Za N dae / | Page No. SET THEORY : : = Bo § ain is even -postlise finkegen? LG of a. sob 2 Ls" No: 04 distinct elerments tix cot is Stet_tadclinality, | —dinaension ,Osde, of ageb OU —laschial —i b_ buprewed ax nf/A), O(A), 1A| 3,1,2,4S2 Scanned with CamScannerPee ff» Page No. ‘ A 2% vo bee VA et whut ceniat, 2 DAgA 4 Represented as 6. Setop tntegess blo any 1 \_Nole i- Syerbal Of inclirating. 2 null: tek’ “%s no A Erelosed. wsithuin & The set A= $0? rot a mull got because Ue - Contotn one elenent 0. ss QA ue ses regaided 08 @ MinilT seb Ce @ $07 & met a wi co A . it Sin pletion Set $- rt i ontaining pvaly, out cleo Cd dane a gehts! é Ex, Az $34 Bez So} eS z ; euro = i £ at B, then Ath Said ti be dubsoh A ' Ls Represented A A£B by There_may ot nay, nol bi -cleedual of 8 belongs ta A ex, © A= $3,464 82 $3.2, 4,563 ASB ee Bs ond @ Az $1,352 g-s5a then ACR BCA it tnaplies A=8. Eso et i a tubsek of ely A ZA 1 i ) di ay i oe f Scanned with CamScannerbes fT | Page No. | {> let A be cok ¢ B2 $A) $A22 thin ACR ALER There}.ct0 A} SB and $5 At B But fA$ SB x ineowet « ly A= $2,469% B=F2.4, 8, 6,325 12 A¢R BEA. Guise S=$2.@ t t Tf A avd 6 ase tien selz) then A=B Qod__BCA oh A=B | — Supersel 5- of CB, then Bt tht superset of-A ~ BOA = b 2} A is mot a subset op B then AGA ox BDA Universal set t- Scanned with CamScannerDate Paes Page No. ’ —Lonpes subcet 2- Le Ris a subset of A_and 2 is not equal to A = Bt Bi whsok of A 1 ACA > B & ropes. subrceb of —Querdabhing, sot - ee bh fese_Selé_that hase ab teal ous common glnaot aun Called, Pusslapbing, ot. “Ex, ee = A= $1,2,62 B2$ 6, 12,42) bl Common elenmmut Ss A and 6 as feat hepa os, A=2 Ly Miso SelZ ax non compatable if ACB and BEA and = AB. om Ec A=$xy zh Be§ O,4, x,b,zZ { New conpareble Az $2.34 B=s3ust J selé. ifm X= $1934 N= ¢ 1234s. [oF Comparabte cold L qT Scanned with CamScannerDate / / Page No. by 9 or_PLA) aye IAT p(s)= § Ti Test . Of and 8 both € P(S) where = oO. Ls tae power. ck sarhine 1 is i) 1a Pouser fy cet i alan enaply cot. re tonis 2 = Its “the set of elertenlé olith ate tr A, tin B, on Hen, AUB=¢ xJxeA o% xeB? ex Aa $ 19, 1,12, 132 AuB= $ oN 12,13 ys? C Cc Bes 9:13, (4, [be Scanned with CamScannerDate / / Page No. . ae € Which axe in both A and @ d ANB: $x: xJweA and xen} ad Bx, d Az §iti2,13} Be Sia iy 15} a ADB = $132 4 —NOTE 2 = @ a ‘ ink Sets = a 4 3) ANG = 9na = i 4) Anu = una =A a Ex. Az $J0, 1) ,12, 13% Bz $15, 14 152 ‘ __A-B=$ lo ta, UL B-A_=$ 14 15% A-8 # B-A NorES- @ 2 is also called as somaplement of A _ue.rt. A @ ABCA 4 Scanned with CamScannerJal @_(A-g), (ANB) and _B-A are _disyoeub sols . &) A-gG =A i B- A=. A-B= ANB. | A- U=6 B-A= BNA’ i NEAL TT Compleniust of a. Set? | Ly Consplenauat of a set A Cdercted. by AY) is the seb of 7 a clonents whic a not in A. A’ = $xjx Ene = Als U-A | | re oy ru CA 1. | Note: @ ava’ =U | @ Ann’: w QW =f and pf’ =U 4 () (A)"=2 A @)_a-B = An? ls AQ@B os AAR = (A-B) U(B-A) ie Ly Set of ehersonrbi. belonging to _elltus Aos B but not to both. = Wa a a) | =. Min Sel s ret Pad 9 be two subset? of a thnisersal set U. Then = ait _poscthl, sel that ate intersection of PP’, Q and @’aro - rit cele wort Pond @ ie. PAO, P18 png’, Pp’? ng’ Scanned with CamScannerCalled max set wrt Pand @ Ex U=6 1,2,3,4,5,6, ...-.10' i Pa $135 77 $4,689,102 P’=$ 2462,9,108 Q’2$ 12,3 54,9} y Min sels are PnQ=6 4 BNO = $4e,0,102 2 Png’ = $1,325.72 p’ng’= $29? | max sels are PuG= $13.4 56,7, 8,102 RA | PUG: $24,689 lo Pug’= $ 1.2,3,5,4.9} pug’= $ 1234 5 67,8, 9, 102 PRACTICE QUESTLONS + - QL Dy 25 234,56 9,109 Xs $236.92 23351} Ye $4 5798 5 Puta , ‘ ots 2 4) x? _b)(xvy)’_¢) Ly-2) a_X’= MP, x Exe = $457, Fo} b) XUV= ¢ 2,3,45 6789 (xpy)” = $103 Scanned with CamScannerDae / / Page No. ©) (y-z)= 349% y-z)’ = 35,6 s7,6,10. =A = S$ pb? a t b) §$¢3-A = $o5-Se bt =f c) AUP(A)= A USD, $6? Sh3 6h b3F ; = $9,562 sbi, bs SO bi? + $G,b- B= § w bh ‘S A. O- FO bts wo b 9. $B,b}-sa2= 10: $92 - $a b (he sfollousting tn _Set_buitder form ? 369,12, 15¢ Te, Az 4a p_, wherelép<5 whose pb % a natural a saumbexk i, . Be $4 -3,-2, «I, 0,1,2,3 Be Suiz is an tatege anol 4 < x<34 cv Cg — Scanned with CamScannerAzs io? it) BeSxtx 8 an inteaes and s ASB ip A-B = ANB’ = Ho fos ph [> fo Scanned with CamScannerDate PogeNo. MULTIS ETS 2 isan unordered collection of eleruewts, tin whitl, the c Of an element 1 Ihe no. of fines the elennust Cc ¢ ¢ t -: -£ “__tebeated 1a ulitcet. ords, we a. « € & ¢ ¢ ¢ lement Can Qbpean any no. of fees in_@ Se. C9 Az$ 2, 0,mm,n.n,n? B=$a,0,0,0,c% ‘—Operalions _pn__Mullissets = Js Anion—ay Mutts eee L union It i thi ut pliadlit B uot to e 2. on Lob an clement th A and B, denoted by ALB rs ¢ ‘ ee 4d Az$ 4d, m,m, nbn} B=S d,m,m,m,n} or rc AvB=$ 2,t,m,m,mib,n.n peo . = - Intersection a) Muttiset % 2 rs Tntersction oh ‘tuo mueeblisets A and B , is a mulliset such that at i the mu op an element th A and clenoted. by ANB. Ca at A= $2. 0 mm, ni p.9, 9,69 Be $ fmm pg rr, birt ANBS$ Sm, mp9, rh Scanned with CamScannerTr ie 1: ¢ =~ “4: Azs t,m,m,m, n,n, p,p, ph | R=$ 2 m,m,m, mo, 4, 4, AF | i) il — = B= $ m,n, psp 4 | . B- mA A =) =~ a | fowy—CARDIMALIDY OF _MULTISETS $= i ~__No. af alislinel _eleme te pn a mutb'cet eee Bethe “maubtgplelty OL an element - SS eg Aso 4k mim nin, bbb b4, 949 i = JA]= 5 ts =) —. Droot 6 ed Questions 2 - i =O) Pian that _xU(y-z) = (KUY)- (z-x) “Tod” tet xe (xu [Y-t)) > x€X or (xe (Y-2)) i = =) 2 éX or é x EZ i iv €X Or GZ) = €(XUY) and x (x Uz”) : —. 2 xe (xvy) and 2 € ( X-Z) 7 =) x €( XUY) and x ¢ [ z-X) ae 2 Scanned with CamScanner=) xéxuUY and *¢ (2-X) ~ xe (xuy)- (ZX) 2+ XulY-z) ¢ (xvy)-(7-X) Conversely %€(xuy) - (Z-x) zé(xvY) and x€ (Z-X) => (%EX ov xe¥) and xe ( X-Z) (xX or xeY) and [xEX and x EZ) zexX oo (xeY and x£z) XEXU [Y-Z) (XUY) -(z-x)_& (xu (y-2)) LHS =RHS G3: how that tor tuso_gett A and 2 A- (Ang) PAB SS" et xe A-(ANB) 2 xeA and xd [ ANB) 2) x€A and (x¢A and x€8) (eA and 2€A) eft (occa andra a) =) 2 6(A-A) on 2E(A-B) =) 269 % XE(A-B) =) XE A-B) J A-(Ang) © A-B La =) [xeRand xéA) o (EA andyeR) D__ xe A and (x49 and x48) XEA- XEANB xe AfAngy OS Comsersely , let 2EAB =) XEA and EB ‘ 4 7 A Be B) — pal vs RHS2aeHsS = — Scanned with CamScanner» y pate f/f Page No. 5 CARTESIAN PRoDUcT _OF Two ___SETS — x The _cantestin product of n_no_op sels Ad, A2,=-:-+An_dehined 05 ASX AD X..0, XA are the ordered pat (X1,x2, -- Xn) where (X1CAL), (22€A2) 5... (an €An) . Ex A=$a,bd Bz $ 1,22 AXB=F (4&4), (4,2), (b!), (b,2)7 OXA=§ (1,4), (1,6), (2,2), (2,b)3 NENN- DLAgRAM 2= 0) a) |e | itis leven enn th ced the ay. diagrams th repritent elt. Ace. to _Unistexsal sot & represented by SS tne inierior ofa restangte and other gel are tepresentecl by interior of ciseles. Ex, Us$ 1.2.3.4 5% A=§ 243 Bag 1,32 then these sets Can be represented a5 O_biperene of sels A-B= § x2%€A and 7¢B R-Ac$ 23x68 aml XA a-Al LY a by Sp el diN Bd wT EI | Scanned with CamScanner@ _Complement_of a set Then naps) = nA) +nlB) ~ n(A-B)= npA)- n (Ape) > en (B-A)= DL B)- NC ANB) PRACTICE QUESTIONS ¢ ~ oA 1: 1 TueivsioN- EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE $= rr nulé ets + e e 7 mn AvB)= n(A) + n(B) = n(ANB) is at \. a or or _bot ¢ using, above expression $ ¢ Suppose A,B,€ Ore feu sels a WLAvBUe) = 7CA) + nf At nlc) = DLANB)- (ANd) = n( BNC) + nf ANBNC) at Peniee. 4 _ s Tp A and 6 are dligjeint_pe. tf ANB-= 6 —« £ = = QL let v be the untunsal set and A ili subset where V2 § xix EN and x 10 Aig yb prime mo. less than Jo ~ e = —— hia UE$ 12.34 567, 8 9102 e = A=$ 23 57 AL= F146, 9% lo} « - Scanned with CamScannerLIT C WI a Hi Az{ ziz_tha King out of 52 pI arals 2 t = Spide out o| 52 i er : Fine i) ANB =§ King pf shacleg [ [ane CM it) AUB -> f Al Kings 05 shade? _ OL tet as Sabie? Refa,e? Cfad? i) AxB AxB= 3 (ad), (a,c), (bd), (b 0), (64), (ce)} it) BxA BxA=§ (da) (a,b), (dc), ¢ ¢0), (eb), (ect THVT ST VT IT Scanned with CamScannerDae / | Page No. , iit) AX/puc) Bucs § a,det £64), (¢,e)} fe) ang) xe ANB= $ r (Ang) xc = B 78) AX B-C (B-O)= $et AX(BO) =§ (40), (be), (622 7 wi) (AND XB Ant =¢a% (ADO) XB= § (a,d), (a, 2)? ure of 60 pbeoble, ue was found that &5 read peek magayine read Ties , 26 read Fortune 9 read both News week and Fortune . Jl read both Aleusweek nd Times a _magazthes NM(D=26 ,n(F)=26 nfNw) 235 n/NwAF)=4 M(N Ww NT)= Ib M(TNE)= 8 LNW nTnF)\= {NW UT LE) = n(NW)+n(T)+ m(F) + m(Nw NE) ¢ mI NW pT) + n(TNF) -h (NW NT NE) = astoet26-9-311-9t3 = 5o Scanned with CamScannerpae / / Page No. b) _FYLl yA the Correct no. af people ur each of, the @ reguems of wenn _ologram. | nw io] es who a one. 1a; TALS du EtLOFID= BO yoad exactly one magarhe 2 lass op 6 te, 50 students Know Englik S§_ 42: Ina ela 0 studen We now English » i, 55 Know French and 46 Know German anguage , 5% Knows English and French 8 Kinpuss French and German 5_Krous, ng lish a1 “1 Kross, —Mone__sf the langusge.———— sd nuU)= 60 n(e)=2 50 n(e)= 85 (6) =46 DLEn£) =31 D(FAG) +28 m(ENG) = 25 nl EUFUG)’ = # n{U)-n(AuBue) =F o- T= n(AvuBuc) n(AUBUC) = N{EUFUG) = $0-% = 4 NEUF UG) = nl Fy tn(F) + nfG) =n ENF) = EG) -rf E04) + mfEnPhs 4B = 50+ 554 4e~ 27-28-25+ nf ENENG) N(EAFLOG)= 73- 50-55-46 + 37428 +25 : ein bas Ce — Scanned with CamScannertu if 7 Page No. aANXas # 4. nai J L a) (Ave) efauc) but _B ¢ C ev [sansa ete € [i +f B Aa f fof = |_b) (ans) cfAnc) but B¢C A c i a p= Cc) Anb= ANC but BHC FR Tih Fe eV Scanned with CamScanner™ Date / / ql ~S . Page No. al mB Prove that y=x? = YX t : Shr" ket 6 V-X’ => 26) and 1X’ % > _xéY and xexX } 2 xe ( ¥AX) f fY-x? € (yx) * Conversely, xEYNX > ZEY and xe ig 2 x€Y and x¢ x? => ze (y-x’) | we Vax ¢ y-X? | Hene, Y-X’ =YA ; (X-y) v= @ Det ze(x-y)NY=) (vexandz¢Y) and zeY a => [eex and x7) and (ey and xeY) C 2 re{KnY) and xe Gs =) 2é((xny) ng) =) reg 2 (x-yny € W As we Know f ts a eonply et and i 6 @ $ iu ge (Ryn Hente LHS = RHS Scanned with CamScanneri) $03-A = $92, ob} = Sag t s DA-G= §- bj =§ = 7,b} =A a € w \aieaauae $3 « /, —% Scanned with CamScanner