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    1-Principles and Practice of Ground Improvement-Wiley (2015) - 26

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    Ahmed Khedr
    This document discusses categories and subcategories of thermal and biological ground treatment methods. It provides details on two treatment methods: ground freezing and biological treating. Ground freezing involves removing heat from the ground to solidify soils, which can increase strength and reduce water flow and movement. It is suitable for saturated clays and sands. Biological treating utilizes vegetation and roots to increase soil strength and change properties, reducing erosion and liquefaction potential. It requires more research but may be suitable for cohesive and non-cohesive soils. The document also rates the level of establishment for these methods from 1 to 5.

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    1-Principles and Practice of Ground Improvement-Wiley (2015) - 26

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Khedr
    30 views1 page
    This document discusses categories and subcategories of thermal and biological ground treatment methods. It provides details on two treatment methods: ground freezing and biological treating. Ground freezing involves removing heat from the ground to solidify soils, which can increase strength and reduce water flow and movement. It is suitable for saturated clays and sands. Biological treating utilizes vegetation and roots to increase soil strength and change properties, reducing erosion and liquefaction potential. It requires more research but may be suitable for cohesive and non-cohesive soils. The document also rates the level of establishment for these methods from 1 to 5.

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    1-Principles and Practice of Ground Improvement-Wiley (2015)_26

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    This document discusses categories and subcategories of thermal and biological ground treatment methods. It provides details on two treatment methods: ground freezing and biological treating. Ground freezing involves removing heat from the ground to solidify soils, which can increase strength and reduce water flow and movement. It is suitable for saturated clays and sands. Biological treating utilizes vegetation and roots to increase soil strength and change properties, reducing erosion and liquefaction potential. It requires more research but may be suitable for cohesive and non-cohesive soils. The document also rates the level of establishment for these methods from 1 to 5.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views1 page

    1-Principles and Practice of Ground Improvement-Wiley (2015) - 26

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Khedr
    This document discusses categories and subcategories of thermal and biological ground treatment methods. It provides details on two treatment methods: ground freezing and biological treating. Ground freezing involves removing heat from the ground to solidify soils, which can increase strength and reduce water flow and movement. It is suitable for saturated clays and sands. Biological treating utilizes vegetation and roots to increase soil strength and change properties, reducing erosion and liquefaction potential. It requires more research but may be suitable for cohesive and non-cohesive soils. The document also rates the level of establishment for these methods from 1 to 5.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    10 1 INTRODUCTION

    Table 1.5 Subcategory (Continued)


    Category

    Method and Level of General


    Establishmenta Description Benefit Application
    Thermal and biological treatment

    Ground freezing Remove heat from ground to Increase strength; reduce water Suitable for saturated clay and
    Level = 2 reduce soil temperature below flow and ground movement sand; used for temporary
    freezing point and turn protection during excavation
    geomaterial into solid
    Biological treating
    Utilize vegetation and roots to Increase strength and stiffness; Suitable for cohensive and
    Level = 1
    increase shear strength of soil reduce erodibility and cohesionless geomaterials;
    or change soil properties by liquefaction potential requires more research and
    biomediated geochemical field trial before it is adopted
    process, including mineral in practice
    precipitation, gas generation,
    biofilm formation, and
    biopolymer generation
    a
    Level of technology establishment: rating scale 1 = not established, 3 = averagely established, and 5 = well established (most of the
    ratings are based on the recommendations by the SHRP II R02 team; however, some ratings with an asterisk * are adjusted or added from
    the international perspective and the author’s judgment).

    earth walls. Among these options, cut and fill are two For roadway construction, options for subgrade and base
    different situations. Option (a) is often adopted when course (or ballast) can be: (1) natural subgrade and granular
    there is open land. It is also least expensive and easy for base, (2) lime/cement-stabilized subgrade and base, and
    vegetation. Options (b) and (d) are often adopted when (3) geosynthetic-reinforced subgrade and base.
    there is limited space. Option (b) using slurry walls, gravity For all applications, unimproved conditions should be
    walls, or cantilever walls is often most expensive among evaluated against performance criteria first. If unimproved
    all the options but gains large useful land. Reinforced conditions satisfy the performance criteria, no ground
    earth walls are typically less expensive than slurry walls, improvement is needed; otherwise, ground improvement is
    gravity walls, and cantilever walls. Option (c) is between required.
    option (a) and options (b) and (d) in terms of land re- 1.5.2 Factors for Selecting Ground
    quirement/utilization and cost. Option (c) has flexibility of Improvement Method
    different slope angles and may still establish vegetation.
    Ground improvement methods can be used for options (b), Selection of ground improvement method should consider
    (c), and (d). the following conditions: (1) structural conditions,

    Figure 1.1 Options for foundations (modified from Mitchell and Jardine, 2002).

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