WORD

ORDER
Presented by Group 7
Ahmad Nabil
Lilis Khopifah
 Definition
In grammar, "word order" refers to the arrangement or sequence in
which words are placed in a sentence or a phrase. It encompasses the
rules and conventions governing the positioning of different parts of
speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) within a language to
convey meaning.

WORD ORDER is important: it’s what makes your sentences make

sense. So, proper word order is an essential part of writing and
speaking—when we put words in the wrong order, the result is a
confusing, unclear, and an incorrect sentence.
 Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries share meaning or function, many which are forms of the verb
“to be.” Auxiliary verbs can change form, but modal auxiliaries don’t. Here’s a chart to help you
 Types of Word Order
1.
Standard Word Order
Subject + (aux.) Verb + Object/Complement

Example:
The teacher teaching English in the classroom
The teacher (subject) + is (aux.) teaching (verb) + English (object) in the
classroom.

Mery is beautiful
Mery (subject) + is (aux verb) + beautifull (complement)

Wahyu eats banana

Wahyu (subject) + eats (verb) + banana (object)
 2.
Question Word Order

a. Open Question
Question word + auxiliary verb/modal auxiliary + subject + main verb (QASV)
Example: Where do you live?
“Where“ (QW) “do“ (Aux) “you“ (Subject) “live“ (Verb)?

b. Closed Question/Yes or no question

Auxiliary verb/modal auxiliary + subject + main verb (ASV)
Example: Can you cook?
“Can” (Auxiliary) “you” (Subject) “cook” (Verb)
 2.
Question Word Order

It can be QASVO or ASVO if there is an Object

Example:
Do you like me?
“Do” (auxiliary) “you” (Subject) “like” (verb) “me” (object)?

Why did you love her?

“Why“ (QW) “did“ (Aux) “you“ (Subject) “love“ (Verb) ”her” (object)?
 Question Word Order
1. Direct-question word order: 2. Indirect-question word order:

Examples: Examples:
Are you happy? Do you know if you are happy?
(Begin with modal aux/aux verbs) (add “if“ and invert the subject and aux)
Do you think you are happy?
(If we use Indirect question phrase
“Do you think” omitted the “if”)

Where is the restroom? Can you tell me where the restroom is?
(Begin with a question word) (Has no “if“ and put the aux at the end)
What do you want to do? Do you know what you want to do?

Do you love her? Could you tell me if you love her?

(omitted the Do)
 Parts of Word Order
1. Word Order for Two-Word (Phrasal) Verbs
Phrasal verb is a standard verb + one or two particle, the particle can be a preposition or an adverb
such as hang out, bring together, look after, put away and others.

ow to use it?
H
Transitive Intransitive
Need something or someone it stands on it’s own
after the verb (object)
Transitive or intransitive
Ex: grew up
ex: Call for depending on their meaning
He grew up in Singapore
The recipe call for Ex: Took off
The recipe call for (Intransitive) The plane will take off
cinnamon (Transitive) He took off his tie
 List of Phrasal Verb

Transitive Intransitive

Call for Break down

Fix up Die down
Hold back Get up
Let down Run away
Pay off Show up
Take off Throw up
Use up Wake up
Etc. Etc.
 Separable or Inseparable
Phrasal Verb
Separable Inseparable

The verb and the particle We can’t separate the main

can be separated verb from the particle

Ex: Take on Ex: Look up to

I’m going to take on the project Look someone up to
or Look up someone to
I’m going to take the project on I really look up to your dad
 List of Phrasal Verb

Separable Inseparable

Hang up Call on
Call off Care for
Check out Call for
Clean up Stand for
Set up Talk over
Figure out Come across
Fill in Do without
Etc. Etc.
Parts of Word Order
2. Word Order for Adjectives

ow to use it?
H
Single word adjective

Adjective + noun
Example:
An excellent proposal
My uncle has a big house
The red roses
 2. Word Order for Adjectives

More than one adjective

Number + Opinion + Size + Other qualities + Age + Color/pattern

+ Nationality + Material + Noun

Example:
She bought a beautiful long warm new black stripped Italian silk scarf

I eat a delicious big fresh red Korean apple

 Simple Rules Word
Order for Adjective
#1 #2
Adjectives of opinions go first, General idea go first,
adjectives of facts go second Specific idea go second.
Ex:
Ex:
We had some delicious Korean
A long wooden table
food with some friend
I love these old black and
Why are you wearing those
white films
ugly purple pants
 2. Word Order for Adjectives

Word order for adverbs that modify adjectives

An adverb that modifies an adjective comes before the adjective.

Example:
San Francisco is extremely beautiful.
This classroom is unusually small.
They have a completely remodeled kitchen
 2. Word Order for Adjectives

adjective phrase/clause:

Noun + adjective phrase/adjective clause

Example:
The man who is sitting in the corner is my uncle.
Cosmetics made in Korea are very expensive.
The book on the desk is a new English text book.
 2. Word Order for Adjectives

some..., any…, no....

some.../any.../no... + adjective

Example:
I want to meet someone great like you.
Don't you have anything nice to say?
I heard nothing new in the meeting last night
 2. Word Order for Adjectives

too - enough

too + adjective; adjective + enough

Example:
He is too good to be mine.
Lilis is old enough to get married
Word Order for Direct and
Indirect Objects of Verbs
1. When a verb (V) has both a direct object (DO)
and an indirect object (IO)

the direct object must come first if the indirect

object is preceded by to or for
Example:
The clerk sold a book to me
My boyfriend bought a flower for me
Word Order for Direct and
Indirect Objects of Verbs
When a verb (V) has both a direct object (DO) and
an indirect object (IO)

If to or for is omitted, then the indirect object must

come first and the direct object come second

Example:
The clerk sold me a book
My boyfriend bought me a flower
 Word Order for Direct and
Indirect Objects of Verbs
AA small
small number
number of of verbs
verbs require
require that
that the
the
indirect
indirect object
object follow
follow the
the direct
direct object,
object, and
and this
this
indirect
indirect object
object must
must be
be preceded
preceded byby to
to or
or for.
for.

Verbs that take indirect objects with for include answer,

open, and close. Verbs that take indirect objects with to
include announce, introduce, suggest, mention, and describe.

Example:
Incorrect: Seokjin answered me the question.
Correct: Seokjin answered the question for me.
 Exercises
Find the error!
1. Could you care my plants for while I'm on vacation?

2. She is enough pretty to be my mother

3. The hall is extreme big

4. Do you think if it is a big problem for me?

5. Can you tell me who is the guest?

 Exercises
1. We are very proud of being thought by a ..... from the outstanding high education institution
a. Trainer well known and experienced
b. Well known trainer and experienced
c. Well known and experienced trainer
d. Experienced and trainer well known

2. Those insect always visit the.....

a. Most colorful flowers attractive
b. Colorful flower most attractive
c. Most attractive colorful flower
d. Attractive most colorful flower

3. The teacher only teach ..... in acceleration class.

a. smart a few students
b. a few smart student
c. smart students a few
d. a few smart students
 Word Order for Adverbs
Generally, adverbs can be placed in several different positions in
a sentence.

1. Initial position (at the 2. Midposition (before the 3. End position (at the end
beginning of the sentence) verb or in the middle of the
of the sentence)
Example: verb phrase)
Example:
Yesterday , I sailed for four Example:
I expect my friend to
hours. I Especially like Boston.
arrive Tomorrow
I do not Really like peanut
butter ice cream

However, not all adverbs can be placed in all three positions. What follows are some
general guidelines for adverb placement according to the function of the adverb.
 Word Order For Adverb

1. Adverbs of place 2. Adverbs of definite time

usually take the end position usually take the beginning or end
position
example: Example:
Incorrect: Outside John is sitting. Incorrect: I went yesterday to my aerobics class.
Correct: John is sitting Outside Correct: I went to my aerobics class yesterday.
Correct: yesterday , I went to my aerobics class.
Other common adverbs of place
include inside, here, and there Other common adverbs of definite time include
today, tomorrow, and now
 Word Order For Adverb

3. Adverbs of indefinite time

can take the initial, middle, or end position.

Example:
Correct: Recently, I have become interested in karate.
Correct: I have Recently become interested in karate.
Correct: I have become interested in karate Recently.

Another adverb of indefinite time is lately, although it is

not usually used in mid position.
 Word Order For Adverb

4. Adverbs used to evaluate

usually take the end position

Example:
Incorrect: Bill did well that cleaning job.
Correct: Bill did that cleaning job well.

Other common adverbs used to

evaluate include badly and poorly
 Word Order For Adverb

5. Adverbs of manner

usually take the middle or end position

but can take the initial position
Correct: Luis quietly opened the door to the baby's room.
Correct: Luis opened the door to the baby's room quietly.
Correct: Quietly. Luis opened the door to the baby's room.

Other common adverbs of manner include quickly,

carelessly, and softly
 Word Order For Adverb

6. Adverbs of frequency

follow very specific rules regarding

their position in the sentence
(Common adverbs of frequency include always, frequently, occasionally, seldom,
continually, hardly ever, often, sometimes, never, ever, rarely, and usually.)

Example :
a. With the verb to be-
Correct: John is never at home when I call him.
usually after the verb Correct: Vincent is Continually busy.
 Word Order For Adverb

6. Adverbs of frequency

b. With the verb to be-after not

Example :
Correct: Brian is not always nice to his little sister.
Correct: It is not usually so hot here during the summer.
 Word Order For Adverb

6. Adverbs of frequency

c. With other verbs- d. In a verb phrase-after

before the verb the first auxiliary verb

Example : Example :
Correct: Lois always Correct: Tim is always running
skates on the boardwalk. out of money when we go out
Correct: I Never ride my to eat.
bicycle to class. Correct: I have Never seen a
comet.
 Word Order For Adverb

6. Adverbs of frequency

e. In a verb phrase with not-after not

Example :
Correct: Maria does not often type her papers.
Correct: Mark does not Usually have time to read the newspaper.

Note: The adverbs usually and often can also be placed before the first auxiliary
verb as in Maria Usually does not type her papers or Maria often does not type
her papers.
 Word Order for Adverbials
When several adverbials (phrases and/or clauses that function like adverbs) occur
at the end of a sentence in English, word-order problems often occur. Although the
order of these adverbials in relation to each other sometimes varies, you will find
the following guidelines helpful. These guidelines are based on the different types
of adverbials listed below.

Adverbials of time: at six o'clock; this morning; in the evening

Adverbials of frequency: every morning; every Tuesday
Adverbials of position: in the cafeteria; at home; in the classroom
Adverbials of direction: to the cafeteria; from the lab
Adverbials of purpose: (in order) to lose weight; so that I could stay in shape
Adverbials of reason: because it is hot; because it was interesting
 Word Order for Adverbials

1. Adverbials of time and frequency generally

come after adverbials of position and direction.

Examples:
She walks to campus every day at noon.
She studies at home every evening.
Word Order for Adverbials

2. Adverbials of time and frequency are

generally interchangeable with each
other in their position in a sentence.

Examples:
She walks to campus every day at noon.
She walks to campus at noon every day.
Word Order for Adverbials

3. Adverbials of purpose and reason

generally come after all other adverbials

Examples:
Mark works out in the gym every night
to keep in shape.
We left the party before 9:00 pm
because we had another commitment.
Word order in comparison:

"More" or "less" + adjective + "than"

(for comparing differences in
degree):

example:
She is more intelligent than her brother.
This book is less expensive than that one.
 There are several cases that cause a sentence to not
follow the rules of statement/basic word order mentioned
at the beginning:
subject+ (aux) verb+ complement/object

1. When a sentence begins with there.

Examples
There is no basis for this complaint.
There are few excuses that teachers will accept.
 There are several cases that cause a sentence to not
follow the rules of statement/basic word order mentioned
at the beginning:
subject+ (aux) verb+ complement/object

2. When a sentence begins with a prepositional

phrase of location and the verb is an intransitive verb.

Example:
1. A police officer stood on the corner.
On the comer stood a police officer,
2. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, lies on the Java sea
coast.
On the Java sea coasf, lies Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia .
 There are several cases that cause a sentence to not
follow the rules of statement/basic word order mentioned
at the beginning:
subject+ (aux) verb+ complement/object

3. In conditional sentences without if or unless

Example
(If he asked her, she would surely help him.)
Were he to ask her, she would surely help him.
Should he ask her, she would surely help him.
(If he had known, he would have come.)
Had he known, he would have come. .
 There are several cases that cause a sentence to not
follow the rules of statement/basic word order mentioned
at the beginning: subject+ (aux) verb+ complement/object

4. When a sentence begins with a

"negative word" or "negative phrase":
hardly ever neither under no circumstance
Examples:
on no account not often
rarely Not only did they go but they also
not until
never stayed until the end.
nowhere
scarcely Never has the world faced so many
not once
no sooner problems.
not only
seldom At no time were the passengers in any
at no time
nor danger.
 There are several cases that cause a sentence to not
follow the rules of statement/basic word order mentioned
at the beginning:
subject+ (aux) verb+ complement/object

5. When the sentence begins with only and a

time expression, the subject and
the verb of the main clause are inverted.

Examples:
Only once was John late to class.
Only after her mother died, did she know loneliness.
 There are several cases that cause a sentence to not
follow the rules of statement/basic word order mentioned
at the beginning:
subject+ (aux) verb+ complement/object

6. When a sentence begins with few, such,

so, little unless this word modifies a noun.

Examples
Little did she know that she had won the grand prize.
So great was her love for her children that she sacrificed
everything for them.
 There are several cases that cause a sentence to not
follow the rules of statement/basic word order mentioned
at the beginning:
subject+ (aux) verb+ complement/object

7. When a passive verb is split and the

main verb begins the sentence.

Examples
Held as hostages were several reporters.
Discovered at the bottom of the well were two small children .
 Exercises
1. Which sentence has the correct word order for an adverbial?
A) He quickly ran to the store.
B) Quickly he ran to the store.
C) He ran quickly to the store.

2. Choose the sentence with the correct word order for an adverbial of frequency.
A) She always goes to the gym.
B) Always she goes to the gym.
C) She goes always to the gym.

3. Select the sentence with the proper word order for a time adverbial.
A) Tomorrow we are going to the park.
B) We are going to the park tomorrow.
C) We are going to the park going tomorrow.
THANK YOU