[PROJECT TITLE]

By

STUDENTS NAME
STUDENTS ID

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

SUPERVISOR NAME

A THESIS REPORT
TO BE SUBMITTED IN FINAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY
SECTOR – V, SALT-LAKE
KOLKATA – 700 091
2023
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY
SECTOR – V, SALT-LAKE
KOLKATA – 700 091

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I gratefully acknowledge the resourceful guidance, active supervision and

constant encouragement of Supervisor Name and Designation, who despite his
other commitments could make time to help me in bringing this Thesis Report to its
present Shape. I do convey my sincere thanks and gratitude to him.

I also thankfully acknowledge to ---------------------any other professor and

their names------------ for providing all sorts of facilities to my work.
I also thankfully acknowledge the assistance received from my classmate, ----
any of student or friends------ for his helpful co-operation during the preparation of
this Thesis Report.

Date…………… ………………….
YOUR NAME
ID NO
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY
SECTOR – V, SALT-LAKE
KOLKATA – 700 091

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

I hereby forward this thesis paper entitled “THESIS TITLE” prepared by

STUDENT NAME (STUDENT ID) under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication
Engineering.

Date………………………. ……………………………….
Supervisor Name
Designation
ECE Department, Techno India University
Salt-lake, Kolkata – 700 091

COUNTERSIGNED BY COUNTERSIGNED BY

……………………………….. ……………………………………
Name: Name:
HOD, ECE Department TIC, ECE Department
Techno India University, Techno India University
Salt-lake, Kolkata – 700 091 Salt-lake, Kolkata – 700 091
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY
SECTOR – V, SALT-LAKE
KOLKATA – 700 091

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The thesis report of the final year project titled “Thesis Title” submitted by
STUDENT NAME & ID of Bachelor of Technology (ECE) 8th Semester, session
2015 - 2016 is hereby recommended to be accepted for the final fulfillment of the
requirements for Bachelor of Technology (ECE) degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering at Techno India University, Kolkata.

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1 ……………………… ………………………

2 ……………………… ………………………

3 ……………………... ………………………

4 …………………….. ………………………

5 …………………….. ……………………….
 Abstract

Write the summary of your work in one page including motivation,

objective, scope, work done, results etc (no table or figure should be
given)
 ----------------------------SAMPLES----------------------------------
List of Contents
(a sample format is given)

Contents Page No.

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Definition of Radon Transform …………………………… 1

1.2 Advantages of Radon Transform
Over other transforms used in image processing ………………… 2-3
1.3 Idea of Fast Radon Transform ……………………………... 4-5
1.4 Motivation of Work ……………………………………….. 5

Chapter 2: Mathematical Description and Physical

Explanation of Radon Transform

2.1 Mathematical Analysis ……………………………………... 6-7

2.2 Dirac Delta Function ……………………………………….. 7-8
2.3 Review of Radon Transform ……………………………….. 9-10

Chapter 3: Discrete Radon Transform

3.1 Discrete Approximation of Lines ……………………………. 11-12

3.2 Study of d-lines for an 8X8 array ……………………………. 13-20
3.3 D-lines Architecture (Forward) ……………………………… 21-24

Chapter 4: Parallel Pipeline Projection Engine (PPPE)

Architecture

4.1 Mathematical Background of PPPE Architecture ………….. 25-26

4.2 Description of PPPE Architecture
4.2.1 Forward Radon Transform Architecture
for PPPE Architecture ……………………………………. 27
4.2.2 Back-projection Architecture for
PPPE Architecture ……………………………………….. 28
4.2.3 Unified Processing Element (PE)
Architecture for PPPE Architecture ……………………... 29
4.2.4 Block Diagram of PPPE Architecture …………... 30-31
4.2.5 Analysis of PPPE Architecture …………………. 32
4.3 Modification of PPPE Architecture
4.3.1 Relation between pixels on
Horizontal Raster Scan line …………………………….. 33-34
4.3.2 Relation between pixels on
Vertical Raster Scan line ……………………………….. 34-35
4.3.3 Mathematical Relation between
 Projection angles ……………………………………….. 35-37

4.3.4 Block Diagram of Modified

PPPE Architecture …………………………………… 38
4.3.5 Top level Architecture of Modified
PPPE Architecture …………………………… 39-40
4.3.6 Analysis of Modified PPPE Architecture …... 41

Chapter 5: Conclusion ………………………………... 42

References ………………………………… 43-45

Appendix I…………………………………. i-xi

 ----------------------------SAMPLES----------------------------------

List of Figures

Figures Page No.

Fig. 2.1: Line Integral of an object ……………………….. ……. 6

Fig. 2.2: Implementation of a function

where –a/2<F(x)<a/2 ……………………………… 7

Fig. 3.1 – D-lines of width N are defined recursively

in terms of d-lines of width N/2 ……………………………... 11

Fig. 3.2 : Representation of d-lines for N=4

in even case …………………………….. 15

Fig. 3.3 : Representation of d-lines for N=4

in odd case …………………………….. 15

Fig. 3.4 : Representation of d-lines for N=8

in even case …………………………….. 19

Fig. 3.5 : Representation of d-lines for N=8

in odd case …………………………….. 20

Fig.3.6: Calculation for the value of ………………………….. 22

Fig. 3.7: Calculation for the values of ………………………… 23

Fig. 3.8: Forward architecture for D-lines data ………………….. 24

Fig. 4.1: Block Diagram of PPPE Architecture …………………… 25

Fig. 4.2: The integration path along s-lines ……………………… 25

Fig. 4.3: Forward Radon Transform Architecture

For PPPE Architecture …………………………………………….. 27

Fig. 4.4: Back-projection Architecture for

PPPE Architecture ………………………………………………… 28

Fig. 4.5: Unified PE architecture for PPPE Architecture …………. 29

Fig. 4.6: Block Diagram of PPPE Architecture …………………. 31

Fig. 4.7: Relation between pixels on
Horizontal raster-scan line ………………………………………. 33

Fig. 4.8: Relation between pixels on

Vertical raster-scan line ………………………………………. 34

Fig. 4.9: Graphical representation of Errors

for n=8, 9, 10 …………………………………………………. 37

Fig. 4.10: Block Diagram of modified

PPPE Architecture …………………………………………… 38

Fig. 4.11: Top level Architecture of Modified

PPPE Architecture …………………………………………... 40
 ----------------------------SAMPLES----------------------------------

List of Tables

Tables Page No.

Table -1: Equations of the lines
for both the even and odd case where N=4 …………………….. 13-14

Table – 2: Equations of the lines

for both the even and odd case where N=8 …………………….. 16-18

TABLE – 3: Errors of calculating the value of S-line ……….…… 36

 Chapter 1: Introduction

Introductory Chapter. For all the chapters, write in Times New Roman Font at 12 pt.,
1.5 or double line spacing. Spacing between paragraphs should be at least 12 pts.

Remember to print the copy single paged.

 Chapter 2: Literature Survey

Here you write the material available in various books or websites or papers. What
have you studied. How they are relevant to your work. The work already exist. What
are their limitations. Why have you chosen this field as your work.

Remember from here to chapter 4, you can suggest your own names for the chapters.
Here just some suggestive names/ Chapter topic names are given.
 Chapter 3: Name of your work/ Topic

Here you write whatever you have done in your final year project. How you are
motivated, what have you achieved, how have you achieved etc.
 Chapter 4: Results and Discussions

In this chapter, you write the results you got while performing the experiments. The
figures, graphs, comparison results etc. What have you achieved, how have you
improved.

If content is really less, chapter 3 and 4 can be merged.

 Chapter 5: Conclusions

This chapter ends with a concluding remark. What have you done and achieved in few
lines. You must also highlight what are the limitations of your work and add them as
your Future Works.

Remember that, though there is no hard and fast rule, minimum pages required is 60-
70, where the maximum number of pages can be upto 100 or 120. You have to hard
bound the printed thesis and submit to the department. Each may have one personal
copy as well.
 References

Give the references (Books, Internet web sources, papers, patents) used for your work

1.
2.
3.
4.
….
 Appendix-I

If any extra explanation, mathematical derivation is there, you can include it in

appendices. If you don’t have any, omit this part.