Q.P.

code :- 58653

ENGINEERING MECHANICS – SEMESTER – 1

CBCGS DEC 2019

1.)

a. (4)

The top end of a pole is connected by three cables having.

tension 500 N ,1500 N and a guy wire ‘AB’ as shown in figure
below. Determine tension in cable ‘AB’ if the resultant of the
concurrent forces is vertical.

Soln:-
Given:- In the figure , F1=500N,F2=1500N,T=?,F1 makes an angle 20° with
horizontal and F2 makes 30° with the horizontal and assume tension ‘T’ makes an
angle α with vertical.
Resultant force in vertical direction.
To find:- Tension ‘T’=?
CALCULATION :-
IN ΔAOB
α = 36.86°
Taking forces having direction towards right as positive and forces having direction
upwards as
Positive.
Resolving forces along X direction :
Rx = F 1 cos20° – F 2 cos30° + Tsinα
= 500cos20° – 1500cos30° + Tsinα ............(1)
Resolving forces along Y direction:
Ry = -F 1 sin20° - F 2 sin30° - T cosα

2
 = -500sin20° - 1500sin30° - Tcosα
..........(2)
Resultant force is in upward direction so
Rx=0
Put Rx = 0 ,α=36.86°(calculated) in equation 1
500cos20° - 1500cos30° + Tsin36.86° = 0
T = 1382.304N (ANS)
b. (4)

Locate the centroid of the shaded area obtained by cutting a

semicircle of diameter 20mm from quadrant of a circle of radius
20mm as shown in figure below.

3
Soln:-

Given:- Co-ordinates of shaded portion can be obtained by taking a

quater circle of radius 20mm and subtracting a semi-circle of radius 10mm.

To find:- centroid co-ordinates.

Calculation:-

PART Area Xi Yi Aixi Aiyi

(Ai) mm mm mm^3 mm^3
mm^2
1.Quater 314.15 8.488 8.488 2666.50 2666.50
circle
2.semi- -157.08 10 4.244 -1570.8 -666.64
circle

X co-ordinate of centroid ( x̅ ) = ΣAxi/ΣA = 1095.7/157.07 = 6.97mm

Y co-ordinate of centroid(y̅) =ΣAyi/ΣA = 1999.86/157.07 = 12.73mm

Centroid is at (6.97,12.73)mm (ANS)

c. (4)

A body weighing 1000N is lying on a horizontal plane.

Determine necessary force to move the body along the plane if the
force is applied at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal with
coefficient of friction 0.24.

4
Soln:-

FBD OF BLOCK :-

5
 Let the normal force be ‘N’ and friction force be ‘fr’ and force ‘P’
be the force required to keep the body in equilibrium and +ve as X-
axis and –ve as Y-axis .

Applying equilibrium conditions on Block,

ΣFX = 0

P + fr – 1000cos(45°) = 0 ..........(1)

ΣFY = 0

N – 1000sin(45°) = 0 ........(2)

N = 707.106 N (put this in equation (1))

P + µN - 1000cos(45°) = 0 (fr=µN,µ=0.24)

P = 1000cos(45°) - 0.24*(707.106)

The minimum weight of P is

P = 537.40N (ANS)

d. (4)

The motion of the particle is defined by the relation x = t^3-

3t^2+2t+5 where x is the position expressed in meters and time
in seconds. Determine (i) the velocity and acceleration after 5
seconds. (ii)maximum or minimum velocity and corresponding
displacement.

Soln:-

Given :- Rightward as +ve and Leftward as –ve.

x(t)= t^3-3t^2+2t+5

6
v(t)= dx/dt

= 3t^2-6t+2

a(t)= dv/dt

= 6t-6

(i) v(5) = 3(5)^2-6(5)+2

= 47m/s^2

a(5) = 6(5)-6

= 24m/s^2

(ii) maximum or minimum velocity and corresponding displacement,happens

only when dv/dt = 0 . Put dv/dt = 0

6t-6=0

t=1

If d2v/dt2 is positive then their will be minima otherwise maxima.

d2v/dt2 = 6 (positive)

So, minimum velocity exist .

At t=0,

v(1)= 3(1)^2-6(1)+2

= -1 or 1m/s^2 (in left direction)

x(1)=(1)^3-3(1)^2+2(1)+5

= 5m (ANS)

7
 e. (4)

A steel ball of mass 8 kg is dropped onto a spring of stiffness 600

N/m and attains a maximum velocity 2.5 m/s. Find (i) the height
from it is dropped and (ii) the maximum deflection of spring.

Soln:-

Given:- The fall is free and the starts with zero velocity ,

At position 1 ,the velocity is zero , delection is zero ,K= 600N/m , mass of

body = 8Kg ,

At position 2 , the velocity is 2.5m/s^2 and deflection say ‘δ’,

Work done :-

(i work done by weight = mgh

= 8*9.81*h (v^2=u^2+2g(h- δ2)

(this equation is applied for free fall body so height will be h- δ2 because
after that motion is influenced by spring. )

8
 ((2.5)^2=0+2*9.81*(h- δ2))

(h=(0.31855+ δ2) m)

= 8*9.81*(0.31855+ δ2)

=(25+78.48δ2) J

(ii work done by spring = ½*k*((δ1)^2 - (δ2)^2)

= ½*(600)*(0- (δ2)^2)

= -300(δ2)^2 J

summation of all work done = ΣU1-2

= (25+78.48δ2) - 300(δ2)^2

BY WORK ENERGY THEOREM:-

T1 + ΣU1-2 = T2

T1= INITIAL KINETIC ENERGY = ½*m*v1^2 = ½*8*0

T2 = FINAL KINETIC ENERGY = ½*m*v2^2 =½*8*(2.5)^2 = 25

0 + (25+78.48δ2) - 300(δ2)^2 = 25

(δ2) = 0.2616 or 0

(δ2) = 0.2616 m (maximum deflection)(ii ans)

h= (δ2) + 0.31855

= 0.58015 m (height from where it is dropped)(i ans)

f. (4)

A ladder AB of length l=4.8 m rests on a horizontal floor at A and

leans against a vertical wall at B. If the lower end A is pulled away

9
from the wall with a constant velocity 3 m/s, what is the angular
velocity of the ladder at the instant when A is 2.4 m from wall.

Soln:-

Given :- In ΔAOB , OA and AB is given in the problem. Velocity of A is 3m/s

and at b is unknown. Point of rotation or instantaneous center of rotation is
O. Rotation is from B to A.

To find:- ωBA = ?
Calculation:- In ΔAOB, OA and AB are 2.4m and 4.8m resp., By pythagoras
theorem ,

OB = √AB^2 - OA^2

10
 = √4.8^2 - 2.4^2

= 4.15m

Instantaneous center of rotation is the point of intersection of

vA and vB velocity vector.

Radius of rotation is perpendicular distance of velocity vector of point from

instantaneous center of rotation (ICR).

So, rA = 2.4m

rB = 4.15m

Instantaneous velocity of vA = ωBA*rA.

3 = ωBA*(2.4)

Angular Velocity of motion from B to A = ωBA = 1.25 rad/sec (ANS)

Instantaneous velocity of vB = ωBA*rB

vB = 1.25*4.15

= 5.18m/s

2.)

a. (8)

Find the resultant of the force system acting on the plate as

shown in figure, where does this resultant act with respect to
point A ?

11
Soln:-

Given:- The figure 1st and 2nd .

12
To find:- Resultant act with respect to point A

Calculation:-

∑Fx = 200 + 400cos(36.87°) (taking right as +ve)

= +519.99 N or 519.99 N (rightwards)

∑Fy = 80 – 160 – 400sin(36.87°) (taking upwards as +ve)

= -320.01 N or 320.01 N (downwards)

R = √(Fx)^2 + (Fy)^2

= √(519.99)^2 + (320.01)^2

= 610.57 N

Ɵ = tan-1(Fy/Fx)

= tan-1(320.01/519.99)

= 31.60°

MOMENT OF ALL THE FORCES ABOUT POINT ‘A’.

MOMENT = F*(Perpendicular distance of line of force from the point)

∑MA = -200*(0.2) + 80*(0.2) + 160*(0.3) - 400sin(36.87°)*(0.6)

(taking anti-clockwise as +ve)

= -120N-m or 120N-m(clockwise)

∑MA = R*d

120 = 610.57*d

d= 0.1965 m

13
 THE RESULTANT OF FORCE IDS ACTING CLOCKWISE ABOUT
POINT ‘A’ AND AT A DISTANCE OF d = 0.196m or 196mm. (ans)

b. (6)

Find centroid of the shaded area with reference to X and Y Axes.

Soln:-

Given:- G1,G2,G3,G4 are centroids of respective figures.

Area of the shaded region = Rectangle ACHE - Quarter Circle ABC – Triangle
BHF - Triangle DEF

14
Figure AREA X- Y- Aixi Aiyi
(mm^2) coordinate coordinate (mm^3) (mm^3)
(mm) (mm)
Rectangle 35*20 17.5 10 12250 7000
ACHE = 700
Quarter - 4r/3Π = 20- 4r/3Π -2663.99 -3619.008
circle ABC ¼*Π*r^2 4*20/3Π = 20-
= -314.15 =8.48 4*20/3Π
= 11.52
Triangle - 35-5=30 20-10/3 -2250 -1250.25
BHF ½*10*15 =16.67
=-75
Triangle - 35-10/3 10/3 = -1583.5 -166.5
DEF ½*10*10 = 31.67 3.33
=-50
∑Ai = 700 – 314.15 - 75 – 50 = 260.85 mm^2

∑Aixi = 12250 – 2663.99 - 2250 – 1583.5 = 5752.51 mm^3

∑Aiyi = 7000 – 3619.008 - 1250.25 - 166.5 = 1964.242 mm^3

15
x̅ = ∑Aixi/∑Ai = 5752.51/260.85 = 22.05mm

y̅ = ∑Aiyi/∑Ai = 1964.242/260.85 = 7.53mm

Centroid coordinates of lamina is (22.05mm, 7.53mm) (ANS)

c. (6)

Two bodies A and B weighing 90 N and 60 N respectively placed

on an inclined plane are connected by the string which is parallel
to the plane as shown in Fig. Find the inclination of the minimum
force P for the motion to impending the direction of “p”. Take µ
= 0.2 for the surface of contact.

Soln:-

FBD of 60N block:-

16
Consider block A

∑Fx=0 (consider right as +ve)

Pcosθ - T - fr= 0 ........(1)

∑Fy=0 (Consider upward as +ve)

Psinθ + NA – 60 = 0 …...(2)

17
Consider block 90N

∑Fx=0 (consider right as +ve)

T – 90sin(55°) - fr = 0 ........(3) (fr = µ*NB, µ= 0.2 )

∑Fy=0 (Consider upward as +ve)

NB – 90cos(55°) = 0 …...(4)

NB = 51.62 N (put in equation 3)

T = 90sin(55°) + µ*NB

= 84.04 N (put in equation 1)

Pcosθ - T - fr= 0 (fr = µ*NA, µ= 0.2 )

Pcosθ - 84.04 - 0.2*NA = 0

Psinθ + NA – 60 = 0 (equation 2)

NA = 60 – Psinθ

Put in equation 1

18
Pcosθ - 84.04 - 0.2*(60 - Psinθ) = 0

Pcosθ - 84.04 - 12 + 0.2* Psinθ = 0

Pcosθ + 0.2* Psinθ = 96.04

P = 96.04/(cosθ + 0.2*sinθ)

To minimize P, differentiate then equate to zero

dP/dθ =−96.04*(−sin θ +0.20cos θ)/(cos θ +0.20sin θ)^2=0

−sin θ +0.20cos θ =0

sin θ =0.20cos θ

tan θ =0.20

θ =11.31∘

Thus,

Pmin =96.04/(cos11.31∘+0.20sin11.31∘)

Pmin =94.174 kN

(answer)

3.)

a. (8)

A horizontal force of 5KN is acting on the wedgeas shown in

figure. The coefficient of friction at all rubbing surfaces is 0.25.
Find the load “W” which can be held in position. The weight of
block “B” may be neglected.

19
Soln:-

Let N 1 , N 2 , N 3 ,be the normal reaction at the surface of contact

∴ F S1 = μ 1 N 1 = 0.25N 1 , F S2 = μ 2 N 2 = 0.25N 2 , F S3 = μ 3 N 3 =
0.25N 3 ....................(1)

Block A is impending to move towards right.

Since the block A is under equilibrium , ∑F Y = 0

∴ N 3 − F S2 sin45 − N 2 cos45 = 0

∴ N 3 − 0.25N 2 × 0.7071 − N 2 × 7071 = 0

∴ N 3 − 0.8839N 2 = 0 .......................(2)

20
Also ∑F X = 0

−5 − F S3 − F S2 cos45 + N 2 sin45 = 0

................(from 1)∴ −5 − 0.25N 3 − 0.25N 2 × 0.7071 + N 2 × 0.7071 =

0 ..................(from 1)

∴ −0.25N 3 + 0.5303N 2 = 5 ......................(3)

Solving (2) and (3) simultaneously, we get N 3 = 14.2876kN and N 2 =

16.1642kN ..................(4)

Block B is impending to move down

Since the block B is under equilibrium , ∑F X = 0

∴ N 1 sin60 − F S1 cos60 + F S2 cos45 − N 2 sin45 = 0

∴ 0.866N 1 − 0.25N 1 × 0.5 + 0.25N 2 × 0.7071 − N 2 × 0.7071 =

0 ...............(from 1)

∴ 0.866N 1 − 0.125N 1 + 0.1768 × 16.1642 − 16.1642 × 0.7071 =

0 .........................(from 4)

∴ 0.741N 1 − 8.5719 = 0

21
N 1 = 11.4939 kN .......................(5)

Also ∑F Y = 0

∴ −W + N 1 cos60 + F S1 sin60 + F S2 sin45 + N 2 cos45 = 0

∴ N 1 × 0.5 + 0.25N 1 × 0.866 + 0.25N 2 × 0.7071 + N 2 × 0.7071 = W

.................(from 1)

∴ 11.4939× 0.5 + 0.2165 × 11.4939 + 0.1768 × 16.1642 + 16.1642 ×

0.7071 = W.....(from 4 and 5)

∴ W = 22.5225kN

Hence a load of 22.5225kN can be held in the position. (ANS)

b. (6)

A road roller of radius 36cm and weighted 6000N, which is of

cylindrical shape, is pulled by a force F, acting at an angle of 45° as
shown in the figure below. It has to cross an obstacle of height
6cm. Calculate the force “F” required to just cross over the
obstacle.

Soln:-

22
TO find the angle ‘Ɵ’ some construction are done in the figure.

In ΔCOB, CB = √(36)^2 - (30)^2 = 6√11 cm

Ɵ = sin-1(30/36) = 56.44°

NB is the normal reaction between block and cylinder passing through

center of cylinder.

FBD of cylinder:-

23
NA is normal reaction of cylinder with ground.

Assume :- block of height 6 cm is of negligible mass.

ΣFx = Fcos(45°) - NBcos(56.44°) = 0 …..(1) (taking right as +ve)

ΣFy = NA – 6000 + Fsin(45°) + NBsin(56.44°) =0 (taking upwards as +ve)

= NA + Fsin(45°) + NBsin(56.44°) = 6000 ….....(2)

Moment of all forces about point B is zero.

Moment is equal to force * perpendicular distance of the line of force vector

to the point.

All distance are in ‘cm’ convert them in ‘m’ .

ΣMB = 6000*(6√11/100) - NA * (6√11/100) - Fsin(45°)(6√11/100) -

Fcos(45°)*(30/100) + NB*0 = 0

24
NA * (6√11/100) + Fsin(45°)(6√11/100) + Fcos(45°)*(30/100) =
1193.98 ..........(3)

By eqauation 1, 2 and 3:-

F = 227.76 N (ANS)

c. (6)

At the instant t=0, a locomotive start to move with uniformly

accelerated speed along a circular curve of radius r=600 m and
acquires, at the end of the first 60 seconds of motion, a speed
equal to 24kmph. Find the tangential and normal acceleration at
the instant t=30 s.

Soln:-

At t = 30 sec :-

25
Normal acceleraltion an = v^2/r (r = radius of curvature )

(v = 24kmph = 6.67m/s)

= 6.67/600

= 0.011m/s^2 (ANS)

Tangential acceleration at :-

V = U + at*t (V=final velocity ,U=initial velocity,t=time taken)

6.67 = 0 + at*30

at = 0.22 m/s^2 (ANS)

4.)

a. (8)

A particle is thrown with an initial velocity of 10 m/s at a 45°

angle with horizontal. If another particle is thrown from the
position at an angle 60° with the horizontal, find the velocity of the
latter for the following situation:

(i) Both have the same range.

(ii) Both have the same time of flight.

Soln:-

26
Consider a particle performing projectile motion.

R – Horizontal Range

T – Total flight time

Considering vertical components of motion,

s = ut + at 2

0 = usin(β)*T- gT^2 , T = 2usin(β)/g

Considering horizontal components of motion,

s = ut + at 2

R = ucos(β)T + 0 .......(as acceleration in x direction is zero)

R = ucos(β) x 2usin(β)/g

R =(u^2sin(2β))/g

(I For same range :-

(UA)^2*sin(2*45°))/g = (UB)^2*sin(2*60°))/g

27
10^2*sin(90°)/g = (UB)^2*sin(120°)/g

UB = 10.746 m/s (ANS)

(II For same time of flight :-

2UAsin(45°)/g = 2UBsin(60°)/g

2*10*sin(45°)/g = 2*UB*sin(60°)/g

UB = 8.16 m/s (ANS)

b. (6)

The motion of a particle is represented by the velocity-time

diagram as shown in the graph shown below. Draw acceleration-
time and displacement–time graphs.

Soln:-

(0-2)sec:-

Velocity is uniformly changing. So, acceleration will be contant and

a= (final velocity – initial velocity) / (final time – initial time)

= (3-0)/(2-0)

= 1.5m/s^2

28
For this time period curve of acceleration time graph will be 0° curve
showing a constant value 1.5 m/s^2.

Displacement curve will be of 2° as velocity is uniform.

X2-X1 = area under velocity time graph for (0-2)sec

X2-0=½*3*2 , X2=3m

(2-5)sec:-

Velocity is constant for this time period.

So, acceleration time curve will be of 0° showing value 0m/s^2.

Displacement time graph curve will be of 1° as velocity is constant.

X5-X2 = area under velocity time graph for (2-5)sec

X5-3 = 3*3 , X5 = 12m

29
 c. (6)

In the reciprocating engine mechanism shown in fig. The crank OA

of the length 200mm rotates at 100 rad/sec. Determine the
angular velocity of the connecting rod AB and the velocity of the
piston at B.

Soln:-

Given:- 1. Motion of rod OA is considered for that ICR is point O and

velocity of point A is vA perpendicular to rod OA , ωOA = 100rad/sec, radius

of center of rotation of A is rA = 200mm or 0.2m(radius of center of

rotation of point is measured from ICR).

30
 2. Motion of rod AB from B to A , ICR of this motion c ,velocity of
point A and B are vA nad vB, for this motion radius of center of rotation for
A and B are rA and rB resp. And angular velocity is ωBA = ?.

To find:- ωBA = ? , vB=?

Calculation:-

1. Motion of rod OA:-

vA = ωOA*rA
= 100*0.2

= 20m/s

2. Motion of rod AB:-

ωAB = vA/rA = vB/rB

In ΔAOB,

By sine rule,

OA/sinB = AB/sinO = BO/sinA

(rA)1/sin20°=AB/sin40°

0.2/sin20°=AB/sin40°

AB=0.375m

In ΔABC,

By sine rule,

AB/sinC = BC/sinA = CA/sinB

31
0.375/sin50°= rB/sin60°=rA/sin70°

rA=0.460m

rB=0.424m

ωAB = vA/rA = vB/rB

ωAB = vA/rA
= 20/0.460

= 43.47r/s (ANS)

vB = ωAB*rB
= 43.47*0.424

= 18.43 m/s (ANS)

5.)

a. (8)

Find the support reaction at A and forces P if reaction at B is 60 kN

for the beam loaded as shown in Figure below.

Soln:-

32
Given:- The figure 1st and 2nd .

∑Fx = 0

HA = 0

∑Fy = -10 + 60 - 36 + VA – P = 0

VA – P = 14 ..........(1)

∑MA = -(Px7) +(60x6) – (10x2) -(36*5) = 0 (moment of forces along A is

zero)

(taking anti-clockwise as +ve)

P = -22.85 kN or 22.85 kN (upwards) ........(2) (given direction of ‘P’ was

wrong )

From (1) and (2)

VA = 36.85 kN

The magnitudes of force VA , HA = 0 and reaction P are 36.85kN and 22.85

kN respectively. (ANS)

b. (6)

A 1200 kg car has a light bumper supported horizontally by two

springs of stiffness 15kN/m. Determine the initial speed of impact

33
with the fixed wall that causes 0.2 m compression. Neglect
Friction.

Soln:-

Given :- Car of mass ‘m’ = 1200kg , spring of stiffness ‘k’ =

15*10^3N/m, initial and final compression are x1 and x2,initial
and final speed are v1 and v2.

To find:- v1=?

Calculation:-

T1 = Initial kinetic energy = ½*m*(v1)^2 = ½*1200*(v1)^2 =

600*(v1)^2

T2 = Final kinetic energy = ½*m*(v2)^2 = ½*1200*0 (final velocity v2=0

as it bumps )

=0

Work done by spring = ½*keq*((x1)^2-(x2)^2) (resultant stiffness keq)

Two springs of same stiffness are parallel.

So, resultant stiffness = 2k

x1 = 0m (no deflection) , x2= 0.2m

= ½*2k*(0 – (0.2)^2) = ½*2*(15*10^3)*(-

(0.2)^2) = -600J

34
By work energy theorem:-

T1 + work done = T2

600*(v1)^2 + (-600) = 0

v1 = 600/600 = 1m/s (ANS)

c. (6) Determine the

resultant force of the force system shown in figure where
F1=150N, F2=120N, F3=200N and F4=220N.

forces are given as:

|F̅1|=150N, |F̅2|=120N ,|F̅3|=200N, |F̅4|=220N

WE CAN GET VELOCITY VECTOR BY MULTIPLYING THEM WITH UNIT

VECTOR IN THEIR DIRECTION FROM THE DIAGRAM.

F̅1 = 150(3i + 4k)/√3^2 + 4^2

= 90i + 120k

F̅2 =120(3i + 3j)/√3^2 + 3^2

=60√2i + 60√2j

35
F̅3 =200(3j + 4k)/√3^2 + 4^2

=120j +160k

F̅4 = 220(3i - 3j)/√3^2 + 3^2

=110√2i - 110√2j

R̅ = ΣF̅

= (RX)i + (RY)j + (RZ)k

= ΣFX + ΣFY + ΣFZ

= (90+170√2)i + (120-50√2)j + (280)k

|R̅| = √(RX)^2 + (RY)^2 + (RZ)^2

= √(90+170√2)^2 + (120-50√2)^2 + (280)^2

= 435.894 N

cos θx = RX/R = (90+170√2)/435.894 = 0.758 (direction)

cos θy = RY/R = (120-50√2)/435.894 = 0.113 (direction)

cos θz = RZ/R = (280)/435.894 = 0.642 (direction)

Θx = 40.71°

Θy = 83.51°

Θz = 50.05°

6.)

a. (8)

Two bodies A and B are connected by a thread and move along a

rough horizontal plane (µ=0.3) under the action of 400N force

36
applied to the body as shown in Fig. Determine the acceleration of
the two bodies and the tension in the thread using D' Alembert’s
principle.

Soln:-

Given:- u=0 and µ = 0.3 .

The free body diagram of A and B is as shown below. Let blocks A and B are

accelerated by acceleration aA and aB respectively.

As both the bodies move to right side, their inertia will act opposite to
motion as shown. Using D’Alembert’s principle for body B,

Net force causing motion + inertia of body = 0

Net force causing motion = 400 – FB - T

37
Inertia force of body = (-800*aB/g)

400 – FB - T -800*aB/g = 0 …..(1)

And NB = 800 N

Kinetics of particle:-

Thus equation (1) may be written as

400 – µNB - T = 800*aB/g

400 – 0.3*800 - T = 800*aB/g

160 - T = 800*aB/g …...(2)

Similarly , Using D’Alembert’s principle for body B,

T – FA – 200*aA/g = 0

T – 0.3NA = 200*aA/g

and, NA = 200 N

T – 60 = 200*aA/g …......(3)

By putting aA = aB = a and solving equation (2) and (3) :-

160 - T +T– 60 = 200*a/g + 800*a/g

100 = 1000*a/g (g=9.81m/s^2)

a = 0.981 m/s^2

Substituting the value of ‘a’ in equation (3)

T – 60 = 200*0.981/g (g=9.81m/s^2)

T = 80N (ANS)

38
aA = aB = a = 0.981m/s^2 (ANS)

b. (6)

Train A starts with uniform acceleration of 0.5m/s^2 and attains a

speed of 90km/hr which subsequently remains constant. One
minute after it starts, another train B starts on a parallel track with
a uniform acceleration of 0.9m/s^2 and attains a speed of
120km/hr. How much time does train B take to overtake train A.

Soln:-

TRAIN A:-

Initial velocity at A ‘uA’ = 90km/hr = 25m/s

Accleration of A ‘aA’ = 0.5m/s^2

Time taken ‘tA’= t sec

Distance covered = ‘sA’ m

TRAIN B:-

Initial velocity at B ‘uB’ = 120km/hr = 33.33m/s

Accleration of B ‘aB’ = 0.5m/s^2

Time taken ‘tB’= t-60 sec (Because train ‘B’ is starting 1 min late then Train
‘A’)

Distance covered = ‘sB’ m

Time of overtake will come when distance covered by both the trains are
same.

Hence,

39
sA = sB

(uA)*(tA) + ½*(aA)*(tA)^2 = (uB)*(tB) + ½*(aB)*(tB)^2

25*t + ½*0.5*t = 33.33*(t-60) + ½*0.9*(t-60)^2

25*t + 0.25*t^2 = 33.33*t – 1999.8 + 0.45*(t^2 – 120*t + 3600)

0.20*t^2 – 45.67*t – 379.8 = 0

After solving the quadratic equation:-

t= 236.38 sec or –8.03 sec

But time can’t be negative so

T = 236.38 sec or 4min 56sec (ANS)

c. (6)

The magnitude and direction of the velocities of two identical

spheres having frictionless surfaces are shown in figure below.
Assuming coefficient of restitution as 0.90, determine the
magnitude and direction of the velocity of each sphere after the
impact. Also find the loss in kinetic energy

SOLUTION :-

40
Let mass of both identical bodies = m kg

Coefficient of restitution ‘e’ = 0.90

This impact is oblique collision.

UAX = 7.794m/s (rightwards) UBX = 6m/s (leftwards)

UAY = 4.5m/s UBY = 10.39m/s

UAY = VAY= 4.5m/s (UPWARDS)

UBY = VBY= 10.39m/s (UPWARDS)

By LCM :-

IM = FM

m(7.794) + m(6) = m(VAX) + m(VBX)

(VAX) + (VBX) = 13.794 ….....(1)

e= (VBX – VAX) /(UAX -UBX)

VBX – VAX = 0.90*(7.794-(-6))

= 12.41 …............(2)

By solving equation (1) and (2)

VBX = 13.102m/s (rightwards)

VAX = 0.692m/s (leftwards)

41
VA = √(VAX)^2 + (VAY)^2 = √(4.5)^2 + (0.692)^2

= 4.55 m/s (ANS)

ΘA = tan-1(VAY /VAX))

= 81.25° (ANS)

VB = √(VBX)^2 + (VBY)^2 = √(10.39)^2 + (13.102)^2

= 16.72 m/s (ANS)

ΘB = tan-1(VBY /VBX)

= 38.414° (ANS)

Loss in kinetic energy

= ½*(m1*m2/(m1+m2))*(1-e^2)*(u1cosα1 - u2cosα2)^2

= ½*(m*m/(2m))*(1-(0.9)^2)*(9cos(30°)-12cos(60°))^2

= 0.085 J (ANS)

MUQuestionPapers.com

42
43