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UEC2021142 Assignment7 MUX

The document describes the design of a 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) using transmission gates. It explains the theory behind transmission gates and how they function as bidirectional switches. A circuit is shown for a 2:1 MUX built using three NMOS and three PMOS transistors. When the select line S is 0, input A is passed as the output, and when S is 1, input B is passed as the output, verifying the functionality of the MUX. Some applications and advantages of transmission gates are also discussed.

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25 views5 pages

UEC2021142 Assignment7 MUX

The document describes the design of a 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) using transmission gates. It explains the theory behind transmission gates and how they function as bidirectional switches. A circuit is shown for a 2:1 MUX built using three NMOS and three PMOS transistors. When the select line S is 0, input A is passed as the output, and when S is 1, input B is passed as the output, verifying the functionality of the MUX. Some applications and advantages of transmission gates are also discussed.

Uploaded by

ketaki.kulkarni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cummins College Of Engineering For women, Pune-52 3rd Year B-Tech E&TC

VLSI Design
Aim: Design of 2:1 MUX using Transmission gates.

Equipment: PC with Micro-wind software and printer.

Theory:

A transmission gate is defined as an electronic element that will selectively block or


pass a signal level from the input to the output. This solid-state switch is comprised of a
PMOS and NMOStransistor. The control gates are biased in a complementary manner so that
both transistors are either on or off.

When the voltage on node A is Logic 1, the complementary Logic 0 is applied to node𝐴´,
allowing both transistors to conduct and pass the signal at IN to OUT. When the voltage on
node A is Logic 0, the complementary Logic 1 is applied to node𝐴´, turning both transistors
off and forcing a high-impedance condition on both the IN and OUT nodes. The common
circuit symbol for a transmission gate depicts the bidirectional nature of the circuit's
operation

Transmission gates are typically used as building blocks for logic circuitry, such as a
Multiplexer, D Latch or D Flip-Flop. As a stand-alone circuit, a transmission gate can isolate
a component or components from live signals during hot insertion or removal. In a security
application, they can selectively block critical signals or data from being transmitted without
proper hardware-controlled authorization.
Cummins College Of Engineering For women, Pune-52 3rd Year B-Tech E&TC
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Multiplexer using Transmission-Gate:


Cummins College Of Engineering For women, Pune-52 3rd Year B-Tech E&TC
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This circuit demonstrates the basic transmission-gate multiplexer. The idea behind this circuit
is to use two transmission-gates as simple switches to propagate either input A or input B
directly to the output. The extra inverter generates the inverse of the S select input. While the
lower transmission-gate is activated by logic 1 at select input S, the upper transmission-gate
is activated by logic 0 at the select input S, due to the wiring of their control (gate) inputs.

When select input S is low, only the upper transmission-gate is conducting (because𝑆´ is
connected to its n-channel and S to its p-channel transistor gate inputs), while the lower
transmission-gate is non-conducting. As a result, the value of X1 is passed through to the
output of the multiplexer.

When S is high, the lower transmission-gate is activated, while the upper transmission-gate is
non-conducting. Therefore, the value of X2 is passed through to the multiplexer output.

Observation: Students have to observe the following waveform

1. VIN and VOUT w.r.t. time.

Conclusion:

We built 2:1 mux using 3 NMOS and 3 PMOS with input A and B, select line S and output Y. We can
see that with the help of select line S=0 input B is passed as output and for S=1 A is passed as output.

This verifies the functionality of MUX.


Cummins College Of Engineering For women, Pune-52 3rd Year B-Tech E&TC
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Assignment Questions :

1. different approaches to construct 2:1 MUX in the selected CMOS technology &
calculate the no. of transistors required.

● Approach 1: Using Complementary Transmission Gates

- Components: 2 transmission gates for A, 2 transmission gates for inverted B, and an


inverter for enable (EN).

- Total Transistors: 12 (4 nMOS, 4 pMOS for transmission gates, 2 nMOS, 2 pMOS for the
inverter).

● Approach 2: Using a Single Transmission Gate and Inverter

- Components: 1 transmission gate and an inverter for generating the inverted select signal.

- Total Transistors: 8 (2 nMOS, 2 pMOS for the transmission gate, 2 nMOS, 2 pMOS for the
inverter).

Approach 2 is more transistor-efficient, requiring fewer transistors to achieve the same 2:1
MUX functionality.

2. Differentiate between PASS Transistor Logic & Transmission Gate.

Pass Transistor Logic (PTL):


- Uses a single pass transistor for logic functions.
- Suitable for implementing traditional logic gates.
- Requires fewer transistors, making it power-efficient.
- Well-defined logic levels.
- Commonly used in low-power and area-efficient logic design.
Transmission Gate (TG):
- Uses complementary pass transistors (nMOS and pMOS) to create a bidirectional switch.
- Primarily used for multiplexing and data routing.
- Requires more transistors compared to PTL.
- Not used for traditional logic gates.
- Used in applications like multiplexers, analog switches, and data buses.
Cummins College Of Engineering For women, Pune-52 3rd Year B-Tech E&TC
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3. Explain Transmission Gate & Its advantages over CMOS Inverter as a switch.

Transmission Gate: A transmission gate is a digital electronic switch implemented using


complementary nMOS and pMOS transistors. It allows signals to pass through
bi-directionally when enabled. It's typically used for signal routing, multiplexing, and data
transmission.

Advantages of Transmission Gate:

Bidirectional: Can transmit signals in both directions.

Low Voltage Drop: Minimizes signal distortion.

Low ON Resistance: Offers minimal resistance for signal transmission.

Better for Analog Signals: Suited for analog applications.

High-Speed Switching: Suitable for high-speed data transmission.

Reduced Transistor Count: Requires fewer transistors for some applications.

Reduced Power Consumption: Can be more power-efficient in certain scenarios.

Analog/Digital Hybrid Use: Versatile for bridging analog and digital circuits effectively.

4. Write the applications of transmission gates.

Multiplexing: Used to select one of multiple input signals.

Data Routing: Efficiently route data between different paths.

Analog Switching: Enable or disable analog signals in various configurations.

Signal Conditioning: Minimize voltage drop and distortion in signal transmission.

Bidirectional Data Transfer: Facilitate data flow in both directions.

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