Scribd
Upload
53 views3 pages

Intro

This research study aims to examine the relationships between fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance, loneliness, and self-esteem in adolescents. Specifically, it aims to determine if fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance are correlated with loneliness and self-esteem. The study reviews literature showing that social anxiety peaks during adolescence and is linked to loneliness and low self-esteem. It hypothesizes that across a sample of university students, there will be positive correlations between fear of negative evaluation and loneliness/self-esteem, and social avoidance and loneliness/self-esteem.

Uploaded by

Guenn Gaintano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views3 pages

Intro

This research study aims to examine the relationships between fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance, loneliness, and self-esteem in adolescents. Specifically, it aims to determine if fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance are correlated with loneliness and self-esteem. The study reviews literature showing that social anxiety peaks during adolescence and is linked to loneliness and low self-esteem. It hypothesizes that across a sample of university students, there will be positive correlations between fear of negative evaluation and loneliness/self-esteem, and social avoidance and loneliness/self-esteem.

Uploaded by

Guenn Gaintano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Title: : Self-Esteem and Loneliness: How it Correlates with Adolescents’ Social Anxiety

INTRODUCTION

Research questions

 This research study aims to answer the following questions:


1. Is there an association between fear of negative evaluation and loneliness?
2. Is there an association between fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem?
3. Is there an association between social avoidance and loneliness?
4. Is there an association between social avoidance and self-esteem?

Review of Literature

 Social Anxiety

- Social anxiety is characterized by a prominent fear of one or more social situations in which
the person is exposed to unfamiliar others or possible scrutiny by others (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013).
- Adolescence is a challenging period for individuals (Collins and Steinberg 2007).
- Data in clinical settings indicate that it is the anxiety disorder most commonly diagnosed in
adolescents (Albano et al., 1995).
- Social anxiety encompasses the experience of fear of and distress about social situations,
avoidance of social situations, and a fear of provoking negative evaluations from others.
(Herbert, Rheingold & Brandsma, 2010)

 Fear of Negative Evaluation

- The fear of others’ critical judgments in social situations is a core feature of social anxiety
disorder (Johnson & Anderson, 2014).

 Social Avoidance

- Avoidant behaviour is crucial in social anxiety and social phobia, being a major factor in the
maintenance of anxiety (Rinck, et al., 2010).

 Loneliness

- In general, loneliness peaks during adolescence (Qualter et al., 2015).


- Social anxiety has been found to be a predictor of loneliness especially during the
mentioned age group. (Mahon et al. 2006; Lim et al. 2016).
- Loneliness is found to be a potential antecedent to emerging mental health symptoms.

 Self-esteem

- Social anxiety can be caused by low self-esteem that may even lead to social anxiety
disorder (Cuncic, 2020).
- Linear Regression Analysis showed that self-esteem is related to fear of negative evaluation
and social anxiety (Khanam & Moghal, 2012).

Hypothesis

 Null Hypothesis
- Across the population sample of UPV students, there is no significant correlation between:
a. Fear of negative evaluation and loneliness;
b. Fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem;
c. Social avoidance and loneliness; and
d. Social avoidance and self-esteem.
 Alternative Hypothesis

- Across the population sample of UPV students, there is a positive correlation between:
a. Fear of negative evaluation and loneliness;
b. Fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem;
c. Social avoidance and loneliness;
d. Social avoidance and self-esteem.

- Across the population sample of UPV students, there is a negative correlation between:
a. Fear of negative evaluation and loneliness:
b. Fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem:
c. Social avoidance and loneliness; and
d. Social avoidance and self-esteem.

REFERENCES

 Albano, A. M., DiBartolo, P. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1995). Children and
adolescents: Assessment and treatment. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R.
Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 387–425). New York:
Guilford Press.
 American Psychological Association. (2013). APA Dictionary of Psychology: Social Anxiety.
Retrieved from https://dictionary.apa.org/social-anxiety
 Collins, W. A. & Steinberg, L. (2007). Adolescent development in interpersonal context.
Handbook of child psychology, 3.
 Cucnic, A. (2020). How self-esteem affects social anxiety disorder. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/self-esteem-and-social-anxiety-4158220
 Herbert, R., Rheingold, A. & Brandsma, L. (2010). Chapter 2 - Assessment of Social Anxiety and
Social Phobia. Academic Press, 2010, Pages 23-64, ISBN 9780123750969
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375096-9.00002-X.
 Johnson, S. B., & Anderson, P. L. (2014). Stereotype confirmation concern and fear of negative
evaluation among African Americans and Caucasians with social anxiety disorder. Journal of
anxiety disorders, 28(4), 390–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.003
 Khanam, S.J.& Moghal, F. (2012.). Self-esteem as a predictor of fear of negative evaluation and
social anxiety. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p91-100. 10p.
 Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Zyphur, M. J., & Gleeson, J. F. (2016). Loneliness over time: The
crucial role of social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 620–630.
 Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A., Yarcheski, T. J., Cannella, B. L., & Hanks, M. M. (2006). A meta-
analytic study of predictors for loneliness during adolescence. Nursing Research, 55(5), 308–315.
 Qualter, P., Vanhalst, J., Harris, R., Van Roekel, E., Lodder, G., Bangee, M., & Verhagen, M.
(2015). Loneliness across the life span. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 250-264.
doi:10.1177/1745691615568999
 Rinck, M., Rörtgen, T., Lange, W., Dotsch, R., Wigboldus, D. & Becker, E. (2010) Social anxiety
predicts avoidance behaviour in virtual encounters, Cognition and Emotion, 24:7, 1269-1276,
DOI: 10.1080/02699930903309268

You might also like