and behind you. Be
curb using it as a block. aware of vehicles traveling in your blind spots.
● Plan ahead, use directional and guidance signs.
Uphill: When headed uphill where there is a curb, turn the
● Signal at least 200 feet before you change lanes,
front wheels away from the curb and let your vehicle roll
backwards slowly until the rear part of the front wheel rests avoid frequent lane changes.
● Do not drive across, over or within any median or island.
against the curb using it as a block.
No curb: When headed uphill without a curb, turn your front Leaving the freeway: When exiting the freeway, use
wheels to the right so that if your vehicle moves, it will roll off the deceleration lane, which is designed to allow you
the highway, not into the roadway. When headed downhill to slow down before reaching the exit ramp. Activate
with no curb, also turn your wheels to the right. your turn signal 200 feet before the beginning of the
FREEWAY DRIVING deceleration lane. Maintain your speed until you enter
High-speed roadways such as freeways can be dangerous the deceleration lane, then slow down to the speed
due to the speeds at which people are driving. It’s important advised for the exit ramp.
to be aware of your surroundings at all times when driving, Remember these important tips when exiting a freeway:
especially on freeways. ● Keep your speed consistent with the flow of traffic while

Entering the freeway: High-speed roadways generally on the freeway.

have acceleration ramps so you can build up speed. When ● Do not exit at the last second.

entering a freeway from an on-ramp, try to increase your ● Slow down after turning into the deceleration lane and

speed to match freeway traffic. do not exceed the posted speed limit for the exit ramp.

CHANGING LANES
Changing lanes includes: changing from one lane to
another, passing another vehicle, merging onto a roadway
from an entrance ramp and entering the roadway from the
curb or shoulder. You must check for hazards or vehicles in
the lane you want to enter. This means you must check for
traffic ahead, to the side and behind your vehicle before you
change lanes.
Be aware of any blind spots, which are areas you cannot
see in your rear view or side view mirrors and are located
slightly to the sides and the rear of your vehicle.
When changing lanes, you should:
Before entering a highway from a side entrance ramp, signal ● Activate your turn signal. Leave it active for a minimum
properly, look for an opening in traffic, accelerate to the of 3 seconds or 200 feet before leaving your lane.
speed of traffic and merge into traffic when it is safe.
Colorado Driver Handbook 14
 ● Check for possible hazards or vehicles in the lane you Before deciding to pass another vehicle, including
want to enter. bicyclists, judge whether you will have enough time
○ Check traffic ahead. and room to pass safely by observing the traffic ahead,
○ Use your mirrors to check for traffic behind your beside and behind you. If you have enough time and
vehicle. space to pass, begin by making a lane change, as
○ Look over your shoulder to check your blind spot, directed above. Accelerate past the vehicle you wish to
which is the area slightly to the rear and side of your pass. When you can see both headlights of the vehicle
vehicle that you cannot see in your mirrors. you passed in the rearview mirror, change one lane to
○ When it is safe, move into the new lane. get back into your previous lane.
○ After you are centered in the new lane check the
If passing a bicyclist, you must have a minimum
mirror for traffic behind you. of three feet of space between the outermost part
● Deactivate your turn signal within 3 seconds of of your vehicle, including any projections such as
completing the lane change. mirrors or trailers, and the bicyclist. You can briefly
cross a solid yellow line when there is no oncoming
traffic and you have a clear view ahead. Be aware of
wind blasts that can knock a bicyclist off their bike
and safely pass by giving them more space on rural
roadways, when operating a large vehicle or driving
in windy conditions.
Do not count on being able to pass several vehicles at once.
To be safe, only pass one vehicle at a time. Do not pass:
● If you cannot safely return to the right-hand side
before coming within 200 feet of an oncoming
vehicle, including a bicyclist in the oncoming lane
or shoulder.
● If you cannot safely return to the right-hand side before
a solid yellow line begins.
● On a curve or hill where your view is obstructed.
● Within 100 feet of an intersection or railroad crossing.
● Within 100 feet of any bridge, viaduct or tunnel when
your view is obstructed.
● A bicyclist unless you can allow a minimum three foot
buffer zone between the bicyclist and your vehicle,
including any projections such as mirrors. If passing
a bicyclist, you may briefly cross a solid yellow when
there is no oncoming traffic and you have a clear
view ahead.
Please note, the following behaviors are illegal when passing:
● Pass in any marked no-passing zones.
● Exceed the posted speed limit when passing.
● Pass a school bus with flashing red lights and its stop
arm extended.
● Pass within 100 feet of any intersection.
● Pass within 100 feet of any railroad crossing.
● Pass on any hill, curve or bridge where vision is obstructed.

HILLS AND CURVES

Hills and curves can hide obstructions in the road, even
How to change lanes while passing another vehicle on familiar roads. Be prepared to stop when approaching
a curve or hill that obscures your view of the road.
PASSING
Signs and road markings indicate areas where you are If you cannot see over the top of a hill, slow down to an
and are not allowed to pass another vehicle. Typically, you appropriate speed until you crest the hill and regain sight of
should pass on the left. You are only allowed to pass on the roadway.
the right on one way streets and on roadways with two or Always slow down before entering a curve. If you go through
more lanes of travel in each direction. You are not allowed a curve too fast, your tires will not be able to grip the road
to pass another vehicle by driving off of the pavement or and your vehicle will skid. Begin your acceleration only after
on the shoulder of a roadway. reaching the middle of the curve.

15 Colorado Driver Handbook

NIGHT DRIVING and can cause complete loss of traction and control of
Driving at dawn and dusk can be more hazardous than steering. Tires that have more wear can be at increased
driving during the day. This is due to limited visibility, the risk so be sure to check your tires’ tread depth regularly. If
limited area illuminated by your headlights and the blinding it feels like your tires have lost traction, or contact with the
effect of headlights with fog lights. Colorado law requires surface of the road:
you to drive with your headlights on from sunset to sunrise ● Take your foot off the gas pedal to allow the vehicle to
or when visibility is less than 1,000 feet. One way to reduce slow down.
risk is to drive with your low beam or daylight running lights ● Slowly begin steering in the direction you are
on at all times. hydroplaning until you have control. (although this
Any vehicle parked alongside the roadway, whether seems contradictory, this actually helps your tires to
attended or not, must have parking lights turned on from realign with your vehicle so they are both going the
sunset to sunrise or whenever visibility is less than 1,000 same direction)
● Steering needs to be slow. Don’t jerk the wheel or you
feet. Do not drive with only your parking lights on.
could flip your car due to overcorrecting.
Tips for driving at night: ● Do not try to stop or turn until your tires are gripping the
● Use your high beam lights when driving in rural
road again.
areas and on open highways away from urban and
metropolitan areas. SNOW AND ICE
● If you are driving with your high beam lights on or your
low beam lights with fog lights on, you must dim them
before coming within 500 feet of any oncoming vehicle
so the oncoming driver is not blinded by the glare.
● When following another vehicle, you must use your
low beam lights, with your fog lights off, if you are
within 200 feet of the vehicle ahead of you.
● Never look directly into an approaching car’s
headlights. As the vehicle draws near, drop your sight
below the glare and use the painted edge lines to Streets and highways covered with snow, snowpack or
guide your vehicle. Lift your gaze back up when you ice are extremely hazardous. They are most hazardous
have passed the oncoming vehicle. when the snow or ice begins to melt. When the road is
● Use your low beam lights and/or fog lights when slippery, your tires do not grip as well and it will take
driving through fog at night for better visibility. Using longer to stop. Overpasses, bridges, shaded areas and
high beam lights in these conditions is like shining snow packed portions of the road can be icy even when
your lights on a mirror. other pavement is not. If you lose traction take your foot
● Increase your following distance when driving at night off both the brake and the accelerator pedal and then
or on unfamiliar roads. turn the front wheels in the direction you want the car
● Be alert to vehicles, including bicyclists, traveling after to go.
sunset without their lights on. Drivers should be extra careful when approaching or
● Slow down and stay alert in poorly lit areas where passing a snowplow or other snow removal equipment
vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists or animals might be that has flashing yellow lights and is clearing snow. It is
traveling. illegal to pass a city, county or state-operated snow plow
● Look for the single front light of bicyclists and while it’s working with its yellow lights flashing and is
motorcyclists traveling at night. driving in tandem with one or more other snow plows.
WEATHER SEASONAL DRIVING
Weather can significantly affect how your vehicle drives ● Vehicles with 4-wheel drive have increased traction, but

regardless of whether your vehicle has front wheel, rear they cannot stop any sooner than a conventional car.
wheel, four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive. In weather ● Whenever your car starts to skid, take your foot off both

conditions such as rain, fog, ice, high winds and dust, the brake and the accelerator pedal.
the two most important actions you can take are to slow ● Make sure your tires have good tread for adequate

your speed and increase your following distance. Some traction. In winter, chains, snow tires or alternative
additional inclement weather driving tips include: traction devices are preferable and may be required on
● Use your headlights if visibility is poor. highways. (However, remember that even chains and
● If the highway is wet or icy, do not use cruise control. snow tires will slip on slick pavement).
● Do not drive through large bodies of standing water on ● Make sure your brakes are in good condition and

the road. If you see a flooded roadway, find another properly adjusted so that the braking power of each
route to get to your destination. wheel is uniform.
● If you have anti-lock brakes: If you begin to skid, let up
In wet weather, your tires can begin to ride on the water that on the accelerator and push on the brake, then turn the
is on top of the road pavement. This is called hydroplaning front wheels in the direction you want the car to go.

Colorado Driver Handbook 16

 ● If you don’t have anti-lock, use threshold braking ● Some rural roads have no guard rails.
when skidding or in slippery conditions. Apply brake ● There are blind driveways, T-intersections, side streets
pressure to a point just short of locking up the brakes. that are not visible due to trees, crops and bushes.
Note: You can use threshold braking on a vehicle with ● There may be obstacles on the road such as
anti-lock brakes, but you cannot use anti-lock braking rocks, debris, animals, farm vehicle crossings,
techniques on a vehicle without an anti-lock brake unmarked railroad crossings and slow moving or
system (ABS). smaller vehicles like bicycles.
● Keep the windows clear by ensuring the defrosters ● Rural road pavements are usually rough and may be in
and windshield wipers are working properly. Use a need of maintenance. In some areas, the rural roads
good window scraper to remove all ice, snow and frost are unpaved (dirt or gravel) resulting in less traction.
even if you are just traveling a short distance. Fogging ● Washboarding, which is a series of potholes that can
or condensation on the inside of the windshield can affect steering and vehicle control, can often be found
quickly be removed by opening a window. on gravel roads.
● Be alert for snow plows and sanding trucks. They use Roads with potholes may cause your vehicle to bounce
flashing yellow and blue lights as a warning for you to or jolt as you drive over them and can cause your tires to
use extreme caution when approaching or passing them. lose traction.
● Maintain an extra large space between you and the
vehicle ahead, especially when driving in conditions Many bicyclist fatalities happen on rural roads due to
that affect stopping distance such as snow and ice higher speeds. Stay alert and watch for bicyclists who
and don’t forget to slow down. might be riding on the shoulder, or riding in the travel
● Give pedestrians and bicyclists extra space because lane if there is no shoulder or it has debris. Slower
they might need to maneuver around snow or ice on speeds and more than the required three feet of passing
sidewalks or in the roadway. distance are also advised when passing bicyclists on
rural roads due to dangerous wind blasts that can cause
MOUNTAIN DRIVING vehicles to hit bicyclists.
Mountain driving can be very different from normal driving CONSTRUCTION ZONES
conditions. As a driver, you should be aware of steep hills, Drivers regularly encounter roadway construction and
changing weather, bicyclists, wildlife and rocks on the maintenance projects, which are designed to improve the
roadway. Shift to lower gears to control speeds when driving safety and efficiency of our transportation systems.
down steep hills or mountains.
Every construction or maintenance project creates a work
It is illegal to use the oncoming travel lane to pass others if zone with equipment, workers and, in some cases, daily
you are approaching the crest of a hill, a curve or in any other changes to the routes. Signs, cones and other warning
situation where visibility of oncoming traffic is obstructed. devices are placed before construction projects and hazards
Be prepared for intersections hidden by trees, brush or crops to warn you about the changing conditions. These changes
and for animals on or near the roadway. If your vehicle has require you to stay alert and focused at all times while
difficulty traveling up steep roadways, pull off the road at the driving. Be prepared to stop suddenly and do not tailgate in
first place you can do so safely or stay in the right lane to a work zone.
allow other vehicles to pass. Remember, vehicles going Large construction projects can have complex work zones with
uphill have the right-of-way over vehicles going downhill. flaggers, portable concrete barriers, complicated directional
signing and reduced speed limits to safely direct you through
the work zone.
For more information on traction and
chain laws, please visit the Colorado Reduced speed limits are critical because they give
Department of Transportation’s website. drivers more time to understand and react to the
information and allow more time to safely drive through
the complex assortment of devices, workers and
equipment. Watch for pedestrians and bicyclists who are
RURAL DRIVING also navigating construction and whose safest routes may
Rural highways are the most dangerous roads and have be compromised.
the highest fatality rate per mile driven of any roads in the
U.S. When driving in rural areas, there are some special Unfortunately, there is no way to completely separate
situations that require your attention: drivers from work zone hazards leaving construction crews
● Rural roads can have a lot of sharp curves, blind unprotected. Not only are these workers dealing with
curves, steep hills and dips. construction dangers associated with heavy equipment,
● Rural roads may not have adequate guide signs, and excavation, power lines and other activities but they are
some of the signs might be hidden by trees or bushes. constantly on guard for drivers that may stray into the
● Rural roads are narrow, which can make it difficult to work area.
pass other vehicles. Increased police enforcement is routinely added to
● Many rural roads have no shoulders. construction projects to ensure drivers understand the

17 Colorado Driver Handbook

importance of complying with work zone signs and Look to the sides: As other vehicles or pedestrians
directions. Like school zones, the fines are doubled in might cross or enter your path at any time, you
work zones. should be looking for them on both sides and beyond
Remember, if you encounter a work zone, for your own the curb.
safety and the safety of the workers: Look behind: You must check traffic behind you in
your rear view mirror every 5 to 8 seconds. This is the
● Pay attention, use extra caution and stay focused on
only way to know if someone is following too closely or
the driving task.
coming up too quickly, and it will give you time to react.
● Obey construction signs, including work zone speed
You need to check more often when traffic is heavy. It
limit signs, and flagger instructions.
is very important to look behind you when you change
● Watch the vehicle in front of you — most work
lanes, slow down, back up, exit an intersection or drive
zone crashes are rear-end collisions due to an
down a long or steep hill.
inattentive driver.
Following another vehicle: Following the vehicle in
Your safety, your passengers’ safety, and the safety of
front of you too closely limits your vision of the road and
these workers depends on you.
does not allow you enough time to react to avoid a crash.
SAFE DRIVING TIPS Remember to stay aware of the vehicle in front of you and
The purpose of this handbook is to keep you and others to maintain an adequate distance between your vehicle
safe. If you obey every roadway rule and regulation, your and theirs.
chances of being involved in collisions will be greatly Three-second rule: Under normal conditions, use
reduced. However, you can’t be certain that other drivers the three-second rule to gauge how much space you
are following every rule and regulation. You should should leave between your vehicle and the vehicle in
always try to drive calmly and ignore aggressive drivers. front of you. Watch the vehicle ahead of you; when
It is important that you become a defensive driver. it passes a reference point (such as a mile marker,
Defensive driving protects you and others from unsafe sign or telephone pole) then count “one-thousand-one,
and unexpected driving situations. one-thousand-two, one-thousand-three.” If you pass
the reference point before you finish counting, you are
Buckle up: Ensure all people in the vehicle fasten their seat following too closely.
belts to help keep everyone safe in the event of a crash. It is also important to consider weather, road conditions,
Using a cell phone while driving: Colorado law prohibits the amount of traffic and time of day, because the
drivers younger than 18 from using a cell phone while stopping distance required is greatly increased.
driving, unless it is to contact law enforcement or the fire Adjusting to traffic: Follow posted speed limits and
department or if it is an emergency. No driver may use a keep pace with traffic in a reasonable and cautious
cell or mobile telephone for text messaging while driving manner to help avoid crashes. Traveling much faster
unless it is to contact law enforcement or fire department or results in frequent passing, increasing the opportunity
it is an emergency. for a crash. Driving considerably slower than other
Steering: Keep both hands on the steering wheel. The most vehicles can also increase unpredictability and
effective hand positions are 8 o’clock and 4 o’clock or 9 compromise safety by causing back-ups and more
o’clock and 3 o’clock. When turning, the preferred methods passing situations.
are the “hand-over-hand” or “push-pull-slide” methods. Do Slow Zones: Places where people or traffic gather that
not turn the wheel with the palm of your hand or let it slide require slower speeds and increased attention:
through your fingers after making a turn.
• Shopping centers • Rush hour traffic
Scanning: To be a good driver you must know what is • Schools • Narrow bridges
happening around your vehicle. You must look ahead, to • Parks/Playgrounds • Toll plazas
the sides, and behind the vehicle. Always look left, right • Residential streets • Rail crossings
and then left again when turning, driving through or entering
What to Do and Expect When Pulled Over by Law
an intersection. Scanning helps you see conditions ahead,
Enforcement: Law Enforcement officers are responsible
such as vehicles and pedestrians that may be on or entering
for conducting traffic stops when they have reasonable
the road, warning signs and signs giving you directions. Be
suspicion of a traffic violation or a criminal violation. Being
sure to look for smaller road users as you scan, including
stopped by an officer can be a stressful experience for the
pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists.
driver, any passengers, and for the officer, too. Knowing
Look ahead: In order to avoid last-minute braking or the what to do during the stop will help ensure your safety and
need to turn abruptly, you should look down the road the safety of others.
at least 10 seconds ahead of your vehicle (city — one
block, open road — half a mile). By looking well ahead When you see emergency lights behind you or hear
and being ready to stop or change lanes, you can drive emergency sirens, it is important for you and your passengers
more safely, save on fuel and help keep traffic moving at to stay calm and cooperate. Remember to:
a steady pace.
Colorado Driver Handbook 18
 ● Activate your turn signal and pull off or to the right SHARING THE ROAD
side of the roadway as soon as it is safe to do so. The Sharing the road means that everyone has a right to use the
officer might request you to pull farther off the roadway road and a responsibility to follow the driving laws and look
and away from moving traffic. out for each other.
● Turn off the engine and any audio devices. A courteous, alert and knowledgeable driver makes our road
● Stay in your vehicle unless directed by the officer to exit. safer for all. Bicycles, motorcycles, buses and trucks operate
● Turn on your interior lights if you are pulled over at night differently. You should keep these differences in mind and
to assist with visibility. Officers may use a spotlight for share the road safely with all Coloradans.
additional visibility.
● Keep your hands on the steering wheel or in a visible Large trucks and buses: Due to their size and weight,
location so they are easily observable. large trucks and buses create unique situations for smaller
● Follow all instructions the officer gives you or your motorists, and particularly, for people outside of cars.
passengers. Trucks and buses require more room than automobiles to
turn, change lanes and perform other driving maneuvers.
The officer may approach either side of the vehicle. When Stay behind white-painted stop bars at stop signs and
the officer approaches the vehicle, remember to: traffic lights because many are carefully measured to give
● Lower the corresponding window so you and the officer trucks the room they need for turns.
can better communicate.
Trucks and buses have blind spots called “No Zones,”
● Let the officer know if you have a weapon in the vehicle
which are areas around trucks/buses where cars
upon first contact, but do not reach for it or attempt to
disappear into blind spots or are so close that they restrict
hand it to the officer.
the truck or bus driver’s ability to stop or maneuver safely.
● Wait for the officer’s instructions before reaching for
Vehicles traveling in No Zones cannot be seen and greatly
your driver’s license or vehicle documents.
increase the potential for a crash.
When conducting the stop, the officer will typically: Points to remember:
● Show their law enforcement credentials if they are not ● Reversing: Do not pass or stop close to a truck/bus

in uniform. If they do not show their credentials, you that is preparing to or is backing up, as the trailer will
may ask to see them. obstruct objects in the No Zone.
● Explain why you were stopped/ask questions about ● Passing: Pass trucks quickly and on the left when

your trip. possible. Since trucks require longer distances to

● Ask for your driver’s license, proof of insurance, and slow down than cars, do not pull in front of a truck or
vehicle registration. If the documents are out of your bus until you can see both headlights on the front of
reach, tell the officer where they are and wait for the the vehicle in your rear view mirror.
officer’s acknowledgement before reaching to retrieve ● Rear blind spots: Trucks and buses have large blind

the documents. spots behind them. Do not tailgate. The driver cannot
see you and it also cuts off your own view of traffic.
In some cases, the officer may: ● Side blind spots: Trucks and buses have much
● Ask you to exit the vehicle. In this case, keep your larger blind spots on both sides than cars. If the
hands visible, exit the vehicle, and stand in a location truck or bus driver needs to make an emergency
as directed by the officer. maneuver or change lanes, they will not be able to
● Impose a sanction such as a warning, traffic ticket see you and it could cause a collision.
which may include a fine, or arrest. The officer will ● Wide turns: Because of their size, trucks and

typically explain whatever action is being taken. If they buses often need to move to the left lane to make
do not, you may ask them to do so. right turns. Cutting in between the truck or bus and
the curb or shoulder increases the possibility of a
If you have questions, respectfully ask the officer to clarify. If collision.
you disagree with the officer’s decision or course of action, ● Runaway truck ramps: Occasionally trucks and
do not prolong the contact by arguing with the officer. Rather, buses lose their ability to brake. Runaway truck
you may seek to contest the decision in court through ramps were built to prevent serious crashes from out
established legal channels. Your acceptance and signature of control vehicles. Never chain up, change a tire or
on a traffic ticket is not an admission of guilt. However, the park on the ramp or the entrance -- it’s both illegal
refusal to sign a traffic ticket may result in your arrest. and unsafe. One sign of a runaway truck or bus is
smoke coming from the brakes. Get out of the way
If you believe the officer acted inappropriately or have
and do not get in front of the truck or bus.
questions regarding their conduct you may request to speak
to a supervisor. This is best done as soon as possible after Bus-related tips include:
the stop. ● Buses frequently stop. Stay alert when driving behind
a bus to allow for smooth and safe stopping of your
Following these procedures can help make a traffic stop a
vehicle.
safe experience for all parties involved. ● If you are passing a stopped bus, use care because the

19 Colorado Driver Handbook

 bus may start to move out into your lane of traffic. four or more lanes with a median
● Buses have the right-of-way when leaving a drop-off separating the traffic, only the
location and merging into traffic. vehicles traveling in both lanes
● Look for pedestrians who might be exiting or waiting to behind the school bus must stop,
board the bus. and not the traffic traveling in the
● Watch for people walking and loading bikes in front of opposite direction.
the bus. If you are traveling on a two-lane
School Buses: Use caution when driving near school roadway, traffic in both directions are required to stop. If you
buses, especially in neighborhoods and school zones, as are traveling on a four-lane road without a median, traffic in
these areas are likely to have students getting on and off as both directions must stop.
well as crossing roads. Colorado Driver Handbook If you are traveling on a highway that has five or more lanes
with a shared center turn lane, only the vehicle in both
lanes behind the school bus must come to a complete stop.
In this case, vehicles traveling in the opposite direction are
not legally required to stop.
Violating school bus traffic laws has serious legal
consequences.
RAILROAD CROSSING
When approaching a railroad crossing, be cautious
because a train can arrive at any time, day or night.
Obey all warning devices, lights, gates and signs. When
approaching a railroad crossing that is not marked with
flashing lights or gates you should stop (if necessary)
before reaching the crossing, to check for approaching
trains. Never stop on the tracks. Stopping on the tracks
is illegal and very dangerous. Do not drive onto the
crossing until you are sure the tracks are clear and
you have enough room on the other side of the tracks
to clear a train, especially when there are multiple
tracks as there may be a second train. If your vehicle
stalls on a crossing, get everyone out and immediately
move as far away as possible, even if you do not see a
train approaching. Call the phone number on the blue
arm activates. Emergency Notification Sign located near the crossbuck
Overhead Yellow Warning Lights: When a school bus is sign or contact local law enforcement.
Stop and remain stopped until the bus driver retracts
about to stop and load or unload children, the bus driver
the stop arm and deactivates the red warning lights. Take time to properly judge the train’s speed and distance.
activates amber warning lights. The yellow warning lights will
Vehicles must stop no less than 20 feet from the front Because of its large size, a train appears to be moving
stay on until the bus door opens.
or rear bumper of the school bus. much slower than it appears. The average freight train
Overhead
You Must Red
Stop:STOP Lights/STOP
Not stopping whenArm: When the
approaching or bus traveling at 55 mph requires about one mile to stop.
driver opensa the
overtaking busbus
school door, the has
which red stop
STOP lights
lights onand
andSTOP
the
arm
stopactivates.
arm extended is unlawful. Advance warning signs: A railroad crossing is ahead. The
Motorists should warning sign is at a sufficient distance to allow you to stop (if
Stop CAUTION:
and remain stopped untiluse
theextreme
bus driver care when the
retracts necessary) before reaching the crossing. It is the only round
near a stopped school bus because
stop arm and deactivates the red warning lights. children are likely to
dart from the bus’s front or rear. traffic sign.
Vehicles must stop
13.5 BICYCLES ANDno less than 20 feet from the front or rear
MOTORCYCLES Pavement markings: Consists of an “R X R” and a stop
bumper of the school bus.
Motorists must lookout for cyclists and anticipate their line and may be painted on the pavement in front of a
You Must
sudden andStop: It is illegal
unexpected and dangerous to not stop when
moves. crossing. Always stay behind the painted stop line while
a school bus has its attitude
A share-the-road stop lights on and
is the beststop
policy arm
to extended.
promote waiting for a passing train. If no line is visible, you must be
safe highways in Colorado.
Always be alert for students on or near the roadway when a at least 10 feet from the tracks. Trains overhang the tracks
The bus
school mostiscommon
stopped.motorist-caused car-bicycle or car- by 3 feet.
motorcycle collision is a motorist turning left in front of Quiet Zone signs: Crossings in designated quiet zones
Ifanaoncoming
school bus displays
bicycle alternating
or motorcycle. flashing
Drivers may failred light
to see
signals, will have a “No Train Horn” sign posted below the
cyclists or a driver may fail to judge the speed of oncomingat
visible from the front or rear, you must stop
Advance Warning signs. Train horns do not blow at these
least 20 As
cyclists. feet before
a driver, reachingtothe
remember lookbus. Do notatproceed
for cyclists the
until the flashing red lights stop, and thenlook
proceed crossings. The flashing lights and gates warn you of an
right side of the lane or on the shoulder and then approaching train.
with
again.caution.
Make sure you see the cyclist and know their speed
If you you
before are make your left
traveling on turn.
a divided highway that has Crossbuck signs: These signs should be treated the
Bicycles travel in the same direction as motor vehicles same as a yield sign. If there is more than one track, a
and are entitled to the full lane when traveling at the
Colorado Driver Handbook 20
normal speed of traffic. Bicycles are “vehicles” under
state law. Per C.R.S. 42-4-1412, bicyclists have the same
sign below the Crossbuck indicates the number of tracks
at this crossing. They normally serve as caution signs, but
become regulatory when a train approaches.
Commercial buses and trucks carrying hazardous
materials must stop at most railroad crossings. Be
prepared to stop if you are following one of these vehicles
approaching a crossing. Driver safety tips: Each light rail car weighs up to 40 tons
and can’t stop quickly. Remember these important tips while
Flashing light signals: Always stop when the lights flash.
driving in a light rail area:
Do not attempt to cross until the lights have stopped flashing.
● Never turn in front of an approaching LRV.
Gates: Gates are used with flashing light signals at certain ● Never turn across a set of light rail tracks without
crossings. Do not cross until the gates are raised and the checking in all directions.
lights have stopped flashing. While the gates are down, the ● Watch for people getting on and off a stopped LRV.
road is closed. ● Be especially alert in light rail areas as nearby

Emergency Notification System (ENS) sign: All buildings and foliage can make it difficult for motorists
public highway-rail grade crossings have BLUE colored to see LRVs.
Emergency Notification System (ENS) signs that provide a ● Some light rail crossing areas can have regular traffic

24/7/365 telephone number to call for reporting problems lights to communicate with motorists. Some have
or emergencies at railroad crossing locations. The ENS warning lights and some have gates with railroad type
signs are typically located on the railroad crossing posts traffic arms. All these signals mean the same thing:
below the crossbuck. The ENS signs are for emergencies Stop and do not cross the tracks.
that would require stopping a train due to an obstruction ● Never drive around traffic gates, even if an LRV has

or any other problem at or near the crossing. By providing just passed. Another vehicle might be coming from the
the DOT (X-ING) crossing number located on the sign, other direction.
the railroad dispatcher knows exactly where the crossing ● Be aware of your vehicle height. Overhead wires are a

is and can quickly notify trains moving in that direction standard height of 18 feet, 6 inches above the center
to stop before to the crossing or location of the problem of the tracks. Always assume a wire hanging from
when possible. overhead catenary is electrified so never touch the wire
or anything it is touching.
LIGHT RAIL
Pay close attention to special traffic warning signs in
connection with light rail.
If you find a wire hanging from overhead or if you think any
safety devices are malfunctioning, please call 911 or RTD at
303-299-6000 and report the situation.
BICYCLISTS
Bicycles are considered vehicles on the roadway. People
on bikes have many of the same rights, privileges and
responsibilities as motorists, and they are generally
required to follow the same rules of the road (see earlier
sections for bike-specific pavement markings, signs
and signals). Check your local ordinances for any laws
that apply differently to bicyclists; for example, in some
communities, bicyclists are allowed to ride on sidewalks
and in crosswalks where they have the same rights,
privileges and responsibilities as pedestrians.
Drivers must be alert, actively look for bicyclists and be
cautious when approaching or passing bicyclists because
The Regional Transportation District (RTD) has Light Rail bicycles are smaller and bicyclists are more vulnerable than
Vehicles (LRV) in its mass-transit fleet in the Denver people inside of motor vehicles. Like motorists, bicyclists
Metropolitan area. In some areas, LRVs will operate on have different levels of experience and skills, and some
streets in the same direction as other motor vehicles. In bicyclists are children. Keep these characteristics in mind
other areas, LRVs will operate in the opposite direction as you look for and approach people biking.
from other traffic. The LRVs are governed by all traffic
signals and signs and have the same rights and Regardless of how we travel, everyone has a responsibility
responsibilities as other motorists when operating on the to help keep others safe and avoid crashes. Below are some
streets. They also require additional attention from laws and practices drivers should follow to interact safely
everyone on the road. with people on bikes.

21 Colorado Driver Handbook

 Conviction How to prevent

Motorist turning left in front of an Look for oncoming motorcyclists riding on the shoulder, edge of the lane or behind other
oncoming bicyclist oncoming vehicles and take time to accurately judge their distance and speed before turning

Motorist or motorcyclists running a

Stop first, then proceed into intersection after looking for and yielding to others
stop sign or stop signal

Motorist opening a vehicle door

Always check behind you before opening a door into the roadway and try opening the door
without looking behind for a passing
with your arm opposite the door
motorcyclists or vehicle

Motorist turning right in front of a Yield and let the cyclist clear the intersection first and make turns from close to the curb to
motorcyclists traveling straight prevent a cyclist approaching from behind from passing unsafely on your right

Motorist pulling out from a driveway

Check both directions and beyond the curb or driveway when crossing a sidewalk, bike path,
and failing to look for a motorcyclists
or road
on road or sidewalk
Conflict Zone when one is present. This helps prevent
crashes with bicyclists who are approaching from
For specific Colorado Bicycle laws, behind and may otherwise try to pass on your right.
see the Statewide Bicycle Manual. ● Do not force a bicyclist off the road, this constitutes
aggressive driving and has legal consequences.
● A new law was passed in 2022 which states when an
intersection is clear and a bicyclist already has the
Colorado laws regarding motorists and bicyclists: right-of-way, bicyclists ages 15 and older may now
● Bicyclists should ride as far to the right as judged safe.
treat stop signs as yield signs and treat stop lights as
Be aware that bicyclists may ride in the center of the stop signs.
travel lane to increase their visibility and safety. Bicyclists
Additional practices to avoid crashes and help keep
may choose to ride in the center of the travel lane on
bicyclists safe:
narrow roads or to avoid obstacles such as the door
● Treat people on bikes as drivers of vehicles who have a
zone of parked cars, broken glass or drainage grates.
● When passing bicyclists, including those in a bike
right to the road, and who are also more vulnerable.
● Take the time to actively look for people on bikes and to
lane, motorists are required to give a minimum of
accurately judge their speed and distance.
three feet from the outermost part of their vehicle or
● Although bicyclists are required to ride in the same
any attachments. It is legal to cross a double yellow
direction as motor vehicles, look for them riding
line with no oncoming traffic if necessary to provide a
anywhere on the roadway.
minimum of three feet of passing distance. If you are
● Leave more than three feet of passing distance when
unable to give three feet, slow down and remain behind
driving larger vehicles or in rural or windy conditions to
the bicyclist until it is safe to pass.
● Bicyclists may ride side-by-side if they are not impeding
avoid dangerous wind blasts.
● Do not turn sharply, slow down or stop abruptly in
the normal and reasonable movement of traffic. This
front of a bicyclist. A motor vehicle’s brakes are more
can help them be more visible to drivers and decrease
powerful than a bicycle’s and you could cause a crash.
the time it takes to pass a group of bicyclists.
● Be particularly careful around bicyclists when
● Yield to bicyclists in intersections as you would for
the roadway is wet or covered with debris. These
pedestrians and other vehicles.
● People on bikes have the right-of-way in a bike lane, and
conditions affect people on bicycles much more than
people in vehicles.
bike lanes continue through intersections, regardless of
● When parked on the street, check to the sides and rear
whether or not paint extends through the intersection.
● Do not stop, park or drive on a designated bicycle path
for bicyclists before you open your vehicle door. Use your
hand closest to the center of the vehicle to open your
or lane. Impeding bicycle traffic in a bike lane forces
door, a behavior commonly known as the “Dutch Reach.”
bicyclists to ride into the main travel lane and can put
● Check for bicyclists in your path and blind spots before
them in an unsafe situation. You may cross a bike
backing up, changing lanes or turning.
lane when turning, entering or leaving another road,
● Before making a left turn, actively look for people
driveway or alley.
● People on bikes may ride outside of a bike lane.
biking on the right side or on the shoulder and take
● Always use your turn signal to communicate before
time to accurately judge their distance and speed
before turning.
turning and keep it off when traveling straight.
● When driving alongside a bicyclist and preparing to
● On a multi-lane, one-way street, know that a bicyclist
turn right, slow down, yield and let the bicyclist clear
can ride on the right or left side of the roadway.
● Make right turns from close to the curb and from a
the intersection before making your turn.

Colorado Driver Handbook 22

 ● Before turning right at a red light where it is legal, vehicle or any visual or audible crossing signals as
come to a complete stop. Look for bicyclists behind some pedestrians may be deaf, hard of hearing, deaf-
or next to your vehicle, making a left turn from the blind, or blind.
opposite side of the street or traveling in the lane with ● Follow the speed limit or drive at a slower speed when
which you plan to merge. necessary to help you to see and respond to pedestrians.
● Avoid sounding your horn close to bicyclists unless ● Remember, some pedestrians like children or people
there is an immediate risk of a crash. Using your horn using wheelchairs have a lower profile.
may startle a bicyclist and cause them to crash. ● Pedestrians have the right-of-way at all intersections
and crosswalks, even if the lines are not marked or
Hand signals for bicyclists: painted. Drivers must yield or come to a complete stop
● Bicyclists are required
to let pedestrians pass safely.
to use hand signals, as ● Look for pedestrians at all intersections, especially if
shown, when turning you are turning.
and stopping. However, ● While turning at a red light, make sure you are in the
they may be unable to signal if their skill level or road correct lane and come to a complete stop. Check for
or traffic conditions require them to keep both hands pedestrians in all directions to make sure your path is
on the handlebars. Look for other clues of a bicyclist’s clear before moving forward to check for vehicle traffic.
intent, such as turning their head or looking over their ● Do not stop with any portion of your vehicle covering
shoulder before changing lane position. the crosswalk area.
● For a right turn, extend the right arm straight out or left ● Watch for pedestrians entering or exiting their cars
arm upward at a right angle. For a left turn, extend the while passing parked vehicles.
left arm directly out to the left. ● Drive very cautiously around schools, parks, parking
● If slowing or stopping, drop the left arm down at
lots, bus stops and special events where pedestrians
the elbow. are likely to be present.
● Never pass vehicles stopped at a crosswalk
MOTORCYCLES
because the driver may be stopping for pedestrians
Motorcyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as
that you can’t see.
other drivers. With minimal crash protection, motorcyclists ● Check blind spots and mirrors while backing your car
are very vulnerable to injury, even death, when hit by a
out of a parking space or driveway.
larger vehicle.
Motorcyclists are entitled to the same full lane width as CARELESS/RECKLESS DRIVING
other vehicles. Motorcyclists frequently move around in Sharing the road is important not only for your safety and the
their lane so they can see, be seen and avoid road hazards. safety of others, it is the law.
Also, be aware that strong winds can unexpectedly move
a motorcycle out of its lane. There are some additional Distracted Driving: Drivers younger than age 18 are not
situations and conditions you need to be aware of so you allowed to use a cell phone while driving; even hands free
can safely share the road with motorcyclists: usage is prohibited. If you drive carelessly because you were
texting, or using your cell phone for any other manual entry,
● Motorcycles are smaller than other motor vehicles, you could be fined or charged with a misdemeanor. Pull off the
harder to see and can move faster and stop quicker road to a safe area for longer cell phone conversations or to
than expected. control children. Because many drugs, including alcohol and
● Road defects and debris can create dangers for marijuana, reduce a driver’s ability to manage multiple tasks,
motorcyclists. distractions that could be merely hazardous for a normal driver
● Watch for motorcyclists, use extra caution when driving may pose a life-threatening danger to the impaired driver as
around them and increase your following distance. well as other drivers and pedestrians. Do not attempt to eat
Avoiding Collisions: Drivers can help to prevent or drink, read, smoke or vape, apply makeup, or adjust the
collisions with motorcyclists by knowing the most common music while you are driving. In the time it takes to change
causes of motorist-motorcyclist collisions below and how radio stations, lives can be changed forever.
to avoid them. Aggressive driving: Aggressive driving is any behind-
PEDESTRIANS the-wheel behavior that places others and/or property in
Pedestrians are the most vulnerable users of our danger through willful action without regard to safety.
roadways. They are people who are standing, walking, Reckless driving: Reckless driving is operating a
running or using mobility aids on public streets, highways vehicle in such a way that puts either people or property
and private property. As a driver, it is your responsibility in danger, whether intentional or not.
to watch out for pedestrians because motor vehicles are
If a law enforcement officer notes your actions as
heavy objects that can cause serious injuries or death.
endangering another person or property (including the
Here are some more things to remember to help keep
other motorist’s vehicle) you can be charged under
pedestrians safe:
Colorado’s reckless driving statute and if convicted, up to
● Do not assume that pedestrians can hear or see your
eight points can be assessed against your driving record.
23 Colorado Driver Handbook
Acts such as tailgating another driver, passing on the shoulder TIPS TO AVOID BECOMING AN AGGRESSIVE DRIVER
or running a red light could be seen by a law enforcement Leave early for any trip. Too frequently people don’t allow
officer as aggressive if the officer believes the action is willful enough time to get where they want on time. Expect others
and places others in danger. A combination of acts, such to make mistakes. Keep calm. Don’t transfer the anger you
as speeding, cutting off other vehicles, swerving toward may feel from other situations into your driving. Let people
another motorist, honking, flashing headlights, yelling and merge, even if they’ve done something uncourteous. Don’t
using inappropriate hand gestures can also be considered make their problem your problem.
aggressive driving. EMERGENCIES
Some acts, such as displaying a weapon at another motorist, Should a driver encounter an emergency situation, being
bumping or ramming another vehicle or high speed pursuit prepared and knowing how to respond can minimize the
of a vehicle can result in criminal charges beyond a reckless chance of more serious outcomes.
driving charge. Avoiding collisions: When it looks like a collision may
Protecting yourself from aggressive drivers: To protect happen, many drivers panic and fail to act or act in a way
yourself from an aggressive driver, don’t engage with that that does not reduce the chance of the collision. There
driver. Avoid eye contact and don’t attempt to match an almost always is something you can do to avoid the crash or
aggressive act. If the other driver is angry, back off, give reduce the results of the crash.
way to the other driver and let the aggressive driver go. To avoid a collision, drivers have three options:
A few seconds engaged with an aggressive driver could ● Slow down or stop
change your life, or the lives of the loved ones riding with ● Turn
you - forever. ● Speed up
Reporting aggressive or impaired drivers: Dial *CSP
(*277) to report aggressive drivers. The Colorado State Patrol Stopping quickly: Most vehicles have an Anti-lock Braking
has set aside this special cellphone number for motorists System (ABS) that will help you stop without skidding. Be
and bicyclists to use in reporting aggressive drivers. The call sure to read the vehicle owner’s manual on how to use the
will be handled by the closest state patrol trooper, or will ABS. In general, if you need to stop quickly:
be referred to a participating local law enforcement agency. ● With ABS: Apply the brakes with hard, firm pressure.
There is no charge for the call. You might feel the brake pedal pushing back when
Could I become an aggressive driver?: Anyone is the ABS is working. Do not let up on the brake pedal.
capable of becoming an aggressive driver. Some drivers The ABS system will only work with the brake pedal
may be more likely to become aggressive. Here are pushed down.
some questions to see if you have a greater potential to ● Without ABS: You can cause the vehicle to go into a
become an aggressive driver. Take a few minutes to ask skid if you brake too hard. Apply the brakes as hard
yourself these questions and be honest with yourself. as you can without locking them. If the brakes lock up,
Do you: you will feel the vehicle start to skid. Slightly let up on
the brake pedal. As soon as the vehicle stops skidding,
● Mentally condemn other drivers as incompetent or
press the brake pedal again. Keep doing this until the
stupid?
vehicle has stopped.
● Make negative comments about other drivers to your
passengers? Turning quickly: In most cases, you can turn the vehicle
● Close up space to stop other motorists from merging or quicker than you can stop it. You should consider turning in
changing lanes? order to avoid a collision if it does not risk causing another
● Prevent another driver from passing? collision. Make sure you have a good grip with both hands
● Tailgate a driver to get them to speed up or get out of on the steering wheel. Once you have turned away or
your way? changed lanes, you must be ready to keep the vehicle
● Angrily speed past another driver? under control.
● Run a stop sign, red light or other traffic control device ● With ABS: One aspect of having ABS is that you can
out of frustration or anger? turn your vehicle while braking without skidding. This is
● Honk or yell at someone to express your anger or very helpful if you must turn and stop or slow down.
frustration? ● Without ABS: If you do not have ABS, you must use
● Make an obscene gesture at another driver? a different procedure to turn quickly. Step on the brake
● Pursue another vehicle to express your anger? pedal, but then let up and turn the steering wheel.
● Deliberately bump or ram another vehicle? Braking will slow the vehicle some, the brake should be
● Exit your vehicle to teach the other driver a lesson released before making an evasive turn. Do not lock up
through either a verbal exchange or physical the front wheels while braking or turn so sharply that
confrontation? the vehicle can only plow ahead.
● Think about physically attacking another driver? ● Another consideration is that generally it is better to run
If you answered yes to any of these questions, even just a off the road than to crash head-on into another vehicle.
couple, you may be at risk to become an aggressive driver.

Colorado Driver Handbook 24

Speeding up: Sometimes it is necessary, to speed up to Jammed gas pedal: Keep your eyes on the road. Quickly
avoid a collision. This may happen when another vehicle is shift to neutral. Pull off the road when safe to do so. Turn off
about to hit you from the side or from behind and there is the engine.
room to the front of you to get out of danger. Be sure to slow CRASH TIPS
down once the danger has passed. Providing insurance information after a crash: If
Animals: Always stay alert for animals in or near the you are involved in a crash, you must provide proof of
roadway, particularly in rural and mountainous regions insurance to law enforcement at the scene of the crash,
and between dusk and dawn when or at the police station.
approximately 90% of crashes with The duties of occupants of vehicles involved in
deer and elk occur. Upon entering a crashes resulting in personal injury: If you are a
designated animal crossing, the first passenger in a vehicle involved in a crash where the
precaution should be to slow down driver is physically incapable of reporting the crash you
and look for animals. are required to report the crash and, if directed by law
If there are animals near the enforcement, to remain at the scene of the collision until
roadway, slow down and proceed the law enforcement arrives.
with extreme caution. There may be In the event of a crash you should:
occasions when an animal suddenly ● Stop immediately and never leave the scene.
runs in front of your vehicle which ● Check for injuries and where practical render
can present a hazard, particularly
reasonable assistance.
large game animals that may cause the motorist to take ● Call law enforcement and emergency personnel.
drastic evasive action to prevent a collision that may result ● Exchange name, address, phone numbers, registration
in losing control of the vehicle. This may result in a more
and insurance information.
serious crash than if the vehicle collided with the animal.
Regretfully, the safest alternative for passengers may be Under Accident Alert Status (defined as those times when
hitting the animal. Concentrate on retaining control of weather conditions are so severe that law enforcement
the vehicle before, during, and after the collision with the officers are unable to respond to the large volume of motor
animal. vehicle crashes): If alcohol and drugs are not involved, there
VEHICLE EMERGENCIES are no injuries and all vehicles are still drivable, exchange
Following the recommended vehicle maintenance schedule name, address, phone numbers, registration and insurance
in the vehicle owner’s manual greatly reduces the chance information. You must file an accident report with law
that a vehicle will have a problem. The following section enforcement within 24 hours.
notes some possible vehicle failures and what you can do Involving a parked car: If a crash involves a parked car and
if they happen. you cannot find the owner, call law enforcement and leave a
Brake failure: Take your foot off the accelerator. Pump note in a place where the owner of the car can find it.
the brake pedal several times. This will often build up Move It Law: State law requires motorists involved in a
enough brake pressure to allow you to stop. If that does minor crash on a divided highway to move their vehicles off
not work, use the parking brake. Pull on the parking brake the highway when:
handle or push on the parking brake pedal slowly so you
will not lock the rear wheels and cause a skid. Be ready to ● The vehicle is drivable.
release the brake if the vehicle starts to skid. If that does ● No drugs or alcohol are involved.
not work, shift to lower gears and look for a safe place to ● There are no injuries.
slow to a stop. Make sure the car is off the roadway. Don’t
Once at a safe location, drivers can notify law enforcement
drive the vehicle without brakes.
and exchange information. Law Enforcement and
Tire blowout: Hold the steering wheel tightly, and keep the insurance companies will not penalize you for moving
vehicle going straight as you slow down gradually. Take your your car off the road.
foot off the gas pedal and use the brakes lightly. Do not stop
Move Over Law: When you see stopped emergency
on the road if possible. Once you have slowed, pull off the
vehicles on highways with flashing emergency lights in an
road in a safe place.
adjacent lane, you must move over one lane, if you can
Power failure: Keep a strong grip on the steering wheel. Be do so safely. If it is not safe or you are traveling on a road
aware that the steering may be difficult to turn but you can that is one lane in each direction, you must slow down.
turn it. Pull off the roadway. The brakes will still work but you Colorado’s Move Over law protects law enforcement,
may have to push very hard on the brake pedal. fire, maintenance, other emergency personnel, tow truck
Headlight failure: Pull off the road as soon as possible. Try drivers and you.
the headlight switch a few times. If that does not work, put First aid: Good Samaritan laws were developed to
on the emergency flashers, turn signals or fog lights, if you encourage people to help others in emergency situations.
have them. They require that the “Good Samaritan use common sense

25 Colorado Driver Handbook

and a reasonable level of skill, not to exceed the scope
of the individual’s training in emergency situations.” They
assume each person would do best to save a life or prevent
further injury.
When you respond to an emergency and act as a reasonable
and prudent person would under the same conditions, Good
Samaritan immunity generally prevails. This legal immunity
protects you, as a rescuer, from being sued and found Donate Life Colorado Organ and Tissue Donor Registry
financially responsible for the victims’ injury. For example, a
When applying for or renewing a Colorado driver license,
reasonable and prudent person would:
permit or ID, you will be asked two important questions
● Move a victim only if the victim’s life is in danger. regarding organ and tissue donation.
● Ask a conscious victim for permission before ●  ould you like to sign up as an organ, eye and tissue
W
giving care.
donor?
● Check the victim for life threatening emergencies
before providing further care. Signing up as an organ, eye and tissue donor means you
● Summon professional help to the scene by calling have made the decision to donate your organs and tissues
the local emergency number or the operator and at the time of your death. In Colorado, there are nearly
continue to provide care until more highly trained 1,500 people waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant and
personnel arrive. thousands more in need of lifesaving and healing tissues.
If you say Yes, a heart with a “Y” will appear on the front
of your license, permit or ID. Your name will be added
automatically to the Donate Life Colorado Organ and
Tissue Donor Registry. When you sign up as an organ,
eye and tissue donor, your registration remains in effect
unless you change it. The donor registry is managed by
Donor Alliance, a non-profit, federally-designated organ
and tissue recovery agency, and is accessible only to
authorized donation personnel.
● Would you like to donate to the Emily Keyes-
John W. Buckner Organ and Tissue Donation
Awareness Fund?
Another way for you to support organ and tissue donation
is to make a voluntary monetary contribution to the Emily
Keyes-John W. Buckner Organ and Tissue Donation
Awareness Fund. Your contributions to the fund go directly
to public outreach and education about organ and tissue
donation. Informational brochures are available at all
Colorado driver license offices. For more information, call
Donor Alliance at 303-329-4747 or 888-868-4747 or visit
www.DonateLifeColorado.org.

Colorado Driver Handbook 26

 Colorado Driver Handbook

Saving Lives Through Organ, Eye and Tissue Donation: One of the most important decisions your teen will
make.

CONNOR
ARVADA, CO
Heart recipient

Saying Yes to Donation

Can Save a Life Like Connor’s.
Connor was just 13 when he received his new heart thanks to his heroic donor.
Say yes to organ, eye and tissue donation and discuss your decision with your family.

» Nearly 1,500 people in Colorado » Your decision to be a donor will

are waiting for a lifesaving organ not affect medical care. Doctors
transplant. and nurses caring for you before

» Every 9 minutes someone is death are not involved in the

donation process.
added to the national transplant
waiting list. » Anyone - regardless of age or
medical condition - can register
» Just one donor can save up to as a donor. Patients with chronic
eight lives through organ donation
conditions such as diabetes and
and save and heal more than 75
lives through eye and tissue hepatitis can potentially save and
donation. heal lives through donation.

35 Learn more and register at DonateLifeColorado.org

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