VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA, MANGADU

X – INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (402)

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION:
⮚ A database is defined as an organized collection of data
⮚ Allows data entry, access and analyze the data quickly
⮚ A databse is a collection of records
⮚ A database is a collection of organised information so that it can be easily accessed,
managed and updated. This could be achieved with the help of table
⮚ Examples: MS Access, OpenOffice Base, Oracle, MySQL, etc
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)
Database management system is used to bridge the gap between information and database
data → data are raw facts stored in memory or on disk
information → when data has been converted to a suitable format it is called as information
or processed form of data is called as information
Application programs can access the data stored in database by sending request

ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
⮚ controlling data redunduncy – avoiding the replica
⮚ Data sharing
⮚ Enforcing integrity constraints – impose restrictions on datatype and data uniqueness
⮚ Restricting unauthorized access – security subsystem is created to control user
accounts and access privileges
⮚ data independence -change in data structure is not embedded in the programm
⮚ Transaction processing – DBMS uses concurrency control system to update the data
corrrectly though there may be multiple transactions that occur simultaneously
⮚ Providing multiple views of data – view is a subset of data. The user has no clues of
how and where the data is stored
⮚ Providing backup and recovery facilities – In case of any system failure the DBMS is
capable of restoring to the stage of program before its execution
⮚ Providing data security - Unauthorized person must not access confidential data. A
DataBase Administrator (DBA) can set the access permissions to snsure different
levels of security
 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (RDBMS)
⮚ A relational model was created for existing database . Most of the DBMS are relational
in nature
⮚ Examples: MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle Database, MySQL, FileMaker, PostgreSQL

DATABASE SERVER
⮚ A computer dedicated for storage and retrievel of database and (DBMS)database
mangement system is called as Database Server
⮚ This database server is seen in a client-server architecture/model/environment

TYPES OF DATABASE
FLAT -FILE database
● plain text file holding only one record in a line
● delimiters are comma, tabs
Hierarchical database
● very fast ans simple
● follows a tree structure (parent-child)to record information
Network database
● used for large digital computers
● extension of hierarchical database structure
● many to many database relationsips exist between records
● Example: Integrated Data store, Integrated Database Management(IDBM), Raima
Dtatabase Manager(RDM)
Relational Database
● consists of multiple tables of data with rows nad columnsthat relate to each other
with a special key fields
● it is more flexible
● SQL is the standard and user and application program interface
● A relational database thus allows to store data in multiple tables and establish a
relationship between them
Non-SQL or Non- relational database
● large sets of distributed data of distributed data
● highly scalble and flexible that opeates on smi-structured databases
efficient to analyse for semi-structured database but not for multiple virtual server
Cloud Database
● It is a distirbuted database which shares the e=web ifrastructure for resources,
software and information over a networks
● Example: some of the cloud providers include Amazon, Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, etc
COMPONENTS OF DATABASE
✔ User – can access the database using the DBMS
✔ Database Administrator – database designing, maintaining and security
✔ Application Program -Application program for a specific tasks

HOW A DATABSE IS ORGANISED?

Data needs to be stored in a standard way to retrieve and manipulate
There are various levels of storage of data
database
● collection of files that has entire database
● database is a collection of tables
table
● collection of data related to a single topic
● a table is a collection of records
record
● alternatively called as row or tuple
● the information related to one entity
field
● field is a sub component of a record
datatype
● property of each field
GUESS FIELD
RDBMS
 ype of Data Description Size

Text or combinations of text and numbers, including numbers that

Short Text Up to 255 characters.
do not require calculating (e.g. phone numbers).

Long Text Lengthy text or combinations of text and numbers. Up to 63, 999 characters.

1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes (16 bytes

Number Numeric data used in mathematical calculations.
if set to Replication ID).

Date/Time Date and time values for the years 100 through 9999. 8 bytes

Currency values and numeric data used in mathematical

Currency 8 bytes
calculations involving data with one to four decimal places.

A unique sequential (incremented by 1) number or random number

AutoNumbe 4 bytes (16 bytes if set to
assigned by Microsoft Access whenever a new record is added to a
r Replication ID).
table.

Yes and No values and fields that contain only one of two values
Yes/No 1 bit.
(Yes/No, True/False, or On/Off).

Here are some of the other more specialized data types, you can choose from in Access.
 Data
Description Size
Types

Files, such as digital photos. Multiple files can be attached per record. This data type is not
Attachment Up to about 2 GB.
available in earlier versions of Access.

OLE objects OLE objects can store pictures, audio, video, or other BLOBs (Binary Large Objects) Up to about 2 GB.

Up to 8,192 (each part of a Hyperlink data type can

Hyperlink Text or combinations of text and numbers stored as text and used as a hyperlink address.
contain up to 2048 characters).