STATISTICS HONOURS SYLLABUS

Paper Code
Semester Courses Credits Marks
and No
Descriptive Statistics and
I STA-UG-E101 4 100
Probability Theory - I
Statistical Methods-I and
II STA-UG-E201 4 100
Probability Theory-II
Statistical Methods – II and
III STA-UG-E301 4 100
Computer Programming.
Mathematical Methods and
STA-UG-C401 4 100
Operation Research
IV
Survey Sampling and
STA-UG-C402 4 100
Experimental Design
STA-UG-C501 Statistical Inference 4 100
V Predictive Models: Regression
STA-UG-C502 4 100
and Time Series
Numerical Methods and
STA-UG-C601 4 100
Statistical Quality Control
VI
Official and Economic
STA-UG-C602 4 100
Statistics

STA-UG-E101: Descriptive Statistics and Probability Theory – I

Unit I: Types of data

Concepts of a statistical population and sample from a population; qualitative and quantitative
data; nominal and ordinal data; cross sectional and time series data; discrete and continuous data;
frequency and non-frequency data, primary and Secondary data, concept of questionnaire and
schedule. Presentation of Data and Statistical Graphics: Construction of tables with one or more
factors of classification. Diagrammatic and graphical representation of non-frequency data.
Frequency distributions, cumulative frequency distributions and their graphical and
diagrammatic representation-column diagram, histogram, frequency polygon and ogives.
Stem and leaf chart. Box plot, scatter diagram for bivariate data.

Unit II: Analysis of Quantitative Data

Univariate data. Concepts of central tendency or location, dispersion and relative dispersion,
quartiles, skewness and kurtosis, Absolute moments, factorial moments, Sheppard’s corrections
for moments for grouped data.
Analysis of Qualitative data: Consistency of data, Independence and Association of attributes,
measures of association and Contingency, Pearson and Yule’s measures, Goodman – Kruskal’s
gamma coefficient.

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Unit III: Probability Theory
Random experiment: trial, sample point and sample space, event, algebra of events, and concepts
of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.
Definition of probability: classical and relative frequency approach. Axiomatic approach, merits
and demerits of these approaches.(only general ideas to be given)
Discrete probability space, Properties of probability, Independence of events, Conditional
probability, total and compound probability rules, Baye’s theorem and its applications,
Paradoxes in Probability.

Unit IV: Laboratory Session

1. Construction of frequency distribution from raw data.
2. Graphical representation of frequency distribution: histogram and frequency polygon.
3. Box and Whisker plot.
4. Stem and leaf display.
5. Computation of mean, median, mode and quartiles.
6. Computation of variance, standard deviation and mean deviation.
7. Computation of skewness and kurtosis.
8. Computation of Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient.
9. Computation of Spearman’s rank correlation.
10. Computation of Kendall’s Tau.
11. Computation of Pearson- Yule’s Phi.
12. Computation of Goodman-Krushkal’s gamma.
13. Drawing Ogive curves and graphically determine the median.
14. Identifying the mode with help of frequency polygon.
15. Computation of measures of skewness and kurtosis for a frequency distribution.

Note: Some of the experiments may be done using Excel.

Reference books:
1. A M Goon , M K Gupta, B Dasgupta . Fundamental of Statistics, Vol 1 World Press
2. F E Croxton, D J Cowden, S Klein. Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall.
3. M R Spiegel. Theory and Problems of Statistics
4. P Mukhopadhyay. Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
5. K L Chung. Elementary Probability Theory with Stochastic Process, Springer
6. W Feller. An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Wiley
7. Bhattacharjee, D. and Das, K.K., Statistical Graphics for everyone, South Asian
Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Das, K.K., and Bhattacharjee, D. 101 Graphical Techniques, Asian Books Private
Limited, New Delhi.
9. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, 11th Edn,(Reprint),
Sultan chand and Sons.

STA-UG-E201: Statistical Methods-I and Probability Theory-II

Unit I: Random Variables

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Discrete and continuous random variables, p.m.f., p.d.f., c.d.f, and their properties. Expectations
of random variables and its properties. Moments and Cumulants, moment generating function,
cumulant generating function and probability generating function. Chebychev’s inequality, weak
law of large numbers.

Unit II: Standard Univariate Distributions

Standard discrete probability distributions- Degenerate, Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative
Binomial, Hyper geometric and Multinomial. Standard continuous probability distribution:
Normal, Uniform, Exponential, Beta, Gamma, Cauchy, Laplace.
Bivariate Distributions: Discrete and continuous type, c.d.f, p.d.f., p.m.f., marginal and
conditional distribution, independence, product moments, conditional expectation, moment
generating function and its properties. Bivariate normal distribution and its properties.

Unit III: Correlation and Regression

Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of correlation, lines of regression, Multiple of partial Correlation
Coefficients, Spearman’s rank Correlation and Kandalls’s Tau Coefficient.

Unit IV: Laboratory Sessions

1. Simulating a Binomial distribution using individual trials.
2. Simulating a Binomial distribution using the c.d.f.
3. Simulating a Negative Binomial distribution using individual trials.
4. Simulating a Negative Binomial distribution using the c.d.f.
5. Simulating a Poisson distribution using individual trials.
6. Simulating a Poisson distribution using the c.d.f.
7. Simulating a Discrete Uniform distribution using individual trials.
8. Simulating a Poisson distribution using the c.d.f.
9. Simulating a Exponential distribution using the c.d.f.
10. Simulating a Poisson distribution using Box – Muller and Polar Transformation method.
11. Simulating a Gamma distribution.
12. Simulating a Bivariate Normal distribution using marginal and Conditional Distribution.
13. Computation of a regression coefficient and intersect for a line of regression.
14. Computation Multiple Correlation Coefficient.
15. Computation of Partial Correlation Coefficient.

Note: Some of the laboratory sessions be conducted using R.

Reference books:
1. A M Goon , M K Gupta, B Dasgupta. Fundamental of Statistics, Vol 1 World Press
2. F E Croxton, D J Cowden, S Klein. Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall.
3. M R Spiegel. Theory and Problems of Statistics
4. P Mukhopadhyay. Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
5. K L Chung. Elementary Probability Theory with Stochastic Process, Springer
6. W Feller. An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Wiley
7. Bhattacharjee, D. and Das, K.K., Statistical Graphics for everyone, South Asian
Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Das, K.K., and Bhattacharjee, D. 101 Graphical Techniques, Asian Books Private

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Limited, New Delhi.
9. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, 11th Edn,(Reprint),
Sultan chand and Sons.

STA-UG-C301: Statistical Methods – II and Computer Programming

Unit I: Basic Concept of Testing of Hypothesis

Null and Alternative hypotheses, Types of Errors, Critical Region, Level of Significance, Power
and p-values, Exact tests of hypotheses under Normal set-up for a single mean, the equality of
two means, a single variance and the equality of two variances, Test of Significance of sample
correlation coefficient (null case) and tests of hypotheses for the equality of means and equality
of variances of a bivariate Normal distribution.

Unit II: Sampling Distribution

Random sample, Estimate, Parameter and Statistic, Sampling distribution of a statistic, Statement
and applications of χ2, t, and F distribution, large sample tests, and confidence interval of sample
mean and proportion, C.L.T., Standard Error of Sample mean and Sample Proprtion; Distribution
of Sample mean and Sample variance. Distribution of Sample Correlation Coefficient (Null
Case).

Unit III: Programming in C

Introduction to C language, Structure of a C – Programme. Data type, variable declaration,
inputs/ output, arithmetic, relational and logical operators, Control Statement, Arrays, functions,
pointers, recursion.

Unit IV: Laboratory Session

1. Writing a C program to carry out computations such as conversion between Celsius and
Fahrenheit, calculation of interest, and similar other examples.
2. Computation the mean and variance of given data.
3. Sorting given numbers in ascending or descending order.
4. Writing program using conditional statements.
5. Writing program using “ WHILE( )….” Loop.
6. Writing program using “ DO ( ) WHLE” loop.
7. Writing program recursive procedure.
8. Writing program using a single array.
9. Writing program using double array.
10. Writing program define a function
11. -15. Special practice session to find errors and to debug programs. Also few more
programs converting pointers, recursion etc. be covered.

Note: laboratory session should aim at giving students a hands-on experience of programming in
C language.

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Reference books
1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. & Dasgupta B. (1994): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol-1
World Press
2. Johnson, N.I. & Kotz S. (1970): Distributions in Statistics, John Wiley
3. Ross S.M. (1972): Introduction to Probability Models, Academic Press
4. Mood A.M., Graybill F. & Boes D.C. (1974): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics (3rd
ed), McGraw Hill
5. Rao C.R. (1952): Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research, John Wiley
6. Hogg R.V. & Craig A.T. (1978): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
7. Rohatgi V.K. (1984): An Introduction to Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics, John
Wiley
8. Stuart G & Ord J.K. (1991): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 2), Charles Griffin
9. Goon A. M., Gupta M. K. and Dasgupta B. (1997): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-1), World
Press
10. Bhattacharya GK & Johnson R. A. (1977): Concepts & Methods of Statistics, John Wiley
11. Balaguruswamy, E. (2008): Progrqamming in ANSI C, 4th Edn., Tata McGraw Hill.
12. Kanetkar, Y. (2008): Let Us C. BPB Publication.
13. Rajaraman, V. (2007): computer Programming in C, Prentice Hall of India.

STA-UG-C401: Mathematical Methods and O.R.

Unit I: Algebra
Sets, binary relation, Definition and examples of groups, rings and fields, vector space with
illustrations, sub spaces, span, base and change of base, dimensions, orthogonal vectors,
orthogonal basis, Gram – Schmidt orthognalization process.

Unit II: Real Analysis

Representation of real numbers as point on the line and the set of real numbers as complete order
field. Bounded and unbounded sets, neighbourhood, limit and interior points, supremum and
infimum, open and closed sets, sequences and convergences, limits of some special sequences
such as and Cauchy’s general principle of convergence, Cauchy’s theorem on
limits, monotonic sequences, limit superior and limit inferior of a bounded sequence.
Infinite series, positive term series and their convergences, comparison tests, D’ Alembert’s ratio
test, Cauchy’s nth root test Raabe’s test, Gauss test and Maclaurine’s integral test. Leibnitz test
for the convergence of alternating series, absolute convergence and conditional convergence of
series.

Unit III: Introduction to OR

Phases of OR, model building and various types of OR problems.
Linear programming: Models, graphical solutions, simplex methods, Big M method. Concept of
duality, dual simplex techniques.

Unit IV: The transportation problems

North West corner rule, Vogel’s approximation method and MODI’s method to find optimal
solution. The assignment problems and its solution techniques.

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Network: Idea of Network node, activities, dummy activity, construction of networkdiagram.
C.P.M: Network scheduling using C.P.M: determination of different types of floats and slacks,
determination of Critical path.
PERT: Basic definition of PERT and its usefulness; brief idea of optimistic time, pessimistic
time and most likely time (PERT calculations are not required)

Reference books
1. Hadley G. (1995): Linear Algebra, Addison Wesley/ Narosa
2. Rao A.R. & Bhimasankaran P. (1996): Linear Algebra
3. Narayan Shanti. Mathematical Analysis, S Chand and Co
4. Rudin W. Principles of Mathematical Analysis, McGraw Hill
5. Apostol T.M., Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House
6. Malik S.C., Mathematical Analysis
7. Deshpande J.V., Text Book of Mathematical Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill
8. H A Taha. Operations Research, Macmillan Publishing
9. F S Hiller , G J Libermann. Introduction to Operations Research, McGraw Hill

STA-UG-C402: Survey Sampling and Experimental Design

Unit I: Sample survey

Concepts of population and sample, complete enumeration vs sampling, principle and orthogonal
aspects of sample survey, sampling errors and non-sampling errors and their sources. Probability
sampling. Simple random sampling with and without replacement for the estimation of mean
total and proportion.

Unit II: Stratified Random Sampling

Different allocations, proportional and Neyman allocation. Linear and circular systematic
sampling, estimation of mean and variance, performance of systematic sampling in populations
with linear trend.

Unit III: Experimental Designs

Role, historical perspective, terminology, basic principles. Basic designs-completely
Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Block Design (RBD), Latin Square Design (LSD)-
Layout, model and statistical analysis, relative efficiency, analysis with missing observations.
Factorial Design ( .

Unit IV: Laboratory Session

1. Selecting a simple random sample with replacement using random numbers.
2. Selecting a simple random sample without replacement using random numbers.
3. Selecting a simple random sample without replacement using discrete uniform
distribution.
4. Selecting a simple random sample with replacement using discrete uniform distribution.
5. Selecting a stratified random sample with replacement using proportional allocation.
6. Selecting a stratified random sample with replacement using Neyman allocation.

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 7. Estimating the population mean under SRSWOR, Stratified random sampling
(proportional allocation) stratified random sampling (Neyman allocation).
8. Selecting a systematic sample and estimating the population mean. Computing the
sampling variance of the estimation.
9. Analysis of CRD.
10. Analysis of RBD.
11. Analysis of LSD.
12. Relative efficiency of RBD with respect to CRD.
13. Relative efficiency of RBD with respect to CRD and RBD.
14. Analysis of RBD with one missing value.

Reference books
1. A M Goon, M K Gupta, B Dasgupta. Fundamental of Statistics, Vol & 2, World Press
2. A M Goon, M K Gupta, B Dasgupta. Outllines of Statistics, Vol 1& 2, World Press
3. P Mukhopadhyay. Applied Statistics, New Central Book Agency
5. Sukhatme et al. Sampling theory and methods
6. P Mukhopadhyay. Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling, New Central Book Agency
7. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Fundamental of Applied Statistics, 11th Edn,(Reprint), Sultan
Chand and Sons.

STA-UG-C501: Statistical Inference

Unit I: Point Estimation

Parameter space, sample space, requirements of good estimators-Unbiasedness, Consistency,
Efficiency, Sufficiency and Completeness, minimum variance unbiased (MVU) estimators.
Frechet – Rao – Cramer inequality and itts applications, Rao – Blackwell theorem. Method of
estimation – maximum likelihood, moments, minimum variance, minimum Chi – Square, list
squares. Properties of maximum likelihood estimators (without proof).

Unit II: Interval Estimation

Confidence intervals, pivotal quantity method of contracting confidence intervals, confidence
intervals for parameters of one and two normal populations, confidence interval for proportions.

Unit III: Testing of Hypothesis

Simple and Composite hypotheses, most powerful test, randomized test, Neyman Pearson
Lemma and applications, exact tests for parameters for normal populations, Likelihood Ratio
test, properties of LR tests (without proof).

Unit IV: Non-Parametric test: tests for goodness of fit (one sample KS, chi-square), randomness
(one sample run test) one sample location test (sign and signed rank test), two sample location
tests (Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon rank sum, median), general two sample tests (run and two
sample KS).

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Reference books
1. A M Goon, M K Gupta, B Dasgupta. Fundamental of Statistics, Vol 2, World Press
2. P Mukhopadhyay. Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
3. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, 11th Ed, (Reprint),
Sultan Chand and Sons.

STA-UG-C502: Predictive Models: Regression and Time Series

Unit I: General linear Models

Gauss -Markov linear models, method of least squares, estimability and BLUE, Gauss-Markov
theorem, estimation of error variance.
Analysis of Variance: Analysis of one-way classified data, two –way classified data with one
observation per cell, two-way classified data with equal observation per cell, two-way classified
data with unequal number of observations per cell for fixed effects model.

Unit II: Regression Models

Simple linear regression- fitting, tests and confidence intervals for parameters of the model, test
for lack of fit. Multiple linear regression- fitting, tests and confidence intervals for parameters of
the model.

Unit III: Time Series

Introduction, decomposition of a time series, different component with illustrations.
Measurement of trend- Graphical method, method of semi- averages, method of fitting curves
(straight line, polynomials, growth curves modified- exponential curves, Gompertz curve and
Logistic curves). Method of moving averages, Measurement seasonal variation- method of
simple averages, ratio to trend method, ratio to moving averages method and link relative
method, residual method.

Unit IV: Laboratory Session

1. Analysis of two-way classified data with interaction
2. Pair wise comparisons of blocks and treatments. Tukey and Scheffe methods.
3. Fitting a simple linear regression. Estimation, testing and confidence intervals for the
regression coefficients.
4. Test for lack of fit in simple linear regression.
5. Fitting multiple linear regression, estimation, testing and confidence intervals for the
parameters of the models. Fitting may be done by shifting and origin methods.
6. Decomposition of time series in different components
7. Fitting curves to time series- 1
8. Fitting curves to time series- 2
9. Computation of moving average
10. Measurement of seasonal variation.
11. Residual analysis in time series
12. Multiple linear regression using R functions
13. Time series -1 using R packages.
14. Time series -2 using R packages.

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 Note: Some of the laboratory session be conducted using R functions and packages.

Reference books
1. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Fundamental of Applied Statistics, 11th Edn, (Reprint),
Sultan Chand and Sons.
2. P Mukhopadhyay. Applied Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
3. C Chatfield. The Analysis of Time Series – An Introduction , Chapman and Hall
4. Draper, N.R. and Smith, H. (1998): Applied Regression Analysis, 2nd Edn. John Wiley &
Sons.
5. Montogomery, D.C., Peck, E.A. and Vining, G.G. (2006): Introduction to linear
Regression Analysis, 4th Edn. John Wiley and Sons.

STA-UG-C601: Numerical Methods and Statistical Quality Control

Unit I: Numerical Analysis

Operators: Shift operators(E), forward difference( ), backward difference( ), central
difference( ) and inter-relations between them. Finite difference of order n, divided differences
of order n and interpolation. Newton’s forward, backward and divided difference interpolation
formula. Lagrange’s interpolation formula. Central difference formula: Gauss, Everett and
Stirling’s formulae.

Unit II: Numerical Integration

Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rd and 3/8 th rule, Weddle’s rule, Euler-Maclaurin’s formula.
Solution of nonlinear equations- Bisection, Graphical method, Regula Falsi Method, Method of
Iteration, Newton-Raphson methods.

Unit III: Statistical Quality Control

Introduction: Concepts of Quality and Quality Control, Process Control and Product Control.
Process Control: Control Charts and their uses, Choice of Subgroup sizes, Construction of
control charts by attributes (p, c, np) (including unequal subgroup size) and variables ( − X , R).
Interpretation of nonrandom patterns of points.
Product Control: Producer’s Risk, Consumer’s Risk, Acceptance Sampling Plan, Single and
Double sampling plans by attributes, their OC, ASN ( and ATI ), LTPD and AOQL. Single
sampling plan for inspection by variables (one-sided specification, known and unknown σ cases),
Use of IS plans and tables.

Unit IV: Laboratory Session

1. Computation of finite differences.
2. Interpolation using Newton’s – forward and Backward difference formulae.
3. Interpolation using Lagrange’s interpolation formula.
4. Interpolation using central difference formula.
5. Numerical integration using Trapezoidal, Simpson’s 1/3rd and Simpsons 3/8 rules.
6. Solving and algebraic and transcendental equations using bisection, regular – falsi and
Newton – Raphson methods.

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 7. Drawing of X - charts.
8. Drawing of R – charts.
9. Drawing of np – charts.
10. Drawing of c – charts.
11. Drawing of OC curve for single and double sampling plans for attributes.
12. AOQ and ATI curves.
13. Writing C program for numerical integration and solving equations.

Note: Some of the laboratory session in numerical metods may be conducted using MATLAB.

Reference books
1. H C Saxena. Calculus of Finite Difference.
2. Bradie, B. (2006): A Friendly introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearsons Education,
India.
3. Sastry, S.S. (2000): Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, 3rd Edn, Prentice Hall
of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Goon A. M., Gupta M. K., Dasgupta B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2), World
Press
5. Duncan A.J. (1953): Quality Control and Industrial Statistics, Richard D Irwin
6. Cowden D.J. (1957): Statistical Methods in Quality Control, Prentice Hall
7. Grant E.L. & Leavenworth (1964): Statistical Quality Control, McGraw Hill
8. Bowley A.H. & Goode H.P. (1952): Sampling Inspection by Variables, McGraw Hill
9. Ekambaram S. K. (1960): The Statistical Basis of Quality Cont. Charts, Asia Publishing
House
10. Montgomery D.C. (1985): Introduction to Statistical Quality control, John Wiley
11. IS2500 Part I and Part II
12. Bureau of Indian Standards (1994): Handbook on Statistical quality Control.

STA-UG-C602: Official and Economic Statistics

Unit I: Study of population Census in India

(Highlights of last two censuses); India as a whole & the state of Sikkim. The Central and State
Government organizations, the functions of the Central Statistical Organization (CSO), the
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), Functions of National Statistical Commission
(NSC) Simple Registration system.
National Income statistics: Income, expenditure and production approaches. Their applications in
various sectors in India.

Unit II: Demography

Source of demographic data, vital rates, crude birth rates, general fertility rates, age specific
fertility rates, total fertility rate, gross and net reproduction rates, crude death rate, age specific
mortality rates, infant mortality rate, complete life table- concepts, different columns & their
relationships; Standardised rates, idea of abridged life table without construction, Population
Projection by Logistic curve and its fitting, Basic idea of Stable and Stationary population.

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Unit III: Index Numbers
Definition, construction of index numbers by different methods, problems faced in their
construction, criterion of a good index number, Tests for index numbers, time reversal, factor
reversal. Errors in the construction of index numbers. Chain and fixed based index numbers.
Base shifting, splicing and deflating index numbers. Cost of living index numbers- construction
and uses.Wholesale price index and index of industrial production.

Unit IV: Demand Analysis

Theory of consumption and demand, demand function, elasticity of demand, determination of
elasticity of demand by family budget method, Lorentz curve and Gini’s coefficient, Engel’s law
and Engel’s curve, Pareto’s law of income distribution.

Reference books
1. C.S.O. (1984): Statistical System in India.
2. Goon A. M., Gupta M. K, and Dasgupta. B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (V-2),World
Press
3. Yule G.U. & Kendall M.G. (1953): An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, C.Griffin
4. Kendall M.G. & Stuart A. (1966): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 3), C.Griffin
5. Croxton F.E., Cowden D.J. & Klein (1969): Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall
6. Mudgett B.D. (1951): Index Numbers, John Wiley
7. Allen R.G.D. (1975): Index Numbers in Theory and Practice, Macmillan
8. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics
9. Johnston J. & Dinardo J. (1997): Econometric Methods, McGraw Hill
10. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics, 11th Edn, (Reprint),
Sultan Chand and Sons.

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