Aws B2.5 - B2.5M-2021

AWS B2.5/B2.
5M:2021
An American National Standard
Specification for
Measurement of
Welding Power
Source Output for
Calculation of
Welding Procedure
Heat Input
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
An American National Standard
Approved by the
American National Standards Institute
November 29, 2021
Specification for
Measurement of Welding
Power Source Output for
Calculation of Welding
Procedure Heat Input
1st Edition
Prepared by the
American Welding Society (AWS) B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification
Under the Direction of the

AWS Technical Activities Committee
Approved by the
AWS Board of Directors
Abstract
This document provides methods for determination of welding heat input, both in the case of traditional welding systems
and those employing waveform-controlled welding. It is intended that this specification be referenced by other qualification
and fabrication welding standards requiring the measurement and calculation of heat input for maintenance of distortion
and weldment properties such as strength, toughness, and corrosion-resistance.
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
ISBN Print: 978-1-64322-217-2

ISBN PDF: 978-1-64322-218-9
© 2021 by American Welding Society
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright
owner.
Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or
educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate
fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01 923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:
<www.copyright.com>.
ii
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or
made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental
bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards
must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws
and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes
the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS
standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.
AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together
volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and
establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify
the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.
AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether
special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on
this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published
herein.
In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or
on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone
else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the
advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is
assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.
This standard may be revised, corrected through publication of amendments or errata, or supplemented by publication of
addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on
the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the appropriate edition, amendments, errata, and
addenda.
Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept
any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of
any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.
AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.
Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,
in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,
Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development (see Annex D). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning
AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to
users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of
the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions
constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not
be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification.
It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recom-
mendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested
and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2
Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification and the author of the comments will be informed of the
Committee's response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure
and Performance Qualification to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision
concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of
these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 331 66.
iii
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
This page is intentionally blank.
iv
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Personnel
AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification
T. Anderson, Chair ITW Welding North America
J. M. Rosario, Secretary American Welding Society
J. Alston Jefferson Lab
M. E. Barrett Westinghouse
E. W. Beckman Consultant
J. P. Bell Yates Construction
K. L. Bingham Los Alamos National Laboratory
D. T. Braun Southside Virginia Community College
M. W. Bumgarner Bumgarner Consulting, LLC
M. C. Cook Mid-America Carpenters Regional Council Apprentice
& Training Programs
J. L. Cooley YMC Mechanical
T. A. Davenport Arcos Industries, LLC
J. D. Farren Naval Surface Warfare Center
J. J. Fluckiger Idaho National Laboratory
M. F. Herrle Arise
T. A. Mihalik International Training Institute
S. D. Mobley Oak Ridge National Laboratory
T. C. Mueller Motion Engineering Ltd.
J. L. Pasqua Salco Products
A. B. Rigato Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
W. M. Ruof Bechtel Plant Machinery, Incorporated
J. J. Sekely Welding Services, Incorporated
M. L. Thomas Rocky Mountain Testing, LLC
P. Villarreal Villarreal Inspection
R. K. Wiswesser Welder Training & Testing Institute
Advisors to the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification
M. Bernasek C-SPEC
H. R. Castner Edison Welding Institute (retired)
B. J. Hable Ford Motor Company
K. Y. Lee DNV
B. B. MacDonald Consultant
C. D. Morell U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (retired)
J. F. Pike Acoustical Sheetmetal
F. A. Schweighardt Airgas
A. W. Sindel TRC Solutions
C. E. Spaeder, Jr. Consultant
W. J. Sperko Sperko Engineering Services, Incorporated
R. F. Waite Robert F. Waite, PE PC
G. M. Wisbrock, Jr. Consultant
v
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
AWS Task Group on Welding Procedure Heat Input

T. Anderson, Chair ITW Welding North America
J. M. Rosario, Secretary American Welding Society
J. L. Cooley YMC Mechanical
J. Fink Miller Electric Manufacturing, LLC
R. L. Holdren ARC Specialties, Incorporated
T. Melfi The Lincoln Electric Company
W. F. Newell W. F. Newell & Associates, Incorporated
W. J. Sperko Sperko Engineering Services, Incorporated
vi
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Foreword
This foreword is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only.
Welding heat input is important since it influences weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) properties. During both
procedure qualification and in production welding, arc energy is calculated using the measured values of the electrical
output from the welding power source to quantify heat input. For a more detailed discussion of the proportional relationship
between arc energy and heat input, see Annex A.
While measuring heat input is important, the details of how these measurements are made are rarely specified. This leaves
open the possibility that the methods used for measuring welding power source output during welding of qualification
test pieces and those used to monitor production welding will be different, and that could affect the properties of the
weld.
With waveform-controlled welding, determination of heat input is particularly challenging due to the complexity of the
waveforms created by microprocessor-controlled power sources that may actively alter the waveforms during welding at
kilohertz frequencies.
This specification has been developed to provide guidance for measurement of welding power source output so that
equivalent heat inputs can be calculated for both traditional and waveform-controlled welding systems.
This is the first edition of AWS B2.5/B2.5M.
Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,
AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 1 30,
Miami, FL 331 66.
vii
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
viii
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Tabl e of Con ten ts
Pag e N o.
Personnel ...................................................................................................................................................................... v
Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................................vii
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................. x
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................... x
1. General Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Units of Measurement.................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Safety ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
2. Normative References .......................................................................................................................................... 1
3. Terms and Definitions .......................................................................................................................................... 1
4. General .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
5. Measurement Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................... 3

6. Measurement Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.2 Voltage............................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.3 Amperage ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.4 Total Instantaneous Energy or Average Instantaneous Power ....................................................................... 4
6.5 Travel Speed and Weld Bead Length ............................................................................................................. 4
Annex A (Informative)—Arc Energy Measurement for Calculation of Heat Input..................................................... 5
Annex B (Informative)—Power Source Types and Measurement Methods for Qualification and Production ........... 7
Annex C (Informative)—Informative References ...................................................................................................... 11
Annex D (Informative)—Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard.............................................. 13
List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification .................................................................... 15
ix
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Pag e N o.
Li st of Tabl es
Tabl e Pag e N o.
1 Symbols for Quantities Used in Heat Input Formulas .................................................................................... 3

2 Preferred Voltage Measurement Locations ..................................................................................................... 4
B.1 Power Source Types and Measurements ......................................................................................................... 8
Li st of Fi g u res
Fi g u re Pag e N o.
1 Weld Bead Length ........................................................................................................................................... 4

B.1 Flowchart for Selection of Qualification and Production Measurement Methods.......................................... 9
x
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Specification for Measurement of Welding Power Source

Output for Calculation of Welding Procedure Heat Input
1. General Requirements
1.1 Scope. This specification provides methods for measuring welding power source output parameters used to calculate
heat input for welding procedure qualification and control.
1.2 Units of Measurement. This standard makes use of both U. S . Customary Units and the International S ystem of
Units (SI). The latter are shown within brackets ([ ] ) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently.
1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and health information
is provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein.
Safety and health information is available from the following sources:
American Welding Society:
(1 ) ANSI Z49. 1 , Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact S heets
(3 ) Other safety and health information on the AWS website
Material or Equipment Manufacturers:
(1 ) Safety Data S heets supplied by materials manufacturers
(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers
Applicable Regulatory Agencies
Work performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous,
and may involve operations or equipment that may cause inj ury or death. This standard does not purport to address all
safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program
to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANS I Z49. 1 should be considered when
developing the safety program.
2. Normative Reference
The document listed below is referenced within this publication and is mandatory to the extent specified herein. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, subsequent amendments
or revisions of the publications may not apply since the relevant requirements may have changed.
AWS A3 . 0M/A3 . 0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,
Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying
3. Terms and Definitions

AWS A3 . 0M/A3 . 0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions , provides the basis for terms and definitions used herein.
However, the following terms and definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific to this document.
arc energy. The product of welding amperage, voltage, and time interval.
1
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
average instantaneous power (AIP) , waveform-controlled welding The average of products of amperages and voltages
.
determined at sampling frequencies sufficient to quantify waveform changes during a welding interval.
heat input (HI). The energy applied to the workpiece per unit length of weld.
total instantaneous energy (TIE), waveform-controlled welding The sum of products of amperages, voltages, and time
.
increments at sampling frequencies sufficient to quantify waveform changes during a welding interval.
waveform-controlled welding. A process modification using software to purposely manipulate the output welding
waveform.
welding waveform. A graphic representation of a welding power source output affecting specific characteristics, including
penetration, fusion depth, wetting, bead size and shape, and metal transfer mode.
4. General
Heat input is a measure of the amount of energy generated by the welding arc per unit length of weld bead. Not all the
energy created by the arc is absorbed by the weld; some is lost to radiation, some to convection and some to the slag. The
percentage loss is welding process dependent. For procedure qualification purposes, this loss is ignored since the heat
input is required to be measured separately for each welding process.
This specification provides three methods for calculation of heat input.
— Method A—Formula (1): Calculation using measurements of amperage, voltage, and travel speed
— Method B—Formula (2): Calculation using measurements of total instantaneous energy and weld bead length
— Method C—Formula (3): Calculation using measurements of average instantaneous power and travel speed
The selection of the method must take into account whether waveform-controlled welding is being used. The first two
bullet points below indicate which methods will provide accurate results.
• For non-waveform-controlled welding, method A, B, or C may be used.
• For waveform-controlled welding, method B or C should be used as method A can introduce significant error.
• Power sources identified as synergic, programmable, or microprocessor-controlled are generally capable of wave-
form-controlled welding. If the use of waveform-controlled welding or the required frequency of the measurement
and calculation is in question, the welding equipment manufacturer should be consulted.
• When multiple electrodes, powered by multiple power sources, are used to produce a weld in a single weld pool,
the heat input generated by each electrode/power source system shall be measured and the sum of those measure-
ments will be considered the total heat input.
Annex B, which includes Table B.1 and Figure B.1 , provides guidance on the range of power source types and measure-
ment methods supporting production welding based on power source type and measurement method used to weld the
qualification test piece.
Table 1 lists the symbols used in the formulas to calculate heat input.
Formula (1) uses welding amperage, voltage, and travel speed to calculate heat input per unit length.
HI = U × Iv × 60 (1 )
Formula (2) uses total instantaneous energy and weld bead length to calculate heat input.
HI = TIE
L
 (2)
Formula (3) uses average instantaneous power and travel speed to calculate heat input.
HI = AIPv× 60 (3)
2
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Table 1
Symbols for Quantities Used in Heat Input Formulas
Unit
Symbol Quantity U.S. Customary SI
HI heat input J/in J/mm

I amperage A A
L weld bead length in mm
U voltage V V
v travel speed in/min mm/min
AIP average instantaneous power J/s or W J/s or W
TIE total instantaneous energy J J
5. Measurement Apparatus
Accurate determination of heat input relies on instruments that will accurately and consistently measure welding power
source output. When using traditional constant voltage or constant current power sources in a spray or globular transfer
mode, the use of conventional amperage and voltage meters is acceptable. These measurements can be verified using
conventional clamp-on ammeters and voltmeters.
However, in cases where waveform-controlled welding is being employed, these conventional measuring devices may
not be capable of providing accurate measurements. As explained in Clause 4, the products of amperage and voltage
measurements are being performed at multi-kilohertz frequencies. These products are then either summed or averaged
over some period of time.
Many manufacturers of waveform-controlled power sources have incorporated the ability to make these measurements
and perform calculations using built-in software so TIE or AIP can be directly displayed. Several commercially available
devices are available for measuring welding power source output and calculating TIE and AIP.
To calculate heat input, the sum or average of the products are divided by either travel speed or weld length, as specified
in Formulas (2) and (3). Tape measures and steel rulers are sufficiently accurate for measuring weld bead length. Deter-
mination of travel speed also requires a time-measuring device such as a stopwatch or a similar device suitable for
measuring the time taken to deposit a length of weld. For mechanized or robotic applications, travel speeds may be measured
using built-in instrumentation.
6. Measurement Parameters
6.1 General. Depending on the heat input calculation method used, specific measurements are required, as summarized
below. In addition, the subclause describing how each specific measurement is accomplished is referenced.
• Method A: Measure voltage (6.2), amperage (6.3), and travel speed (6.5).
• Method B: Measure total instantaneous energy (6.4) and weld bead length (6.5).
• Method C: Measure average instantaneous power (6.4) and travel speed (6.5).
6.2 Voltage. Voltage should be measured as close to the arc as practical in order to prevent the measurement error due to
voltage drop in the welding leads. The voltage measurement is affected by cable size, length, and connection quality, all
of which should be considered during measurement. The position of the connectors may be recorded in the Welding
Procedure Qualification Record (WPQR) to provide consistency of the measurement during production. One connection
should be applied to the workpiece and the other as specified in Table 2.
3
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Table 2
Preferred Voltage Measurement Locations
Welding Process Measurement Location
SMAW Connection near electrode holder

SAW Welding head
FCAW Connection in wire feeder or connection in arc welding gun
GMAW Connection in wire feeder or connection in arc welding gun
GTAW Connection near the welding torch connection at the power source
PAW Connection near the welding torch connection at the power source
6.3 Amperage. Amperage should be measured using a shunt or a clamp-on ammeter on a straight portion of the welding
cable. It may be measured in either the electrode or work lead.
Amperage measurement should include all workpiece connection cables or electrode leads, if multiple workpiece con-
nection cables or electrode leads are used. It is inaccurate to measure the amperage on a single cable and multiply by the
total number of cables, or to mix the workpiece connection cables and electrode leads in one measurement.
For measurements of amperage below the recommended range of the clamp-on ammeter, the cable may be looped
through the ammeter clamp multiple times, in which case the measured value is divided by the number of loops.
6.4 Total Instantaneous Energy or Average Instantaneous Power. Measurement of total instantaneous energy or average
instantaneous power should utilize a welding power source or external meter capable of incremental measurement of
amperage and voltage and calculating and displaying the sum of products (total instantaneous energy) or average of
products (average instantaneous power) of these incremental measurements, whichever is appropriate. Both the sampling
rate and the calculation rate shall be sufficient to capture the changes in the welding waveform. The sampling and calculation
frequency is typically a multiple of the welding waveform frequency and shall be in excess of 5 kHz.
When using external meters, the guidelines of 6.2 and 6.3 apply.
Meters identified by the terms “kVA,” “DC power,” or “average power” do not generally meet these requirements.
6.5 Travel Speed and Weld Bead Length. To determine the travel speed, a weld pass is deposited and the time elapsed
between arc initiation and extinction is measured. After completion of a weld pass, its length is measured. Weld bead
length corresponds to the distance between the start of the weld pass and the middle of the crater at the end of the weld
pass, as illustrated in Figure 1. The value for travel speed is obtained by dividing the weld bead length by the elapsed
time. To improve accuracy, weld bead lengths should be substantial enough to account for incremental travel speed
inconsistencies. For mechanized and automatic welding, travel speed can also be determined by measuring the time
required to cover a distance without making a weld pass or by using meters that are part of the equipment.
Key:
L = weld bead length
Figure 1—Weld Bead Length
4
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Annex A (Informative)
Arc Energy Measurement for Calculation of Heat Input
This annex is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only.
Standards for qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPSs) and subsequent control of production welding
may limit the amount of energy being applied by the welding process. For welding processes that require motion along
the weld joint, this value is more accurately referred to as heat input rate, which is calculated as the amount of energy
applied per unit length of weld bead. For simplicity, welding standards use the term “heat input” to describe this quantity.
Historically, heat input has been an important factor used to control the consistency of welding. The relationship
between heat input and arc energy is mainly affected by the welding process, so for a given welding process it is common
to use arc energy as a substitute for heat input. When comparing heat input among different welding processes, it is
necessary to include factors such as thermal efficiency, joint design, or welding direction. This is not necessary in com-
mon welding codes, since they require requalification for a change in welding process.
While the principles set forth herein could be applied to any arc welding process, those processes where waveform-controlled
welding would most commonly be used are gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), with
GMAW being the more dominant. Arc characteristics are often varied based on feedback from the arc and may involve
changes to the wire feed rate. Because of this, reference is made to a welding system rather than a welding power source.
When using either constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV) arc welding power sources with either alternating
current (AC) or direct current (DC) output, conventional voltmeters and ammeters are commonly used, and the readings
obtained are adequate provided the welding arc is relatively stable. With the advent of power sources with pulsing power
outputs, conventional meters are no longer considered capable of accurately measuring output amperages and voltages.
With the increased use of waveform-controlled welding processes such as pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) or
short-circuiting gas metal arc welding (GMAW-S), it was recognized that resulting weld metal and HAZ zone properties
often did not correspond with the conventionally calculated heat input using Equation (1). This disconnect was due to
errors in the method of measuring the average amperage and voltage and calculating heat input using those values. The
measurement errors were due not only to the rapidly changing output from the welding system, but also because there
was a significant difference in the amperage and voltage wave shapes and phases in these systems. Re-establishing this
relationship requires that not only are amperage and voltage measured at a very rapid rate, it is equally important that the
product of these measurements is also determined at the same rate.
To accurately measure waveform-controlled outputs, amperage and voltage are required to be sensed and multiplied
together with incremental time at sampling frequencies many times the pulsing frequency, typically these are greater
than 5 kHz to be accurate. These may be reported as total instantaneous energy (TIE) or average instantaneous power
(AIP). Due to rapidly changing outputs, phase shifts or synergic changes, TIE or AIP measurements must be used to
correctly calculate heat input. This specification details the methods to be used for heat input measurement for both
waveform-controlled and non waveform-controlled welding processes.
Any welding process employing rapid pulsing is considered waveform-controlled welding. While GMAW-P is most
often considered to be waveform-controlled welding. Pulsed gas metal arc welding (GTAW-P) and GMAW-S would also
be considered forms of waveform-controlled welding. Power sources and systems marketed as synergic, programmable
or microprocessor-controlled are generally capable of operating in waveform-controlled welding mode. Should any
doubt exist as to whether waveform-controlled welding is being performed, the welding equipment manufacturer should
be consulted. Waveform control may be active for some, but not all of the welding process or equipment settings for a
particular power source.
5
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
6
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Annex B (Informative)
Power Source Types and Measurement Methods
for Qualification and Production
Clause 4 provides a description of how arc energy is determined and measured for a variety of welding power sources
using various measurement methods. Table B . 1 provides the appropriate measurement methods to be used depending on
whether waveform-controlled welding was used and the measurement method used for qualification. Figure B . 1 provides
this same information in a flowchart for selection of qualification and production measurement methods.
7
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Table B.1
Power Source Types and Measurements
Qualification
Measurement Method Production Operating Modes, Power Source Types and Measurement Methods
Non-waveform-controlled welding using voltmeters and ammeters and method A.
Non-waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy

or average instantaneous power measurement and method B or C.
Non-waveform-controlled welding
using voltmeters and ammeters and Waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy or
method A average instantaneous power measurement and method B or C.
Waveform-controlled welding with power source which does not display total instantaneous
energy or average instantaneous power measurement using external meters that display total
instantaneous energy or average instantaneous power measurements and method B or C.

Non-waveform-controlled welding
using total instantaneous energy or Waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy or
average instantaneous power and
average instantaneous power measurement and method B or C.
method B or C

Waveform-controlled welding
using total instantaneous energy Waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy or
or average instantaneous power
average instantaneous power measurement and method B or C.
and method B or C

Waveform-controlled welding
using voltmeters and ammeters Waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy or
and method Aa average instantaneous power measurement and method B or C.
a The WPQR should be appended to show the arc energy calculated using total instantaneous energy or average instantaneous power. This can be done
by welding a simple bead on plate using the same parameters (mode or program, voltage, current, etc.) as were used in the procedure qualification.
Utilizing either a welding power source or external meter that displays total instantaneous energy or average instantaneous power, the arc energy can
be calculated per method B or C based on those readings.
NOTE: A power source may be able to provide both waveform-controlled and non-waveform-controlled welding. In either case, a WPS should include
the appropriate ranges for amperage, wire feed speed, and voltage, since these values are used to set up the power source. However, voltage and amperage
readings cannot be used in the calculation of heat input in the case of waveform-controlled welding.
8
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Qualified using Qualified using

non-waveform-controlled welding waveform-controlled welding
Qualified using Qualified using Qualified using

measurement method A, B, or C measurement measurement method B or C
(Formula 1 , 2, or 3) method A (Formula 2 or 3)
(Formula 1 )
Supports only the

same power source
Supports non- model, software Supports non-
waveform-controlled Supports waveform- Supports waveform-
waveforms, and waveform-controlled controlled welding
welding using controlled welding welding using
using measurement electrical welding using measurement
measurement parameters used measurement
method A, B, or C method B or C method B or C
during qualification method A, B, or C (Formula 2 or 3)
(Formula 1 , 2, or 3) (Formula 2 or 3) (Formula 1 , 2, or 3)
and measurement
method A
(Formula 1 )
Figure B.1—Flowchart for Selection of

Qualification and Production Measurement Methods
9
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
10
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Annex C (Informative)
Informative References
Melfi T. New code requirements for calculating heat input. Welding Journal , Vol. 89(6), 201 0, pp. 61 –63 .
Study of the various methods of welding current measurement to establish a speci-

Institut de Soudure report No. 3 2988,
fication for welding procedure qualifications and calibration of indicators— July 98.
11
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
12
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
Annex D (Informative)
Requesting an Official Interpretation
on an AWS Standard
D1. Introduction
The following procedures are here to assist standard users in submitting successful requests for official interpretations to
AWS standards. Requests from the general public submitted to AWS staff or committee members that do not follow
these rules may be returned to the sender unanswered. AWS reserves the right to decline answering specific requests; if
AWS declines a request, AWS will provide the reason to the individual why the request was declined.
D2. Limitations
The activities of AWS technical committees regarding interpretations are limited strictly to the interpretation of provisions
of standards prepared by the committees. Neither AWS staff nor the committees are in a position to offer interpretive or
consulting services on (1 ) specific engineering problems, (2) requirements of standards applied to fabrications outside
the scope of the document, or (3 ) points not specifically covered by the standard. In such cases, the inquirer should seek
assistance from a competent engineer experienced in the particular field of interest.
D3. General Procedure for all Requests

D3.1 Submission. All requests shall be sent to the Managing Director, AWS Standards Development. For efficient handling,
it is preferred that all requests should be submitted electronically through standards@ aws. org. Alternatively, requests
may be mailed to:
Managing Director
S tandards Development
American Welding Society
8669 NW 3 6 St, # 1 3 0
Miami, FL 3 3 1 66
D3.2 Contact Information. All inquiries shall contain the name, address, email, phone number, and employer of the
inquirer.
D3.3 Scope. Each inquiry shall address one single provision of the standard unless the issue in question involves two or
more interrelated provisions. The provision(s) shall be identified in the scope of the request along with the edition of the
standard (e. g. , D1 . 1 : 2006) that contains the provision(s) the inquirer is addressing.
D3.4 Question(s). All requests shall be stated in the form of a question that can be answered “yes” or “no”. The request
shall be concise, yet complete enough to enable the committee to understand the point of the issue in question. When the
point is not clearly defined, the request will be returned for clarification. Sketches should be used whenever appropriate,
and all paragraphs, figures, and tables (or annexes) that bear on the issue in question shall be cited.
D3.5 Proposed Answer(s). The inquirer shall provide proposed answer(s) to their own question(s).
13
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
D3.6 Background. Additional information on the topic may be provided but is not necessary. The question(s) and
proposed answer(s) above shall stand on their own without the need for additional background information.
D4. AWS Policy on Interpretations

The American Welding Society (AWS) B oard of Directors has adopted a policy whereby all official interpretations of
AWS standards are handled in a formal manner. Under this policy, all official interpretations are approved by the technical
committee that is responsible for the standard. Communication concerning an official interpretation is directed through
the AWS staff member who works with that technical committee. The policy requires that all requests for an official
interpretation be submitted in writing. Such requests will be handled as expeditiously as possible, but due to the procedures
that must be followed, some requests for an official interpretation may take considerable time to complete.
D5. AWS Response to Requests

Upon approval by the committee, the interpretation is an official interpretation of the Society, and AWS shall transmit
the response to the inquirer, publish it in the Welding Journal , and post it on the AWS website.
D6. Telephone Inquiries

Telephone inquiries to AWS Headquarters concerning AWS standards should be limited to questions of a general nature
or to matters directly related to the use of the standard. The AWS Board Policy Manual requires that all AWS staff
members respond to a telephone request for an official interpretation of any AWS standard with the information that such
an interpretation can be obtained only through a written request. Headquarters staff cannot provide consulting services.
However, the staff can refer a caller to any of those consultants whose names are on file at AWS Headquarters.
14
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification

Designation Title
B2.1/B2.1M Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification

B2.1/B2.1M-BMG Base Metal Grouping for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
B2.1-1-001 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1, Group 1 or 2), 3/16 inch [5 mm] through 3/4 inch [19 mm] Thick, E7016 and
E7018, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Applications
B2.1-1-002 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1, Group 1 or 2), 3/16 inch [5 mm] through 7/8 inch [22 mm] Thick, in the As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Applications
B2.1-1-003 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of Galvanized Steel (M-1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition,
with or without Backing
Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M-1, Group 1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition,
Transfer Mode) of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-
Welded Condition, with or without Backing
B2.1-1/8-006 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-1 to M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18
through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing
B2.1-1-007 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Galvanized
Steel (M-1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing
Steel (M-1, P-1, or S-1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without
Backing
B2.1-8-009 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Austenitic
Stainless Steel (M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or
without Backing
B2.1-1/8-010 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-1, P-1, or S-1 to M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18 through 10 Gauge, in
the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing
B2.1-1-011 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Galvanized
Steel (M-1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing
Steel (M-1, P-1, or S-1 to M-1, P-1, or S-1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition,
B2.1-8-013 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with
or without Backing
B2.1-1/8-014 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-1 to M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in the
As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing
15
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification (Continued)

Designation Title
B2.1-22-015 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Aluminum
(M/P-22 to M/P-22), 18 through 10 Gauge, ER4043 or R4043, in the As-Welded Condition, with
or without Backing
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E7018, As-Welded or PWHT
Condition
Steel (M-1/P-1/S, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010, As-Welded or PWHT
Condition
B2.1-1-018 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Self-Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of
Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E71T-8, As-Welded
Condition
B2.1-1-019 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for CO2 Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of
Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E70T-1 and E71T-1, As-
Welded Condition
B2.1-1-020 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for 75% Ar/25% CO2 Shielded Flux Cored
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E70T-1 and
E71T-1, As-Welded or PWHT Condition
B2.1-1-021 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 11/2 inch
Thick, ER70S-2 and E7018, As-Welded or PWHT Condition
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed
by E7018, As-Welded or PWHT Condition
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, As-Welded Condition
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX, As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Applications
B2.1-8-025 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1-1/2
inch Thick, ER3XX and E3XX-XX, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural
Applications
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill)
Followed by E7018, As-Welded or PWHT Condition
B2.1-1-027 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Self-Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of
Carbon Steel (M-1 or P-1, Groups 1 and 2), 1/8 inch [3 mm] through 1/2 inch [13 mm] Thick,
E71T-11, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Applications
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed
by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
16
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021

Designation Title
Steel (M-1 /P- 1 /S- 1 , Group 1 or 2 ), 1 /8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E601 0 (Vertical Downhill)
Followed by E701 8 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E601 0 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E601 0 (Vertical Downhill Root
with the Balance Vertical Uphill), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, E601 0 (Vertical Uphill) Followed
by E701 8 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill) Followed
by E701 8 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, ER70S-2, As-Welded or PWHT
Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, E701 8, As-Welded or PWHT
B2.1-1-209 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 1 1 /2 inch
Thick, ER70S-2 and E701 8, As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.1-1-210 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable
Insert Root of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, INMs-1
and ER70S-2, As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Group 1 or
2), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, INMs-1 , ER70S-2, and E701 8, As-Welded Condition, Primarily
Pipe Applications
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S- 8, Group 1 ), 1 /1 6 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, ER3XX, As- Welded
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1 ), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, E3XX-XX, As-Welded
B2.1-8-214 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1 ), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2
inch Thick, ER3XX and E3XX-XX, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Insert Root of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1 ), 1 /8 through 1 1 /2 inch Thick,
IN3XX and ER3XX, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
17
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021

Designation Title
Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8,
Group 1 ), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, IN3XX, ER3XX, and E3XX-XX, As-Welded Condition,
Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.1-4-217 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Chromium-
Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), ER80S-B2, 1 /8 through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded
Condition; 1 /8 through 3/4 inch Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-4-2l8 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-
Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), E801 8-B2, 1 /8 through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded
Condition; 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-4-2l9 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), 1 /8
through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded Condition; 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, PWHT Condition,
ER80S-B2 and E801 8-B2, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-4-220 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consumable
Insert Root) of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), E801 8-B2, 1 /8 through
1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded Condition; 1 /8 through 3/4 inch Thick, PWHT Condition, IN51 5 and
ER80S-B2, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-4-221 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consumable
Insert Root) followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4,
Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded Condition; 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick,
PWHT Condition, IN51 5, ER80S-B2, and E801 8-B2, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-5A-222 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Chromium-
Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), ER90S-B3, 1 /8 through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded Condition;
1 /8 through 3/4 inch Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-5A-223 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-
Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), E901 8-B3, 1 /8 through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded Condition;
1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-5A-224 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), 1 /8 through 1 /2 inch
Thick, As-Welded Condition; 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, PWHT Condition, ER90S-B3 and
E901 8-B3, Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-5A-225 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consumable
Insert Root) of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), 1 /8 through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded
Condition; 1 /8 through 3/4 inch Thick, PWHT Condition, IN521 and ER90S-B3, Primarily Pipe
Applications
B2.l-5A-226 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consumable
Insert Root) followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A),
1 /8 through 1 /2 inch Thick, As-Welded Condition; 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, PWHT Condition,
IN521 , ER90S-B3, and E901 8-B3 Primarily Pipe Applications
B2.l-l/8-227 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1 /P-1 , Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8, Group 1 ), 1 /1 6 through 1 -1 /2
inch Thick, ER309 (L), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
18
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021

Designation Title
B 2. l-l/8 -228 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel
(M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1 ), 1 /8 through
1 -1 /2 inch Thick, E309(L)-1 5, -1 6, or -1 7, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B 2. l-l/8 -229 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 , Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless
Steel (M-8/P-8, Group 1 ), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, ER309(L) and E309(L)-1 5, -1 6, or -1 7,
As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B 2. 1 - 1 /8 -23 0 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable
Insert Root of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 , Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8,
Group 1 ), 1 /1 6 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, IN309 and ER309(L), As-Welded Condition, Primarily
Pipe Applications
B 2. 1 - 1 /8 -23 1 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable
Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 /S-1 , Groups 1 or
2) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1 ), 1 /8 through 1 -1 /2 inch Thick, IN309,
ER309(L), and E309(L)-XX, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
B 2. 1 - 1 -23 2 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for 75% Argon Plus 25% Carbon Dioxide
Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting Transfer Mode) followed by 75% Argon Plus
25% Carbon Dioxide Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 , Group 1 or 2),
1 /8 inch [38 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, ER70S-3 and E7XT-X, in the As-Welded or
PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting Transfer Mode) followed by 98% Argon Plus
2% Oxygen Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Spray Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 ,
Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, ER70S-3, in the As-Welded or
PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 inch [3 mm]
through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, E7XT-X, in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily
Pipe Applications
B 2. 1 - 1 -23 5 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for 98% Argon Plus 2% Oxygen Shielded
Gas Metal Arc Welding (Spray Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M-1 /P-1 , Group 1 or 2), 1 /8 inch
[3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, ER70S-3, in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition,
Primarily Pipe Applications
B 2. 1 - 1 -3 01 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-70S-2,
in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Naval Applications
B 2. 1 - 1 -3 02 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Shielded Metal
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-
701 8-M, in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Naval Applications
Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm]
through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-70S-2 and MIL-701 8-M, in the As-Welded or PWHT
Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Naval Applications
19
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021

Designation Title
B2.1-1-304 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Carbon Dioxide
Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38
mm] Thick, MIL-70T-1 and MIL-71 T-1 , in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural
Naval Applications
B2.1-1-305 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for 75% Argon
Plus 25% Carbon Dioxide Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3
mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-70T-1 and MIL-71 T-1 , in the As-Welded or PWHT
Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Naval Applications
B2.1-8-308 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten
Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm]
Thick, MIL-3XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Naval Applications
B2.1-8-309 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Shielded Metal
Thick, MIL-3XX-XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Naval Applications
Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch
[3 mm] through 1-1/2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-3XX and MIL-3XX-XX, in the As-Welded Condition,
Primarily Plate and Structural Naval Applications
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-70S-2,
in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
B2.1-1-312 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Shielded Metal
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-
701 8-M, in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm]
through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-70S-2 and MIL-701 8-M, in the As-Welded or PWHT
Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2
inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-MS-1 and MIL-70S-2, in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily
Pipe for Naval Applications
Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-MS-1 MIL-70S-2, and MIL-
701 8-M in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
B2.1-1-316 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Argon Plus 2%
Oxygen Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Spray Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch
[3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-70S-3, in the As-Welded or PWHT Condition,
Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
B2.1-1-317 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for 75% Argon
Plus 25% Carbon Dioxide Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ), 1 /8 inch [3
mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-70T-1 and MIL-71 T-1 , in the As-Welded or PWHT
Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
20
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021

Designation Title
B 2. 1 - 8 -3 1 8 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten
Thick, MIL-3XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
B 2. 1 - 8 -3 1 9 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Shielded Metal
Thick, MIL-3XX-XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch
[3 mm] through 1-1/2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-3XX and MIL-3XX-XX, in the As-Welded Condition,
Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
B 2. l- 8 -3 2l Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten
Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root of Austenitic Stainless Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch [3 mm]
through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-3XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe for
Naval Applications
B 2. l- 8 -3 22 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten
Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic
Stainless Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-3XX and MIL-
3XX-XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
B 2. l-l/8 -3 23 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2
inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-309, ER309L, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval
Applications
B 2. l-l/8 -3 24 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Shielded Metal
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2
inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-309XX, MIL-309L-XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe for
Naval Applications
B 2. l-l/8 -3 25 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten
Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (S-1 ) to Austenitic Stainless
Steel (S-8), 1 /8 inch [3 mm] through 1 -1 /2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-309/ER309L and MIL-309-
XX/MIL-309L-XX, in the As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications
B 2. 2/B 2. 2M Specification for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification
B 2. 3 /B 2. 3 M Specification for Soldering Procedure and Performance Qualification
B 2. 4 Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification for Thermoplastic
B 2. 5 Specification for Measurement of Welding Power Source Output for Calculation of Welding
Procedure Heat Input
21
AWS B2.5/B2.5M:2021
22

Aws B2.5 - B2.5M-2021

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aws B2.5 - B2.5M-2021

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aws B2.5 - B2.5M-2021

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is the purpose of this document?

What is the purpose of this document?

What methods are provided for determining welding heat input?

What methods are provided for determining welding heat input?

AWS B2.5/B2.

Under the Direction of the

ISBN Print: 978-1-64322-217-2

Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards

This page is intentionally blank.

Advisors to the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification

AWS Task Group on Welding Procedure Heat Input

This page is intentionally blank.

Tabl e of Con ten ts

3. Terms and Definitions .......................................................................................................................................... 1

5. Measurement Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................... 3

1 Symbols for Quantities Used in Heat Input Formulas .................................................................................... 3

1 Weld Bead Length ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Specification for Measurement of Welding Power Source

Safety and health information is available from the following sources:

American Welding Society:

(1 ) ANSI Z49. 1 , Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact S heets

(3 ) Other safety and health information on the AWS website

Material or Equipment Manufacturers:

(1 ) Safety Data S heets supplied by materials manufacturers

(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers

Applicable Regulatory Agencies

3. Terms and Definitions

HI = AIPv× 60 (3)

Symbol Quantity U.S. Customary SI

HI heat input J/in J/mm

SMAW Connection near electrode holder

Figure 1—Weld Bead Length

This page is intentionally blank.

Non-waveform-controlled welding using voltmeters and ammeters and method A.

Non-waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy

Non-waveform-controlled welding using voltmeters and ammeters and method A.

Non-waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy

Non-waveform-controlled welding using voltmeters and ammeters and method A.

Non-waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy

Non-waveform-controlled welding using voltmeters and ammeters and method A.

Non-waveform-controlled welding with power source displaying total instantaneous energy

Qualified using Qualified using

Qualified using Qualified using Qualified using

Supports only the

Figure B.1—Flowchart for Selection of

This page is intentionally blank.

Study of the various methods of welding current measurement to establish a speci-

This page is intentionally blank.

D3. General Procedure for all Requests

D4. AWS Policy on Interpretations

D5. AWS Response to Requests

D6. Telephone Inquiries

List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification

B2.1/B2.1M Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification

List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification (Continued)

List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification (Continued)

List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification (Continued)

List of AWS Documents on Procedure and Performance Qualification (Continued)