INSTRUCTION MANUAL & OBSERVATION BOOK

EELR11- DC MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERS

LABORATORY

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620015
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

EELR11- DC MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERS LABORATORY

Name:

Roll number:

Department:

Batch:

Sl Name of the experiments Date of Date of Marks Signature

no. experiments submission

TOTAL
Experiment No.: 1 Date:

SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM: To obtain the no-load speed characteristics of the DC shunt
motor using field and Armature control methods.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity
1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter

3 Wire wound rheostat

4 Digital tachometer
5 Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS
1. Appropriate fuse wire should be fixed.
2. The DPST switch should be in the open position.
3. The motor field rheostat should be kept at a minimum position, and the
armature rheostat should be kept at a maximum position.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR
(0-20)A (0-20)A
MC MC
+ A L F A A
Fuse
D
P A (0-2)A
S MC 5A
T
230V
(0-300)V A
DC S V
MC
Supply W 1.7A F
I (0-300)V
T V M
MC
C
H
FF AA

-
 NAME PLATE DETAILS
MOTOR
RATED VOLTAGE
RATED CURRENT
RATED POWER
RATED SPEED

PROCEDURE
• FIELD CONTROL METHOD
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close the DPST switch.
3. Set the armature voltage of the motor at a certain value by adjusting the
armature rheostat of the motor,
4. Vary the field rheostat of the motor and note down the field current and the
corresponding motor speed.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for two more different values of the armature voltage.
6. Bring the field and armature rheostats of the motor to their initial position.

• ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD

1. Set the field current at a certain value by adjusting the field rheostat of the
motor.
2. Vary the armature rheostat of the motor and note down the armature
voltage and the corresponding motor speed.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for two more different values of the field current.
4. Bring the field and armature rheostat of the motor to its initial position.
5. Open the DPST switch and disconnect the circuit.
TABLE.1 FIELD CONTROL METHOD

Sl Va1= Va2= Va3=

No. 𝑰𝒇 (A) N 𝑰𝒇 (A) N 𝑰𝒇 (A) N
(rpm) (rpm) (rpm)

TABLE.2 ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD

Sl If1= If2= If3=

No. 𝑽𝒂 (V) N 𝑽𝒂 (V) N 𝑽𝒂 (V) N
(rpm) (rpm) (rpm)
RESULTS

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
Connection
Results
Viva
Staff Signature
Experiment No.: 2 Date:

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM: To perform the load test on the DC shunt motor and obtain the
load characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity
1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter

3 Wire wound rheostat

4 Digital tachometer
5 Connecting wires
6 Connected load

PRECAUTIONS
1. Appropriate fuse wire should be fixed.
2. The DPST switch should be in the open position.
3. The motor field rheostat should be kept at a minimum position, and the
armature rheostat should be kept at a maximum position.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR
(0-20)A (0-20)A
MC MC
+ A L F A A
Fuse
D S1 S2
P A (0-2)A (Kg) (Kg)
S MC 5A
T
230V
(0-300)V A
DC S V
MC
Supply W 1.7A F
I (0-300)V
T V M
MC
C
H Brake Drum
FF AA

-
 NAME PLATE DETAILS
MOTOR
RATED VOLTAGE
RATED CURRENT
RATED POWER
RATED SPEED

PROCEDURE
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close the DPST switch.
3. Gradually bring the armature rheostat of the motor to its minimum position
to apply the rated voltage.
4. Adjust the field rheostat of the motor to obtain the rated speed.
5. Note down the no load readings.
6. Apply the load by tightening the belt in the brake drum arrangement.
7. Note down the values of 𝑰𝑳 , 𝐕𝐋 , N, and the spring balance readings.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 till the ammeter reads the rated current of the motor.
9. Remove the load by loosening the belt in the brake drum arrangement.
10.Bring the field and armature rheostats of the motor to their initial position.
11.Open the DPST switch and disconnect the circuit.

FORMULAE TO BE USED

1 Input power 𝑃𝑖 = 𝐼𝐿 VL (W)

2 Torque T =9.81 * (Si-S2) * (R + t/2) (N-m)
3 Output Power Po= 2πNT/ 60 (W)
4 Efficiency η = (Output power/input power) * 100 (%)

Where,
VL - Line voltage (V)
𝐼𝐿 - Line current (A)
S1 - Reading of the spring balance 1 (kg)
S2 - Reading of the spring balance 2 (kg)
R - Radius of the brake drum (m)
t - Thickness of the belt (m)
 Speed and torque characteristics of DC shunt motor

TABLE - LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

SL Line Line Speed Spring Torque Output Input Efficiency

No. Voltage Current N balance T (N-m) Power Power (η) %
𝐕𝐋 (𝑽) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨) (rpm) readings Po (W) Pi
(W)
S1 S2
(kg) (kg)
RESULTS

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
Connection
Results
Viva
Staff Signature
Experiment No.: 3 Date:

LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

AIM: To perform the load test on the DC series motor and obtain the
load characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity
1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter

3 Wire wound rheostat

4 Digital tachometer
5 Connecting wires
6 Connected load

PRECAUTIONS
1. Appropriate fuse wires should be fixed.
2. The DPST switches should be in the open position.
3. The motor armature rheostat should be kept in maximum position.
4. Safe load must be applied before starting.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

(0-20)A
MC
+ A L A
Fuse Y
D S1 S2
P (Kg) (Kg)
S
T YY
230V
(0-300)V A
DC S V
MC
Supply W
I (0-300)V
T V M
MC
C
H Brake Drum
AA

-
 NAME PLATE DETAILS
MOTOR
RATED VOLTAGE
RATED CURRENT
RATED POWER
RATED SPEED

PROCEDURE

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram 5.1.

2. Apply a safe load before starting.
3. Close the DPST switch.
4. Gradually bring the armature rheostat of the motor to its minimum position
to apply the rated voltage.
5. Note down the no load readings.
6. Apply the load by tightening the belt in the brake drum arrangement.
7. Note down the values of 𝑰𝑳 , 𝐕𝐋 , N, and the spring balance readings.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 till the ammeter reads the rated current of the motor.
9. Remove the load by loosening the belt in the brake drum arrangement.
10.Bring the armature rheostats of the motor to their initial position.
11.Open the DPST switch and disconnect the circuit.

FORMULAE TO BE USED

1. Input power, Pin = VI

2. Shaft torque, T =(S1-S2) R g Nm
3. Output power, Po = (2πNT/60) Watts
4. %Efficiency η = (Po / Pin) * 100

Where,
V=Line voltage (V)
I=Line current (A)
S1=Reading of the spring balance 1 (kg)
S2=Reading of the spring balance 2 (kg)
R=Radius of the brake drum (m)
T=Thickness of the belt (m)
 MODEL GRAPHS

TABLE - LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

SL Line Line Speed Spring Torque Output Input Efficiency

No. Voltage Current N balance T (N-m) Power Power (η) %
𝐕𝐋 (𝑽) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨) (rpm) readings Po (W) Pi (W)
S1 S2
(kg) (kg)
MODEL CALCULATION
RESULTS

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
Connection
Results
Viva
Staff Signature
Experiment No.:04 Date

OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT

GENERATOR

AIM: To obtain experimentally the open circuit characteristics of DC

shunt generator at rated speed and hence
1. To deduce the characteristics at two-thirds of the rated speed.
2. To predetermine the shunt field circuit resistance required to build
up rated emf at rated speed, critical field resistance and critical speed.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity
1 DC Shunt Generator
2 DC Shunt Motor
3 Ammeter
4 Voltmeter
5 Rheostat

6 SPST Switch
7 Tachometer

PRECAUTIONS
1. The field rheostat of motor should be in minimum resistance position at
time of starting and stopping of the machine.
2. The armature rheostat of motor should be in maximum resistance position
at time of starting and stopping of the machine.
3. The field rheostat of generator should be in maximum resistance position
the time of starting and stopping of the machine.
4. DPST-1 should be kept open during starting and stopping of the machine.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF DC
SHUNT GENERATOR

NAME PLATE DETAILS Motor Generator

RATED VOLTAGE
RATED CURRENT
RATED POWER
RATED SPEED

PROCEDURE

FIELD CONTROL METHOD

1. Make Connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keeping the motor field rheostat at minimum position motor armature
rheostat at the maximum position and SPST switch open the DC supply is
given to the motor.
3. The motor armature rheostat is brought to the minimum position now it is
brought to rated speed using the filed rheostat.
 4. With the SPST switch open the emf due to residual magnetism is noted
down.
5. Then the SPST switch is closed and the field excitation of the generator
field rheostat and at each step generated emf is noted down at least 10
readings to be noted.
6. This procedure is continued until the build-up voltage of the generator
reaches 110% of created voltage.
7. Readings are tabulated throughout the experiment speed must be
maintained constant.

DATA PROCESSED-
1. A tangent is drawn to the linear portion of the OCC passing through the
origin taken out taken at rated speed.
Critical field resistance = slope of the tangent.
2. To obtain OCC at 2/3rd of the rated speed:
At any given moment, emf induced is proportional to speed.

𝐸𝐺1 𝑁𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
=
𝐸𝐺2 𝑁2

𝑁2
𝐸𝐺2 = ( ) 𝐸𝐺1
𝑁𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑

3. Field circuit resistance to be built up rated EMF is calculated from the

OCC drawn at rated speed.
4. Critical speed at a given field current: Join the point of rated EMF on
OCC drawn at rated speed to origin. This is the field assistance line to get
rated EMF at rated speed.
𝑅𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
=
𝑅𝐹𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑁𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑅𝐹𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝑁𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = ( )𝑁
𝑅𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
 MODEL GRAPH

TABLE- OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT

GENERATOR
Sl Field Current IF (A) Induced EMF at Speed
No. rated speed EG (V) (RPM)
MODEL CALCULATONS-
RESULTS

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
Connection
Results
Viva
Staff Signature
Experiment No.: 05 Date:

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT GENERATOR

AIM: To obtain the internal and external characteristics of the DC

shunt generator by load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity
1 Voltmeter

2 Ammeter

3 Wire wound rheostat

4 Digital tachometer
5 Connecting wires
6 Connected load

PRECAUTIONS

1. The field rheostat of motor should be in minimum resistance position at

time of starting and stopping of the machine.
2. The armature rheostat of motor should be in maximum resistance position
at time of starting and stopping of the machine.
3. The field rheostat of generator should be in maximum resistance position
the time of starting and stopping of the machine.
4. While measuring armature resistance, the armature of the machine should
be stationary.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT GENERATOR

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE OF DC SHUNT

GENERATOR

NAME PLATE DETAILS

MOTOR TYPE
RATED VOLTAGE
RATED CURRENT
RATED POWER
RATED SPEED
PROCEDURE

1. Make Circuit is connected as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. After connecting the circuit, the motor field rheostat is kept at minimum
position and generator field rheostat is kept at maximum position.
3. The generator is driven at its rated speed with the help of prime mover (DC
motor).
4. The generator field excitation is adjusted to get the rated no-load voltage
on open circuit.
5. A resistive load is connected as shown in figure.
6. The generator is loaded gradually upto full load.
7. The field current of the generator is kept constant by adjusting the
generator rheostat.
8. The speed of the motor is checked for different loads and it is kept constant
by adjusting the motor rheostat.
9. The terminal voltage, load current and shunt field current are noted for
various loads.

FORMULAE TO BE USED

Armature Current (Ia) = IL + Ish

Generated emf (Eg) = V + Ia(Ra+Rse) =

Characteristics of DC shunt Generator

 TABLE.1 - LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Speed = RPM
SL Load Field Armature Terminal Induced Input Speed
No. Current Current Current Voltage Voltage Voltage

𝐈𝐋 𝑰𝑭 𝑰𝑨 = 𝑰𝑳 + 𝑰𝑭 𝑽𝑻 𝑬𝑮 𝑽𝒊𝒏 N

(𝑨) (𝑨) (𝑨) (𝑽) (𝑽) (𝑽) (𝑽)

TABLE.2 – To find RA by V-I method

Voltage Armature Armature

across Current Resistance
SL
Armature
NO. 𝑽𝑨
𝑽𝑨 (𝑽) 𝑰𝑨 (𝑨)
𝑹𝑨 =
𝑰𝑨
( Ω)
MODEL CALCULATIONS-
RESULTS

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
Connection
Results
Viva
Staff Signature
Experiment No.:06 Date:

LOAD TEST ON DC COMPOUND GENERATOR

AIM: To perform the load test on the DC compound generator and

obtain the external characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity
1 Voltmeter

2 Ammeter

3 Wire wound rheostat

4 Digital tachometer
5 Connecting wires
6 Resistive Load
7 SPST Switch
8 DC Compound Generator
and prime mover

PRECAUTIONS
1. Initially DPST switches should be kept in the open position.
2. The field rheostat of motor should be in minimum resistance position at
time of starting and stopping of the machine.
3. The armature rheostat of motor should be in maximum resistance position
at time of starting and stopping of the machine.
4. The field rheostat of generator should be in maximum resistance position
the time of starting and stopping of the machine.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - LOAD TEST ON DC COMPOUND
GENERATOR
CUMMULITIVE TYPE

DIFFERENTIAL TYPE

NAME PLATE DETAILS

MOTOR
RATED VOLTAGE
RATED CURRENT
RATED POWER
RATED SPEED
PROCEDURE

1. Make Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. After connecting the circuit, the motor field rheostat is kept at minimum
position and generator field rheostat is kept at maximum position.
3. The generator is driven at its rated speed with the help of prime mover (DC
motor).
4. The generator field excitation is adjusted to get the rated terminal voltage
on open circuit.
5. A resistive load is connected as shown in figure through a 2-pole switch
fuse and the generator is loaded gradually upto full load.
6. The field current of the generator is kept constant by adjusting the
generator rheostat.
7. The speed of the motor is checked for different loads and it is kept constant
by adjusting the motor rheostat.
8. The terminal voltage and shunt field current are noted for various loads.

FORMULAE TO BE USED

Armature current (IA) = IL+ IF A

Generated Voltage (EG) = VT +IA (RA+RSE) V

MODEL GRAPHS
 TABLE - LOAD TEST ON CUMULATIVE COMPOUND DC
GENERATOR
Ra = __________ Ohms, Rse=_________Ohms

SL Load Field Terminal Generated Motor side

No. Current Current Voltage EMF
𝑰𝑳 𝑰𝑭 𝐕𝐓 𝐄𝐆 Armature Speed
current N
(𝑨) (𝑨) (𝑽) (𝑽) 𝑰𝑨
(𝑨) (𝑨)

TABLE - LOAD TEST ON DIFFERENTIAL COMPOUND DC

GENERATOR
Ra = __________ Ohms, Rse=_________Ohms

SL Load Current Field Current Terminal Voltage Generated EMF

No. 𝑰𝑳 𝑰𝑭 𝐕𝐓 𝐄𝐆
(𝑨) (𝑨) (𝑽) (𝑽)
MODEL CALCULATION
RESULTS

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
Connection
Results
Viva
Staff Signature
Experiment No.: 7 Date:

OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON SINGLE

PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM: To determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a single-phase

transformer and to predetermine the efficiency and voltage
regulation.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity

1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter

3 Wattmeter

4 DPST Switches
5 Connecting wires
6 Transformers

PRECAUTIONS

1. Appropriate fuse wires should be fixed.

2. The DPST switch and SPST switch should be in open position.
3. The Autotransformer should be in zero position.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Short circuit test

Fig 7.1: Circuit Diagram for short circuit test

Open circuit test

Fig 7.2: Circuit diagram for open circuit test

PROCEDURE

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST

1. Make the connections as shown in circuit diagram 7.1.
2. Close the DPST switch and SPST switch.
3. Adjust the autotransformer to apply the rated voltage.
4. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter readings.
5. Bring the auto transformer to its zero position.
6. Open the SPST switch, DPST switch and disconnect the circuit.

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

1. Make the connections as shown in circuit diagram 7.2.
2. Close the DPST switch and SPST switch.
3. Adjust the auto transformer till the ammeter reads the rated current.
4. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter readings.
5. Bring the autotransformer to its zero position.
6. Open the SPST switch, and DPST switch and disconnect the circuit.
.

FORMULAE TO BE USED

𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∗ 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST

Wo =Vo Io cosФo (W)

cosФo = Wo/ (Vo Io)
Iw = Io cosФo (A)
Ro = Vo/Iw (Ω)
Im = Io sinФo (A)
Xo = Vo/Im (Ω)
Where,
 Wo=No load iron loss (W) Iw=Active current (A)
Vo=Primary voltage (V) Im=Magnetizing current (A)
Io=No load current (A) Ro=Core loss resistance (Ω)
cosФo=No load power factor xo=Magnetizing reactance (Ω)

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

𝑍01 = 𝑉𝑠𝑐 /𝐼𝑠𝑐 (Ω)

𝑅01 = 𝑊𝑠𝑐/(𝐼𝑠𝑐)2 (Ω)
2 2
𝑋01 = √𝑍01 − 𝑅01 (Ω)

Where,

Vsc = Short circuit voltage (V)

Isc = Short circuit current (A)
𝑋01 = Equivalent reactance referred to primary (Ω)
𝑍01 = Equivalent impedance referred to primary (Ω)

η = (Output power / Input Power) * 1 %

𝑥∗(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑘𝑉𝐴)∗ cosФ∗ 102

η= (𝑥∗(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑘𝑉𝐴)∗ cosФ∗ 102 )+𝑊𝑜+ 𝑥 2 𝑊𝑠𝑐
∗ 100

Where,

x - Fraction of load

𝑋∗𝐼𝑠𝑐 (𝑅01 cosФ±𝑋01 sinФ)

% Voltage regulation = 𝑉𝑎
* 100

Where,
(+) for lagging and (-) for leading power factor
MODEL GRAPHP

TABLE- OPEN CIRCUIT TEST

Vo (V) Io (A) Wattmeter Reding Wo

Observed (div) Actual (W)

TABLE- SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

Vsc (V) Isc (A) Wattmeter Reading Wsc

Observed (div) Actual (W)
MODEL CALCULATION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF SINGLE-PHASE
TRANSFORMER

TABLE- VOLTAGE REGULATION

𝐜𝐨𝐬Ф X=1 X=0.5

% Voltage regulation % Voltage regulation
Lag Lead Lag Lead
MODEL CALCULATION
RESULTS

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
Connection
Results
Viva
Staff Signature
Experiment No.: 8 Date:

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM: To conduct load test on a single-phase transformer and to

determine the % efficiency and % voltage regulation.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl No. Name of the apparatus Range/Ratings Quantity

1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter

3 Wattmeter

4 SPST Switches
5 Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS

1. Appropriate fuse wires should be fixed.

2. Both DPST switches should be kept in open position
3. The autotransformer should be kept in zero position.
4. All load switches should be kept in open position.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM- LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE
TRANSFORMER

Fig 8.1: Circuit Diagram for load test

PROCEDURE

1. Make the connections as shown in circuit diagram 8.1.

2. Close the DPST Si.
3. Adjust the auto transformer to apply rated voltage across the primary
winding.
4. Close the DPST S2 and note down the no load readings.
5. Apply the load and note down the ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeter
readings.
6. Repeat step 5 till the ammeter reads the rated current.
7. Open all the load switches one by one. Open DPST S2.
8. Bring the auto transformer to zero position.
9. Open DPST S1 and disconnect the circuit.
 FORMULAE TO BE USED

𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∗ 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑊𝑠
% η = 𝑊𝑝 ∗ 100

𝑉𝑠𝑜−𝑉𝑠
% Regulation = ∗ 100
𝑉𝑠
Where,
Wp- Input power in the primary (W)
Ws- Output power in the secondary (W)
Vso - No load secondary voltage (V)
Vs - Secondary voltage at load (V)

TABLE-LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

SL Vp (V) Ip (A) Input power in Vs (V) Is (A) Output Efficiency %

No. primary Wp power in (%) Regula
(W) secondary tion
Obs. Act Ws (W)
(div) (W)
MODEL GRAPH

MODEL CALCULATION
RESULT

INFERENCE

Category Maximum marks Marks Obtained

Observation/Record
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