SCHOOL CYCLE: 2023-2024 SEMESTER: AUGUST – DECEMBER 2023

STAGE 2 INTEGRATIVE LABORATORY DATE: SEPTEMBER 2023

ELABORATED BY: FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS ACADEMY
HEAD OF THE ACADEMY: DR. ROSARIO EDITH ALMAGUER MOLINA THIRD SEMESTER
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM: PROPAEDEUTIC

STUDENT'S NAME:________________________________________________________________________________________________
GROUP:________ N.L.__________ GRADE___________

I. INSTRUCTIONS: Read the text carefully and answer each of the questions and for the problems, write the procedure clearly, otherwise the
answer will be considered wrong, remember to check your answers at the end.

1. ( ) It is the base of logarithms called natural logarithms, which are denoted as Ln. a. Ln (𝑒) = 1
2. ( ) Domain of an exponential function: log 𝑏 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑦
b.
3. ( ) The logarithm of the nth power of a positive number x is equal to n times the
c. 𝑒
logarithm of the number, that is:
4. ( ) It is defined as the number to which the function f defined by 𝑓(𝑛) =
1 𝑛 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥
(1 + ) when n grows without limit.
𝑛

5. ( ) The logarithm of the quotient of two positive numbers x and y is equal to the
e. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
difference of the logarithms of both, that is:
6. ( ) Exponential functions have the form. f. 𝐷 = {𝑥/𝑥 > 0}
7. ( ) The logarithmic function is a function of the form. g. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑐
8 ( ) It is that equation in which the unknown appears in at least one exponent. h. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
9 ( ) To facilitate the resolution of exponential equations with base e, the following
i. 𝐷=𝑥∈𝑅
property applies.
10. ( ) The logarithm of the product of two positive numbers x and y is equal to the j. 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
sum of the logarithms of both, that is: k. log 𝑏 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑥
11. ( ) Domain of a logarithmic function l. 𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
12. ( ) If a function is not algebraic, it is said to be: m. log 𝑏 𝑦𝑥 = log 𝑏 𝑥 − log 𝑏 𝑦

II. Convert the following exponential equations into logarithms. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑐 =𝑏

13. 14.
 2
15. 7 4 = 2401 16. 93 = 4.33

III. Convert the following logarithmic equations to exponential. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐 ⇐ 𝑐 =𝑏

2 log 1 27 = −3
17. log 7 𝑥 = −1 18. log 𝑥 9 = 19. log 216 6 = 𝑥 20. 3
3

IV. Using the properties of logarithms, transform it to a single argument or to the expanded form as the case may be.

3
√𝑥 𝑦 2
21. log 4 5 + log 4 𝑤 + log 4 2 22. log 2 ( 4 )
√ 𝑧 √𝑤

5 𝑎 𝑏 1
23. log 4 √ 2 24. (16log 5 𝑥 + log 5 𝑦 − 8log 5 𝑧)
𝑐 8

3
3log 1 7 + 4log 1 𝑥 − 5log 1 𝑦 𝑥 4 √𝑦 6
25. 2 2
26. log 4 4
2
√𝑧𝑤 8

V. Solve the following exponential equations.

27. 5𝑥 = 3125 28. 9(3)3𝑥 = 177147 29. 43𝑥+2 = 0.25

 30. 610−𝑥 = 7776 31. 74𝑥 = 5764801 32. 2𝑥 3𝑥 = 1296

33. 4𝑥−1 ⋅ 42𝑥 = 1230 34. 𝑒 3𝑥+1 = 1450 35. 760 ⋅ 𝑒 −0.144𝑥 = 380

V. Solve the following logarithmic equations.

1 1
36. log 81 𝑥 = 37. log 𝑥 = −7 38. log 5 625 = 𝑥
64 2 128

5 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 625 = 𝑥
39. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 32 = 40. 41. 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 𝑥 = −3
3 5
 42. log 9 (5 − 2𝑥) = 0 43. log(1200) − log ( 𝑥) = 2 44. log 2 (𝑥 + 2) + log 2 (𝑥 − 5) = 1

VI. Look at the following graphs and relate the function that corresponds to it:

1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 ⋅ 2𝑥
2

𝑓(𝑥) = log 1 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2∗3 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 𝑥

2

45. 46. 47.

48. 49. 50.

VII. Given the exponential function.𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 .

51. Evaluate the function at the indicated values and answer the following questions.

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
( )

a) Make the graph of the function.

b. What value does the function approach when X takes on increasingly larger
negative values, e.g.:𝑥 = −20.
c. Is there any value of X for which the function is equal to zero?
d. What is the domain and range of the function?

VIII. Solve the following mathematical models.

52. If the amount of remaining radioactive material(𝑄) measured in grams of a substance after t years is calculated with the
expression:𝑄(𝑡) = 300(0.7)𝑡 .

a) Find the amount of radioactive material that will remain after 10 years.

b) After how many years will there be 50.421 grams left?

53. The number of bacteria that have been generated over time varies exponentially, since at 2:00 am they showed 12,500 bacteria
and at 5:00 am they showed 14,887 bacteria. If the increase in the bacteria population is exponential, determine:

a) The equation of the function of bacteria in terms of time.

b) The population of bacteria that will appear at 12:00pm.

c) Calculate the time when the population is 22,500 bacteria.

54. The intensity of a sound in decibels(𝑑) is given by the equation𝑑 = 10( 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑃 + 16) where P represents the power in
watts/cm2

a) Determine the intensity of the sound of a car horn, whose power is 1x10-5 watts/cm2

b) Determine the power of the sound of the takeoff of a space rocket, whose intensity is 180 db.

55. The acidity of a solution is measured by its pH (hydrogen potential). The pH is the “negative” of the base 10 logarithm of the
hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (H+), is given by:𝑝𝐻 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔 [𝐻 + ]

a) Determine the pH of the chicken meat, if its hydrogen ion concentration is:6.17𝑥10−7

b) If the pH of the apple is 3.47, find its hydrogen ion concentration.