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This document discusses two types of industrial glasses: lead glass and soda-lime glass. [1] Lead glass contains between 18-40% lead oxide and has properties like high density, electrical resistance, and malleability. It is produced through heating raw materials like silica sand and lead oxide to high temperatures. Lead glass has various applications like drinking glasses, radiation shielding, and optics. [2] Soda-lime glass is the most common type of glass, composed of silica, soda, and lime. It is inexpensive, chemically stable, and workable, making it suitable for light bulbs, windows, bottles, and art objects.

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anurag singh
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64 views10 pages

Untitled Presentation

This document discusses two types of industrial glasses: lead glass and soda-lime glass. [1] Lead glass contains between 18-40% lead oxide and has properties like high density, electrical resistance, and malleability. It is produced through heating raw materials like silica sand and lead oxide to high temperatures. Lead glass has various applications like drinking glasses, radiation shielding, and optics. [2] Soda-lime glass is the most common type of glass, composed of silica, soda, and lime. It is inexpensive, chemically stable, and workable, making it suitable for light bulbs, windows, bottles, and art objects.

Uploaded by

anurag singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Soda lime & Lead Glass

Presented by Ayush sudan


Roll no.-3289
Subject : Inorganic material of industrial
application
Subject teacher:Dr. Himanshi Goel
Content
1) Introduction
2) Lead glass
3) Properties of lead glass
4) Production of lead glass
5) Uses of lead glass
6) Soda-lime glass
7) Properties and uses of soda-lime glass
Introduction
Glass, an inorganic solid material that is usually transparent or translucent as well as hard, brittle, and
impervious to the natural elements. Glass has been made into practical and decorative objects since ancient
times, and it is still very important in applications as disparate as building construction, housewares, and
telecommunications. It is made by cooling molten ingredients such as silica sand with sufficient rapidity to
prevent the formation of visible crystals.
Lead Glass
Lead glass is a glass variant which has had its
calcium component replaced by lead. It contains
between 18 to 40% of lead (II) oxide by weight. The
nomenclature of lead glass is regulated such that
any glass that contains a minimum of 24% PbO by
weight is referred to as “lead crystal”, and any glass
that contains less than 24% PbO by weight is
referred to as crystal glass [1]. Lead glass has a
chemical composition of SiO2 and PbO along with
other impurities or additives added to achieve
certain properties.
Properties of Lead Glass
1) Lead glass, when compared to ordinary glass (also referred to as soda-glass or
soda-lime silica-glass), is a dense and heavy material as lead is more than five times
as heavy as calcium.
2) It is electrical resistance.
3) It has high refractive index.
4) It has lower working temperature and lower viscosity.
5) It is more malleable and less brittle.

6)
Production of Lead glass
The production of lead glass generally proceeds as follows [3]:

1) Lead oxide and/or lead tetroxide (PbO and/or Pb3O4) are fed into a silo.
2) Other raw materials components (solid inorganic compounds that may be naturally occurring
or synthetic) required to achieve the desired lead glass composition are mixed with lead material.
A typical ratio of materials could include 48% silica-sand, 28% lead and 24% potash.
3) Other metals may be added to the mix to give the glass a specific colour.
4) The mixture is then fed into an electric furnace where it undergoes heat generated by its
resistance to an electric current passing through it. Temperatures between 1350 °C and 1550 °C
are required.
5) Fresh batch material may be added to the melt, depending on the output requirements.
6) The molten homogeneous glass melt is extracted and cooled slowly to avoid the development
of residual stresses as different portions of the lead glass cool at different rates. The lead glass is
produced as ribbons, droplets or gobs, which will be further shaped by forming techniques, such
as pressing or blowing.
Application of Lead Glass
Lead glass has many uses in various industries,
including table glassware and as a shielding agent from
radiation in science and healthcare.

Common uses of lead glass include drinking glasses,


ornaments, decanters, jewelry, optical lenses, enamel
and lacquers, glass sealants, and radiation shielding
from gamma and x-rays.
Soda-Lime glass
Soda-lime glass, most common form of glass produced. It is
composed of about 70 percent silica (silicon dioxide), 15 percent
soda (sodium oxide), and 9 percent lime (calcium oxide), with
much smaller amounts of various other compounds. The soda
serves as a flux to lower the temperature at which the silica
melts, and the lime acts as a stabilizer for the silica.
Properties and uses of Sodalime glass
Soda-lime glass is inexpensive, chemically stable,
reasonably hard, and extremely workable, because it is
capable of being resoftened a number of times if
necessary to finish an article. These qualities make it
suitable for manufacturing a wide array of glass
products, including light bulbs, windowpanes, bottles,
and art objects.
Thank you

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