SCHOOL OF ENERGY AND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

PET 1306 Well Test Analysis

Assignment #3

Date due 14.11.2023

Submitted by Smagulov Miras, 4th year student

Checked by Aibek Abdukarimov

Almaty 2023
 Content
Introduction …………………………………………………………………. 3
Problem 1 ……………………………………………….3
Problem 2 ……………………………………………….6
Problem 3 ……………………………………………….8
Problem 4 ……………………………………………….14

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………..20

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PET 1306 Well Test Analysis Fall 2023

HW #3
Well Deliverability. Multiphase Flow
Due date: 14/11/23

Introduction: Congratulations to this assignment I understood how to calculate well

deliverability and VLP. And, some exercises about oil properties and gas properties. Used to
calculate in-situ volumetric flow rate and superficial velocity.

Problem 1 (30%)
A vertical well penetrates two producing formations, as shown in Figure 1. The two layers are separated by
a shale barrier but are close enough to share a flowing bottomhole pressure. The depth of the perforated
zone is 6000ft. The wellhead pressure is to be kept constant at 250psi. Reservoir and production test data is
given in Table 1. Figure 3 shows the pressure traverse curves for this well at various flowrates, for a fixed
wellhead pressure of 150 psia.

1. Derive and plot the IPR for each individual layer

Layer 1 IPR of LAYER 1

Pwf Q 6000
0 6250,0 5000
500 6049,4
4000
1000 5725,3
Pwf(psi)

1500 5277,8 3000

2000 4706,8 2000

2500 4012,3 1000
3000 3194,4
0
3500 2253,1 -2000,0 0,0 2000,0 4000,0 6000,0 8000,0
4000 1188,3 Q(sb/day)

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 Layer 2 IPR of LAYER 2
6000
Pwf Q
0 8738,9
5000
500 8525,0
1000 8188,9 4000

1500 7730,6

Pwf(psi
3000
2000 7150,0
2500 6447,2 2000
3000 5622,2
1000
3500 4675,0
4000 3605,6 0
-2000,0 0,0 2000,0 4000,0 6000,0 8000,0 10000,0
4500 2413,9
Q(sb/day
5000 1100,0
5100 822,6
5200 540,2
5300 253,0
5400 -39,1

2. Develop an analytical expression for the composite IPR for the two layers combined, and plot it

Composite IPR
Pwf Q 6000
0 14988,9
5000
Wllbore Flowing Pressure, Pwf

500 14574,4
1000 13914,2 4000
1500 13008,3
3000
2000 11856,8
2500 10459,6 2000
3000 8816,7
1000
3500 6928,1
4000 4793,8 0
4500 2413,9 -5000,0 0,0 5000,0 10000,0 15000,0 20000,0

200 1100,0 Flow rate, Q

Composite Ipr VLP
300 822,6

3. Plot the VLP for the well

VLP I found VLP by adding 150 psi for each flow rate from the graph at the
Q Pwf bottom and found pressure as well.
4150 1300

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6150 2500
8150 3700
10150 5500

4) Determine the well deliverability

6000

5000
Wllbore Flowing Pressure, Pwf

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
-5000,0 0,0 5000,0 10000,0 15000,0 20000,0
Flow rate, Q
Composite Ipr VLP

Layer 1 Layer 2
Reservoir pressure (psia) 4500 5400
Bubble Point Pressure (psia) 4700 5000
Test pwf (psia) N/A 5200
Test q (STB/D) N/A 550
J* (STB/d/psia) 2.5 N/A

Table 1. Production data for Problem 1.

Figure 1: Schematic of producing layer

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Problem 2 (30%)

The same well from problem 1 is now being configured with a gravel pack, as shown in Figure 2. The
pressure drop information for the gravel pack is given in Table 2. Using the results from problem 1 and
the newly supplied data, determine the following:
1. The new well deliverability after the gravel pack has been installed

I found new Pressure from the composite graph, as I know flow rate (Q) 1000,
3000, 5000, 7000.

Pwf Pwf2
q(STB/d) ∆p (psi) (psi) (psi)
1000 120 4760,118 4640,12
3000 270 4351,58 4081,58
5000 400 3906,27 3506,27
7000 650 3412,05 2762,05

6000

5000
Wllbore Flowing Pressure, Pwf

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0,0 2000,0 4000,0 6000,0 8000,0 10000,0 12000,0 14000,0 16000,0
Flow rate, Q
Composite Ipr VLP
After Gravel Pack Differential Pressure

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2. The di erential pressure over the gravel pack at the new deliverable flowrate
q (STB/d) Δp (psia)
1000 120
3000 270
5000 400
7000 650
Table 2. Gravel pack pressure drop data

6000

5000
Wllbore Flowing Pressure, Pwf

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0,0 2000,0 4000,0 6000,0 8000,0 10000,0 12000,0 14000,0 16000,0
Flow rate,
Composite Ipr Q VLP
After Gravel Pack Differential Pressure

Figure 2. Schematic of producing layers and gravel pack

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 Problem 3. (20%)

Using the flow pattern maps developed by Baker, Mandhane, and Beggs and Brill, determine the flow
pattern for the following conditions:

Oil flow rate: 800 barrels per day (STB/d)

Gas-oil ratio (GOR): 1000 standard cubic feet per barrel (SCF/STB)
Tubing inner diameter: 2 inches
Water-oil ratio (WOR): 0
Downhole temperature: 120°F
Downhole pressure: 1000 pounds per square inch absolute (psia)
You should refer to the flow pattern maps to identify the specific flow regime that corresponds
to these conditions. Additionally, you need to consider the provided oil and gas properties in
your analysis.
µod = 7.5 cp (dead oil viscosity at surface)
γo = 32 ̊ API γg = 0.71 σo = 20 dynes/cm
σw = 74 dynes/cm ρw = 62.4 lbm/ft 3
pb = 4350 psia

Hint: Use Al-Shamasi correlation (1999) to estimate Rs first. For other parameters, use the
correlations provided in the doc file “Correlations for Evaluating Oil and Gas Properties”).
Solution:

Step 1. First, we should to calculate Correlations for Evaluating Oil and Gas Properties.

1. Oil Properties
1) Solution GOR

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2) Oil density

3) Oil Formation Volume Factor

4) Saturated oil viscosity

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5) Unsaturated oil viscosity

2) Gas Properties

1) Pseudo-critical Pressure and Temperature of Gas

2) Gas Compressibility Factor

3) Gas Density

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4) Formation Volume Factor

3. Property Correlation for Two-Phase Flow System

1) Downhole Flow Rates.

q1=800(0+1.0996) =879.68 bbl/day qg=0.014(1000-192.47)800=9044.336 ft3/day

2) Liquid-Phase Density

3) Liquid-Phase Viscosity

4) Interfacial Tension (IFT)

Step 2. After the correlations for evaluating oil and gas properties, we should find
the flow pattern by Baker, Mandhane and Beggs and Brill flow patter maps.
Diagram 1: Baker flow pattern map (1954):
Gl and Gg are the mass fluxes of liquid and gas, respectively (lbm/hr-ft2)

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Diagram 1: Mandhane flow patter map (1974)
Usl=2.62 ft/s Usg=4.80 ft/s

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 :Diagram 2: Beggs and Brill flow pattern map (1973)
Mixture Froude number against the input fraction of liquid

Vm=Vsl+Vsg=2.62+4.80=7.42 ft/s

Diagram 3. Beggs and Brill flow pattern map (1973)

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Problem 4.

(20%)
Given a specific oil well, it is producing 25000 barrels of oil per day with a gas production rate of 1.4
MMSCF, and the PVT analysis indicates a solution gas-to-oil ratio of 360 SCF per barrel. At a particular
point in the tubing, where the pressure is 1500 psia and the temperature is 180°F, you need to calculate
various parameters:

1. Determine the in-situ volumetric flow rates of both the liquid and gas phases.

2. Calculate the superficial velocities of the liquid and gas.

3. Find the mixture velocity, which is the combined velocity of the liquid and gas.

4. Compute the no-slip liquid holdup, which is the fraction of liquid in the mixture when assuming no
slippage between phases.

5. Calculate pressure drop by using Hagedorn and Brown approach

These calculations rely on the provided PVT data and the given operating conditions.

qo = 25000 STB/D qg
= 1.4 * 10^6 SCF/D
Rs = 360 SCF/bbl
D = 6 inch
Bo and Bg should be taken from Problem 3
σL = 2.5 dynes/cm ρg = 0.016 lbm/ft3 ρL =
69 lbm/ft3
µg = 0.016 cp
µL = should be taken from Problem 3
Pipe roughness, ɛ = 0.00006

Solution:

1. Determine the in-situ volumetric flow rates of both the liquid and gas phases.

In-situ oil volumetric flow rate:

Qo = qo’Bo = 25000 STB/D * 1.099 bbl/STB = 27475 bbl/D

In-situ gas volumetric flow rate:

Qg = (qg’ – qo’Rs – qw’Rsw)Bg = (1.4 * 10^7 – 25000 * 360 – 0) * 0.014 = 70000 ft 3/D

2. Calculate the superficial velocities of the liquid and gas.

qL q
vSL  , vSg  g ,
Ap Ap

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 𝜋𝐷2 3.14∗0.52
Ap = = = 0.19625 𝑓𝑡 2
4 4

27490∗5.614
𝛎𝑆𝐿 = 86400∗0.19625 = 9.096 𝑓𝑡/𝑠

70000
𝛎𝑆𝐺 = 86400∗0.19625 = 4.128 𝑓𝑡/𝑠

3. Find the mixture velocity, which is the combined velocity of the liquid and gas.

qL  q g q
vM  vSL  vSg  
Ap Ap
𝛎𝑀 = 9.102 + 4.128 = 13.22 𝑓𝑡/𝑠

4. Compute the no-slip liquid holdup, which is the fraction of liquid in the mixture
when assuming no slippage between phases.

qL vSL
L  
qL  qg vSL  vSg
9.102
λ𝐿 = = 0.687
9.102+4.128

5. Calculate pressure drop by using Hagedorn and Brown approach

Step 1. CNL

4 69
𝑁𝑣𝐿 = 1.938 ∗ 9.102 √ = 40.40
2.5

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 4 69
𝑁𝑣𝐺 = 1.938 ∗ 4.128 ∗ √ = 18.338
2.5

69
𝑁𝐷 = 120.872 ∗ 0.5√ = 317.504
2.5

4 1
𝑁𝐿 = 0.15726 ∗ 0.441 ∗ √ = 0.105
69∗2.53

where

𝑋1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔[0.105 + 3] = 0.492
𝑌 = −2.69851 + 0.15841 ∗ 0.492 − 0.55100 ∗ 0.4922 + 0.54785 ∗ 0.4923 − 0.12195 ∗
0.4924 = −2.695
𝐶𝑁𝐿 = 10−2.965 = 0.002

Step 2. Liquid Holdup

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 40.40∗15000.1 0.002
𝑋2 = 18.3380.575 ∗14.70.1∗317.504 = 0.0000764 = 7.64 ∗ 10−5

yL/Ψ = −0.10307 + 0.61777[𝑙𝑜𝑔0.000076 + 6] − 0.63295[𝑙𝑜𝑔0.000041 + 6]2 +

0.29598[𝑙𝑜𝑔0.000076 + 6]3 − 0.0401[𝑙𝑜𝑔0.000041 + 6]4 = 0.288

18.336∗0.0120.38
𝑋3 = = 0.000034 = 3.4 ∗ 10−5
317.5042.14
2 3
Ψ = 0.91163 − 4.82176 ∗ 0.000015 + 1232.25 ∗ 0.000015 − 22253.6 ∗ 0.000015 +
4
116174.3 ∗ 0.000015 = 0.9114 psi2/cp

yL = 0.9114 ∗ 0.288 = 0.2625

Step 3. Mass Flow Rate

ṁ = 0.19625 ∗ (9.096 ∗ 69 + 4.128 ∗ 0.016) ∗ 86400 = 10644000.85 lbm/D

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Step 4. Average Pressure

= 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟔𝟗 + (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟖) ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔 = 𝟒𝟕, 𝟒𝟔 lbm/ft3

Step 5. Reynold’s Number

𝟐.𝟐∗𝟏𝟎−𝟐 ∗𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔
𝑵𝑹𝒆 = 𝟎.𝟓∗𝟑.𝟖𝟑𝟎.𝟔𝟖𝟖 ∗𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟏−𝟎,𝟔𝟖𝟖 = 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟗𝟖, 𝟐𝟒𝟗𝟏

Step 6. Coefficient f

𝟏 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔 𝟓.𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟏.𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖 𝟕.𝟏𝟒𝟗

= −𝟒𝒍𝒐𝒈{ 𝟑.𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟓 − 𝟔𝟕𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟔,𝟐𝟎𝟓 𝐥𝐨𝐠[ + (𝟔𝟕𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟔,𝟐𝟎𝟓)𝟎.𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏 ]} = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟒𝟐
√𝒇𝒇 𝟐.𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟕

f = 0.00336

Step 7. Pressure Gradient

𝒅𝒑 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟐
= [𝟒𝟕, 𝟒𝟕 + ] = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟕 𝒑𝒔𝒊/𝒇𝒕
𝒅𝒛 𝟏𝟒𝟒 (𝟕. 𝟒𝟏𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 ) ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟒𝟕, 𝟒𝟕

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 150
psia
for Probem 1 ->>>

Figure 3. Pressure traverse curves

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 Conclusion
After solving all exercises and problem, we can have a base about all this problems. And gives new knowledge on different
part of Well Testing. Not only knowledge and also skills on solving and making decisions.

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