Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 7 views

    Lab 1 Manual

    Uploaded by

    ha03234518218
    This lab manual covers experiments to study the operation and use of common electrical measurement instruments, including ammeters, voltmeters, and multimeters. The experiments involve setting up simple circuits using a power supply, resistor, and one of these instruments. Students will make current, voltage, and resistance measurements and perform calculations using Ohm's law. The goal is for students to understand how each instrument works and be able to use them properly while following safety precautions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab 1 Manual

    Uploaded by

    ha03234518218
    7 views5 pages
    This lab manual covers experiments to study the operation and use of common electrical measurement instruments, including ammeters, voltmeters, and multimeters. The experiments involve setting up simple circuits using a power supply, resistor, and one of these instruments. Students will make current, voltage, and resistance measurements and perform calculations using Ohm's law. The goal is for students to understand how each instrument works and be able to use them properly while following safety precautions.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This lab manual covers experiments to study the operation and use of common electrical measurement instruments, including ammeters, voltmeters, and multimeters. The experiments involve setting up simple circuits using a power supply, resistor, and one of these instruments. Students will make current, voltage, and resistance measurements and perform calculations using Ohm's law. The goal is for students to understand how each instrument works and be able to use them properly while following safety precautions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views5 pages

    Lab 1 Manual

    Uploaded by

    ha03234518218
    This lab manual covers experiments to study the operation and use of common electrical measurement instruments, including ammeters, voltmeters, and multimeters. The experiments involve setting up simple circuits using a power supply, resistor, and one of these instruments. Students will make current, voltage, and resistance measurements and perform calculations using Ohm's law. The goal is for students to understand how each instrument works and be able to use them properly while following safety precautions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Lab-1 Manual:

    Study of Ammeter, Voltmeter, and


    Multimeter
    Table of Contents
    1. Introduction
    - 1.1 Objectives
    - 1.2 Theory
    - 1.3 Equipment and Materials

    2. Experiment 1: Study of Ammeter


    - 2.1 Procedure
    - 2.2 Observations
    - 2.3 Calculations
    - 2.4 Conclusion

    3. Experiment 2: Study of Voltmeter


    - 3.1 Procedure
    - 3.2 Observations
    - 3.3 Calculations
    - 3.4 Conclusion

    4. Experiment 3: Study of Multimeter


    - 4.1 Procedure
    - 4.2 Observations
    - 4.3 Calculations
    - 4.4 Conclusion

    5. Safety Precautions

    1. Introduction

    1.1 Objectives

    The objective of this laboratory manual is to familiarize students with the operation and use
    of common electrical measurement instruments, specifically ammeters, voltmeters, and
    multimeters. By the end of this lab, students should be able to:

    - Understand the principles of operation of ammeters, voltmeters, and multimeters.


    - Use ammeters to measure current in a circuit.
    - Use voltmeters to measure voltage across various components in a circuit.
    - Operate multimeters in both ammeter and voltmeter modes.
    - Practice proper safety precautions when working with electrical instruments.
    1.2 Theory

    Ammeter:
    An ammeter is an instrument used to measure electric current in a circuit. It is always
    connected in series with the circuit under test and has very low resistance to minimize any
    voltage drop. Ammeters are typically calibrated in amperes (A).

    Voltmeter:
    A voltmeter is used to measure the voltage difference between two points in an electrical
    circuit. It is always connected in parallel with the component or circuit whose voltage you
    want to measure. Voltmeters have a very high resistance to prevent drawing significant
    current and altering the circuit's behavior. Voltmeters are typically calibrated in volts (V).

    Multimeter:
    A multimeter is a versatile instrument that can be used as an ammeter, voltmeter, and often
    as an ohmmeter. It can measure current, voltage, and resistance. Multimeters are available
    in both analog and digital forms. Modern digital multimeters (DMMs) are more common due
    to their accuracy and ease of use.

    1.3 Equipment and Materials


    - Ammeter
    - Voltmeter
    - Multimeter (Digital or Analog)
    - Breadboard
    - Various resistors
    - Connecting wires
    - Power supply (DC)
    - Safety goggles
    - Electrical components (e.g., resistors, wires)
    2. Experiment 1: Study of Ammeter

    2.1 Procedure

    1. Set up a simple DC circuit on the breadboard. This circuit should consist of a power
    supply (e.g., battery), an ammeter, and a resistor in series. Ensure that the ammeter is
    connected in series and correctly polarized.

    2. Gradually increase the voltage from the power supply, and record the ammeter readings
    at different voltage levels.

    2.2 Observations

    Record your observations of the ammeter readings and the corresponding voltage levels in
    the table below:
    Voltage (V) Ammeter Reading (A)
    2
    4
    6
    8
    10
    2.3 Calculations

    Perform calculations to determine the current in the circuit at each recorded voltage level.

    Example Calculation:
    Suppose the voltage (V) across the circuit is 10 volts and the resistance (R) of the circuit is 5
    ohms.

    Using Ohm's law: I = V / R


    I = 10 V / 5 Ω = 2 A

    So, the current (I) is 2 amperes.

    2.4 Conclusion

    Draw conclusions based on your observations and calculations. Discuss the behavior of the
    ammeter in the circuit and whether it affects the circuit's current.

    3. Experiment 2: Study of Voltmeter

    3.1 Procedure

    1. Modify the circuit setup from Experiment 1 by replacing the ammeter with a voltmeter.
    Connect the voltmeter in parallel across the resistor.

    2. Gradually increase the voltage from the power supply and record the voltmeter readings
    at different voltage levels.

    3.2 Observations

    Record your observations of the voltmeter readings and the corresponding voltage levels in
    the table below:

    Voltage (V) Voltmeter Reading (V)


    2
    4
    6
    8
    10

    3.3 Calculations

    Perform calculations to determine the voltage across the resistor at each recorded voltage
    level.
    Example Calculation:
    Suppose the voltmeter reads 8 volts when connected to the circuit.
    So, the voltage (V) across the resistor is 8 volts.

    3.4 Conclusion

    Draw conclusions based on your observations and calculations. Discuss the behaviour of the
    voltmeter in the circuit and how it measures voltage.

    4. Experiment 3: Study of Multimeter

    4.1 Procedure

    1. Set up a circuit similar to Experiment 1 with a resistor and power supply.

    2. Connect a digital multimeter in series to measure current (ammeter mode). Record the
    current readings.

    3. Connect the same multimeter in parallel to measure voltage (voltmeter mode). Record the
    voltage readings.

    4. Change the range or function of the multimeter (if applicable) to measure resistance
    (ohmmeter mode). Measure the resistance of various resistors.

    4.2 Observations

    Record your observations of the current, voltage, and resistance measurements taken using
    the multimeter in the tables below:

    Current Measurements (A):

    Voltage (V) Current Reading (A)


    2
    4
    6
    8
    10

    Voltage Measurements (V):

    Voltage (V) Voltage Reading (V)


    2
    4
    6
    8
    10
    Resistance Measurements (Ω):

    Resistor Value (Ω) Resistance Reading (Ω)


    100
    220
    470
    680
    1000

    4.3 Calculations

    Perform calculations if necessary based on your measurements.

    Example Calculation (Resistance):


    Suppose you measure the resistance of a resistor as 100 ohms using the multimeter in
    ohmmeter mode.

    So, the resistance (R) is 100 ohms.

    4.4 Conclusion

    Summarize your findings regarding the functionality of the multi meter and its use in
    measuring current, voltage, and resistance.

    5. Safety Precautions

    1. Wear safety goggles: Protect your eyes from potential hazards.

    2. Follow circuit diagrams: Ensure that your circuits are connected as per the provided
    instructions.

    3. Avoid touching live wires: Ensure the power supply is off when making connections or
    adjustments.

    4. Use appropriate voltage and current limits: Do not exceed the rated limits of the
    instruments.

    5. Keep the work area clean: Avoid clutter and organize wires and components neatly.

    6. Turn off power before making changes: Always disconnect the power supply before
    modifying the circuit.

    7. Double-check connections: Verify your connections before applying power to avoid


    short circuits.

    8. Handle instruments with care: Avoid dropping or mishandling the equipment.

    You might also like