Homework 1

EVF401G Material and energy balance

Due date: 23:59 pm, Monday 17.01.2022.

Write your answers in an organized and clear manner. Submit your answers in a single .pdf file on
Canvas. You can solve the exercises using pen and paper and scan the solution to a .pdf file
(answers must be readable, use a dark pen) or write up the solution in Word, Powerpoint, Latex,…
and export the solution to a .pdf file.

Write every steps/assumptions in the calculation towards the final answer as all the steps will give
you score points.
Write everything in English.
Use the Table B.1 available in Canvas if needed.
This homework will count as 2% of your final grade.

Consider this case study:

Mix 100 g of water with 100 mL of methanol into a container at 25°C.
1. Draw and label this “process”. 1 point
2. How much mass is in the container? 2 points
3. How many mols of methanol are there? 1 point
4. How many mols of water are there? 1 point
5. How many total mols are there in the container? 1 point
6. How many lb-mols of water are there? 1 point
7. What is the composition of methanol in the container (Mass fraction, Mole fraction,
Concentration)? 3 points
8. What is the average molecular weight in the container? 1 point
9. Assuming 1000g of liquid in the container, calculate the mole fractions knowing that the
mass fraction of methanol is 0.44. 5.5 points
10. Assuming 1000 mole of liquid in the container, calculate the mass fractions knowing that
the mole fraction of methanol is 0.31. 5.5 points
 Homework 1 - solution
EVF401G Material and energy balance
Consider this case study:
Mix 100 g of water with 100 mL of methanol into a container at 25°C.
1. Draw and label this “process”.

2. How much mass is in the container?

We have SG(20°/4°) = 0.792 from Table B.1

100 g + 79 g (water + methanol) = 179 g

3. How many mols of methanol are there?

4. How many mols of water are there?

5. How many total mols are there in the container?

2.47 + 5.56 = 8.02 gmol total

6. How many lb-mols of water are there?

We can calculate that in two ways:

Or
7. What is the composition of methanol in the container (Mass fraction, Mole fraction,
Concentration)?

8. What is the average molecular weight in the container?

9. Assuming 1000g of liquid in the container, calculate the mole fractions knowing that
the mass fraction of methanol is 0.44

10. Assuming 1000 mole of liquid in the container, calculate the mass fractions knowing
that the mole fraction of methanol is 0.31.
 Homework 2
EVF401G Material and energy balance

Due date: 23:59 pm, Tuesday 1.02.2022.

Write your answers in an organized and clear manner. Submit your answers in a single .pdf file on
Canvas. You can solve the exercises using pen and paper and scan the solution to a .pdf file
(answers must be readable, use a dark pen) or write up the solution in Word, Powerpoint, Latex,…
and export the solution to a .pdf file.

Write every steps/assumptions in the calculation towards the final answer as all the steps will give
you score points.
Write everything in English.
This homework will count as 5% of your final grade.

1) An equimolar liquid mixture of benzene and toluene is separated into two product streams by
distillation. A process flowchart and a somewhat oversimplified description of what happens in the
process follow:

Inside the column a liquid stream flows downward and a vapor stream rises. At each point in the
column some of the liquid vaporizes and some of the vapor condenses. The vapor leaving the top
of the column, which contains 97 mole% benzene, is completely condensed and split into two equal
fractions: one is taken off as the overhead product stream, and the other (the reflux) is recycled to
the top of the column.
The overhead product stream contains 89.2% of the benzene fed to the column. The liquid leaving
the bottom of the column is fed to a partial reboiler in which 45% of it is vaporized. The vapor
generated in the reboiler (the boilup) is recycled to become the rising vapor stream in the column,
and the residual reboiler liquid is taken off as the bottom product stream. The compositions of the
streams leaving the reboiler are governed by the relation:

where yB and xB are the mole fractions of benzene in the vapor and liquid streams, respectively.
(a) Take a basis of 100 mol fed to the column. Draw and completely label a flowchart, and for each
of four systems (overall process, column, condenser, and reboiler), do the degree-of-freedom
analysis and identify a system with which the process analysis might appropriately begin (one with
zero degrees of freedom). 10 points
(b) Write in order the equations you would solve to determine all unknown variables on the
flowchart, circling the variable for which youwould solve in each equation. Do not do the
calculations in this part. 10 points
(c) Calculate the molar amounts of the overhead and bottoms products, the mole fraction of benzene
in the bottoms product, and the percentage recovery of toluene in the bottoms product (100 × moles
toluene in bottoms/mole toluene in feed). 15 points

2) Ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide in the following reaction:

(a) Calculate the ratio (lb-mole O2 react/lb-mole NO formed). 2 points

(b) If ammonia is fed to a continuous reactor at a rate of 100.0 kmol NH3/h, what oxygen feed rate
(kmol/h) would correspond to 40.0% excess O2? 2 points
(c) If 50.0 kg of ammonia and 100.0 kg of oxygen are fed to a batch reactor, determine the limiting
reactant, the percentage by which the other reactant is in excess, and the extent of reaction and
mass of NO produced (kg) if the reaction proceeds to completion. 11 points
 Homework 2 - solution
EVF401G Material and energy balance
1)(a)

Distillation

Overall system
Unknowns = n1, n3, xB
- Balances = 2
- Relation (89.2% recovery) =1
Degrees of freedom = 0
Distillation
Unknowns = n1, n2, n4, yB, zB
- Balances = 2
- Relation (45% vapor) =1
Degrees of freedom = 2
Condenser
Unknowns = n1
- Balances = 0
Degrees of freedom = 1
Reboiler
Unknowns = n2, n3, n4, xB, yB, zB
- Balances = 2
- Relation (45% vapor and 2.25 ratio) = 2
Degrees of freedom = 2
(b)
Overall process:
0.97 n1 (mol B)
89.2% recovery: 0.892 =
0.5(100)(mol B fresh feed)

Overall balance: 100 = n1 +n3

B balance: 0.5(100) = 0.97n1 + xBn3
Reboiler:
yB/(1−yB)
Conposition relationship: xB/(1−xB) = 2.25

Percent vaporized: n4 = 0.45n2

mole balance: n2= n3 + n4 solve these 2 equations simultaneously to determine n2 and n4
B balance: zBn2 = xBn3 + yBn4

(c)
B fraction in bottoms: xB  0.1 molB/mol
Moles of overhead: n1  46 mol
Moles of bottoms: n3  54 mol
(1−xB)n3 (1−0.1)(54.02)
Recovery of toluene: × 100% = × 100% = 97%
0.5(100) 0.5(100)

2)
4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O

(a) 5 lb mole O2 react / 4 lb mole NO form = 1.25 lb mole O2

(b) (nO2)stoich = 100 kmol NH3 × 5 kmol O2 /4 kmol NH3 = 125 kmol O2
40% excess O2: (nO2)fed = 1.4(125 kmol O2) = 175 kmol O2

(c) 50 kg NH3 (1 kmol NH3 /17 kg NH3) = 2.94 kmol NH3

100 kg O2 (1 kmol O2 /32 kg O2) = 3.125 kmol O2
(nO2/nNH3)fed = 1.06 < (nO2/nNH3)stoich =1.25 so O2 is the limiting reactant
Required NH3: 3.125 kmol O2 × 4 kmol NH3 /5 kmol O2 = 2.5 kmol O2
% excess NH3: (2.94 – 2.5) / 2.5 × 100% = 17.6%
Extent of reaction: 0 = 3.125 kmol(1000 mol/kmol)(1 mol) – (-5)ξ
ξ = 625
Mass of NO = 3.125 kmol O2 × (4 kmol NO /5 kmol O2) × (30 kg NO /1 kmol NO) = 75 kG NO
 Homework 3
EVF401G Material and energy balance

Due date: 23:59 pm, Tuesday 15.02.2022.

Write your answers in an organized and clear manner. Submit your answers in a single .pdf file on
Canvas. You can solve the exercises using pen and paper and scan the solution to a .pdf file
(answers must be readable, use a dark pen) or write up the solution in Word, Powerpoint, Latex,…
and export the solution to a .pdf file.

Write every steps/assumptions in the calculation towards the final answer as all the steps will
give you score points. Reporting the final answer only will not contribute to a full score point.
Write everything in English.
This homework will count as 5% of your final grade.

1) Methane and oxygen react in the presence of a catalyst to form formaldehyde. In a parallel
reaction, methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water:
CH4 + O2 → HCHO + H2O
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
The feed to the reactor contains equal amounts of methane and oxygen. Assume a basis of
100 mol feed/s.
(a) Draw and label a flowchart. Do a degree-of-freedom analysis based on atomic species
balances. 5 points
(b) The fractional conversion of methane is 0.9 and the fractional yield of formaldehyde is
0.855. Calculate the molar composition of the reactor output stream and the selectivity of
formaldehyde production relative to carbon dioxide production. 20 points

2) The product gas from a solid fuel combustion reaction has the following dry-basis molar
composition: 2.57% CO, 72% CO2, 25.4% O2, and 0.0592% SO2.
Pure oxygen is fed to the furnace in 20% excess of that required to burn the fuel completely.
There is no oxygen in the fuel. Calculate the elemental composition of the fuel. 25 points
 Homework 3 - solution
EVF401G Material and energy balance

1(a)
CH4 + O2 → HCHO + H2O
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

ṅ1 mol CO /s
2

100 mol/s ṅ2 mol H2O/s

0.5 mol CH4/mol ṅ3 mol O2/s
0.5 mol O2/mol ṅ4 mol HCHO/s
ṅ5 mol CH /s
4

Degree-of-Freedom Analysis:
5 unknowns
- 3 atomic balances (C, H, O)
2 degrees of freedom
But we get 2 relations in part b then we can solve the problem.
(b)
Fractional conversion: (50 - ṅ5) = 0.9
ṅ5= 5 mol CH4/s unreacted
Fractional yield: ṅ4/50 = 0.855
ṅ4 = 42.75 mol HCHO/s

C balance:
50 mol CH4/s = ṅ1 + 5 mol CH4/s + 42.75 mol HCHO/s
ṅ1 = 2.25 mol CO2/s
H balance:
50(4) = ṅ2(2)+ 42.75(2) + 5(4)
ṅ2 = 47.25 mol H2O/s

O balance
50(2) = 2.25(2) + 47.25(1) + ṅ3(2) + 42.75
ṅ3 = 2.75 mol O /s
2
yH2O = 47.25/100 = 0.4725 mol H2O/mol
yCH4 = 0.05 mol CH4/mol
yCO2 = 0.0225 mol CO2/mol
yHCHO = 0.4275 mol HCHO/mol
yO2 = 0.0275 mol O2/mol

selectivity: (42.75 mol HCHO/s)/( 2.25 mol CO2/s) = 19 mol HCHO/mol CO2

2)
Basis: 100 mol Product Gas
n1 (mol C) 100 mol dry gas
n (mol H) 0.254 mol O2/mol dry gas
2
n3 (mol S) 0.000592 mol SO /mol dry gas
2
0.0257 mol CO/mol dry gas
25% excess O2 0.72 mol CO2/mol dry gas
n4(mol) n5(mol H2O)

C + O2 → CO2
S + O2 → SO2
2C + O2 → 2CO
4H + O2 → 2H2O
Degree-of-Freedom Analysis:
5 unknowns
- 4 atomic balances (C, H, S, O)
- 1 relation
0 degrees of freedom
C balance:
n1 = 100 mol (0.0257 mol CO/mol) × (1 mol C/1 mol CO) + 100 mol (0.72 mol CO2))(1 mol C/1 mol
CO2)
n1 = 74.57 mol C
S balance:
n3 = 100 mol (0.000592 mol SO2/mol) × (1 mol S/1 mol SO2) = 0.0592
From these reactions we write an equation for theoretical oxygen calculation:
C + O2 → CO2
S + O2 → SO2
4H + O2 → 2H2O
20% excess O2 1.2 × 74.57 mol C × 1 mol O2 required/1 mol C + n2 × 1 mol O2 required/4 mol H +
0.0592 S × 1 mol O2 required/1 mol S = n4
(1) 1.2 (47.57 + 0.25 n2 + 0.0592) = n4
H balance:
(2) n2 = 2n5
O balance
(3) 2 n4 = 100 × ( (2(0.254)) + (2(0.000592) + 0.0257 + (2(0.72) + n5 )
From (2), (2), (2) we have:
n2 = 183.6 mol H
n4 = 144.6 mol O2
n5 = 91.8 mol H2O
Total moles in feed (C+H+S): 258.4 so: 28.9%C, 71.1%H, 0.023%S
 Homework 4 - solution
EVF401G Material and energy balance

1)
Basis: 1 m3 N2 gas fed at 205 °C, 1.1 bar
Ac = Acetone

n1 =
1 m3 273K 1.1 bar 1 kmol
478K 1.0132 bar 22.4 m3
(STP)
= 0.0277 kmol
y1 = 0.01 bar/1.1 bar = 0.0909 kmol Ac/kmol
y3 = 0.379 bar/40 bar = 9.47 × 10-3 kmol Ac/kmol
N2 balance: 0.0277 × 0.91 = (1 - 9.47 × 10-3) n3
n3 = 0.0254 kmol
Total mole balance: n1 = n2 + n3
n2 = 0.0023 kmol Ac condensed
kg Ac condensed = 0.0023 kmol Ac × (58.08 kg / 1 kmol) = 0.133 kg Ac condensed
Product gas volume: 0.0254 kmol × 22.4 m3 (STP) × (283K/273K) × (1.0132bar/40bar) =
0.0149 m3

2)
CH4: Tc = 190.7 K, Pc = 45.8 atm
C2H6: Tc = 305.4 K, Pc = 48.2 atm
C2H4: Tc = 283.1 K, Pc = 50.5 atm
Pseudoreduced temperature and pressure:
T´c = (0.2 × 190.7) + (0.3 × 305.4) + (0.5 × 283.1) = 271.3 K
P´c = (0.2 × 45.8) + (0.3 × 48.2) + (0.5 × 50.5) = 48.9 atm
Reduced temperature and pressure:
Tr = (90 + 273 K) / 271.3 K = 1.34
Pr = (200 bar/48.9 atm) × (1 atm/1.01325 bar) = 4.04
From figure 5.4-3: zm = 0.71
Mean molecular weight of mixture = 0.2 MCH4 + 0.3 MC2H6 + 0.5 MC2H4
= 0.2 × 16.04 + 0.3 × 30.07 + 0.5 × 28.05 = 26.25 kg/kmol
V = zmnRT/P
V = 0.71 × 10 kg × (1 kmol/26.25) × (0.08314 m3.bar/kmol.K) × ((90+273) K/ 200 bar) = 0.041
m3 = 41 L
 Homework 4
EVF401G Material and energy balance

Due date: 23:59 pm, Tuesday 27.02.2022.

Write your answers in an organized and clear manner. Submit your answers in a single .pdf file on
Canvas. You can solve the exercises using pen and paper and scan the solution to a .pdf file
(answers must be readable, use a dark pen) or write up the solution in Word, Powerpoint, Latex,…
and export the solution to a .pdf file.

Write every steps/assumptions in the calculation towards the final answer as all the steps will
give you score points. Reporting the final answer only will not contribute to a full score point.
Write everything in English.
This homework will count as 4% of your final grade.

1) The combined nitrogen and acetone gases enter a condenser at 205°C and 1.1 bar in which a
portion of the acetone is liquefied. The remaining gas leaves the condenser at 10°C and 40 bar. The
partial pressure of acetone in the feed to the condenser is 0.1 bar, and that in the gas from the
condenser is 0.379 bar. Assume ideal-gas behavior.
Draw and lable the flowchart, then calculate for a basis of 1 m3 of gas fed to the condenser the mass
of acetone condensed (kg) and the volume of gas leaving the condenser (m3). 20 points

2) A gas consists of 20 mole% CH4, 30.0% C2H6, and 50.0% C2H4. Ten kilograms of this gas is to
be compressed to a pressure of 200 bar at 90°C. Using Kay’s rule, estimate the final volume of the
gas. 20 points