SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE
Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur
College of Education Department
First Semester
AY 2023 – 2024
FACILITATING LEARNING
MODULE 5: Introduction to Information and Computer
Technology
IRENE E. BELLEZA
Instructor
COMPETENCY
1. Designs ICT-enabled education settings for meaningful learning and
comprehensive education of students. Code N.I.C.1 Exp.2016
INTEGRATION LEVEL
TERM: MIDTERM
Time Frame/Number of
I-INTRODUCTION Hours – 3 hour
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The term computer is derived from the Latin word compute, which means to
calculate. A computer is an electronic machine, devised for performing calculations
and controlling operations that can be expressed either in logical or numerical
terms. In simple terms, a computer is an electronic device that performs diverse
operations with the help of instructions to process the information in order to
achieve the desired results. Computer application extends to cover huge area
including education, industries, government, medicine, scientific research etc. A
computer is one of the most influential forces available in modern times. Due to its
memory, high speed and perfection, its application can be extended to almost
infinite levels. Millions of complex calculations can be done in mere fraction of time.
Difficult decisions can be made with accuracy for comparatively little cost.
Computers are widely seen as instruments for future progress and as tools to
achieve substantiality by way of improved access to information by means of video
conferencing and e-mail. Indeed computers have left such on impression on
modern civilization that we call this era as the information age.
Since the dawn of modern computers, the rapid digitization and growth in the
amount of data created, shared, and consumed has transformed society greatly. In
a world that is interconnected, change happens at a startling pace
II-OBJECTIVE/LEARNING OUTCOME
A. Identifies some basic tools to improve effectively the storage, communication,
transmission and exchange of information
B. Recognizes that ICTs provide more flexibility in terms of space, time and
resource management.
C. Recognizes the benefits and implications of using ICTs for accessing and
searching quality information in an educating setting
III-DEFINITION OF TERMS
CPU-Central processing unit; the brain of the computer; controls the other elements
of the computer.
Disk Drive-A peripheral device that reads and/or writes information on a disk
Hard Drive-A device (usually within the computer case) that reads and writes
information, including the operating system, program files, and data files
Keyboard-A peripheral used to input data by pressing keys
Modem-A peripheral device used to connect one computer to another over a phone
line
Monitor-A device used to display information visually
Mouse- A peripheral device used to point to items on a monitor
NIC-Network interface card; a board inserted in a computer that provides a physical
connection to a network
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Printer-A peripheral device that converts output from a computer into a printed
image
Software - Instructions executed by a computer
Applications-Complete, self-contained programs that perform a specific function (ie.
spreadsheets, databases)
Bit-A computer's most basic unit of information
Boot-The process of loading or initializing an operating system on a computer;
usually occurs as soon as a computer is turned on
Browser-A program used to view World Wide Web pages, such as Netscape
Navigator or Internet Explorer
Bug-A part of a program that usually causes the computer to malfunction; often
remedied in patches or updates to the program
Byte-Small unit of data storage; 8 bits; usually holds one character
et of data; a file that contains numerous records that contain numerous fields
FAQ-Frequently asked question; documents that answer questions common to a
particular website or program
File-Namable unit of data storage; an element of data storage; a single sequence of
bytes
Folder-A graphical representation used to organize a collection of computer files; as
in the concept of a filing cabinet (computer's hard drive) with files (folders)
Freeware-Software provided at no cost to the user
Gigabyte-1,073,741,824 bytes or 1,024 megabytes; generally abbreviated GB
GUI-Graphical user interface; uses pictures and words to represent ideas, choices,
functions, etc.
Internet-A network of computer networks encompassing the World Wide Web, FTP,
telnet, and many other protocols
IP number-Internet protocol; a computer's unique address or number on the
Internet
Kilobyte-1,024 bytes; usually abbreviated KB
Megabyte-1,048,576 bytes or 1,024 kilobytes; enough storage to approximately
equal a 600 page paperback book; generally abbreviated Mb
Memory-Any device that holds computer data
Menu-A list of operations available to the user of a program
Network-A collection of computers that are connected
RAM-Random access memory; the type of storage that changes; when the computer
is turned off, the RAM memory is erased
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ROM-Read-only memory; the type of storage that is not changed even when the
computer is turned off
Spreadsheet-A program arranged in rows and columns that manipulates numbers
Tool Bar-A graphical representation of program activities; a row of icons used to
perform tasks in a program
URL-Uniform resource locator; the address of a site on the World Wide Web; a
Window-A screen in a software program that permits the user to view several
programs at one time
Word Processor-A program that allows the user to create primarily text document
IV-INFORMATION SHEET
Information technology has been around for a long, long time. Basically as
long as people have been around! Humans have always been quick to adapt
technologies for better and faster communication.
What is a computer?
A computer is any machine that can be programmed to carry out a set of
algorithms and arithmetic instructions.
Of course, the computers we think of today are so much more than that—and I’m
talking beyond just being machines used to play games and watch videos of cats on
the internet!
5 parts of a computer
Whether it's a gaming system or a home PC, the five main components that make
up a typical, present-day computer include:
● A motherboard
● A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
● A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card
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● Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory
● Storage: Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
In terms of construction, each of these main components are attached to the
motherboard and then put into a protective case—resembling the clean, polished
look most of us are accustomed to seeing.
Sure, most computers have their own distinct design - and different brands of
hardware installed - but the components listed above are standard across all
computers.
Important: A quick note before we dive into the details—I’m listing and talking
about the different components of a computer. This is by no means intended to be
an invitation to disassemble your computer, nor is it a set of instructions to do so.
Without the proper knowledge, you can severely damage your computer, and
importantly, doing so is unsafe.
1. The motherboard
What it is: All components of a computer communicate through a circuit board
called the motherboard, as was mentioned above.
The motherboard’s video card and Central Processing Unit are contained in an
integrated (built-in) chipset, shown in the picture below:
This is where input/output devices such as a keyboard, mouse, and speakers get
plugged in.
2. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is often called the "brain" of a computer, thanks to its direct plug
connection to the motherboard, and communication with all of the computer’s
other components.
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3. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
It's not uncommon to hear gamers obsess over the next new graphics card,
as these graphic cards make it possible for computers to generate high-end visuals
like those found in the many different types of video games.
In addition to video games, though, good graphics cards also come in handy
for those who rely on images in order to execute their craft, like 3D modelers using
resource-intensive software.
Graphics cards often communicate directly with the display monitor,
meaning a $1,000 graphics card won't be of much use if there isn't a high-end
monitor connected to it.
4. Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM, also known as volatile memory, stores data regarding frequently
accessed programs and processes. (It's called volatile memory because it gets
erased every time the computer restarts.)
RAM helps programs and games start up and close quickly.
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5. Storage
All computers need somewhere to store their data. Modern computers either
use a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD).
HDDs are made of an actual disk onto which data is stored. The disk is read
by a mechanical arm. (HDDs are cheaper than SSDs, but are slowly becoming more
and more obsolete.)
SSDs (think SIM cards) have no moving parts and are faster than a hard drive,
because no time is spent waiting for a mechanical arm to find data on a physical
location on the disk.
7 Basic Computers Skills
As we swiftly move towards paperless workspaces, every function requires at least
Share
some level of interaction with computers. Those with sharp skills in using
computers get an edge over those who don’t when interviewing for the same
profile. And the good news is that using basic computer applications to get work
done is not difficult t.
Learn the following basic technical skills and add them into your resume to
better organize your work and stay up-to-date in the job market.
7 Basic Computer Skills for Resume That Will Help You Get Hired
1. Microsoft Office
2. Web and Social Skills
3. Troubleshooting
4. Graphic Design
5. Blogging
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6. Writing Skills
7. Job Specific Skills
1. Microsoft Office
Image credit- Pixabay.com
An office would find it difficult to function without Microsoft Office. The suite has a
set of tools that almost all functions at all workplaces have some use for. If you are
still not very confident about your MS Office skills, brush them up before you start
losing out on excellent job opportunities just because of this one shortcoming. Here
is what all you need to learn:
● Spreadsheets
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Excel spreadsheets are incredibly versatile tools for storing and organizing tabular
data, doing calculations on it and performing some strong analytics. As the focus
shifts to data in nearly all workplaces, it will become all the more important for
workers at all levels to have to deal with at least some bit of it through Excel files.
In this scenario, not knowing Excel well will snap points off your resume.
● PowerPoint
Presentations are a means of succinctly communicating the results of your work or
an idea with others. Being able to quickly put up decent presentations without
faltering is a skill you can highlight during interviews.
● Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access extends the data storage and analysis capability of Excel. While
spreadsheets work splendidly for relatively small amounts of data, Access supports
database management for huge volumes. It’s an extremely useful skill to have if
your profile requires working with large datasets like those of annual sales figures.
● QuickBooks
QuickBooks is accounting software useful in accomplishing a range of tasks like
managing bills, invoicing, tracking miles, managing contracts, reporting, inventory
management and capital management. It finds applications most commonly in
small to medium sized businesses. Owing to its versatility and reliability,
QuickBooks has become a very popular tool and being able to use it will be an add-
on in your resume.
● OneNote
OneNote is an interesting application that lets you store a variety of styles of notes
from handwritten notes to screenshots to audio clippings to sketches. Many
different users can collaborate and store their notes together in one place.
● Email
Almost all of business communication happens on email. Writing mails that put
your point across without being wordy make you come across as professional and
well put together.
2. Web and Social Skills
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Image credit- Pixabay.com
Web skills include being able to do an effective research on data, acquire a new
skill off the Internet, or quickly get images or graphics to support your
presentations. Even though nearly everybody can accomplish these tasks, those
with real skills will be able to do so considerably faster than the others.
Social media skills too are exceptionally important in today’s workplace. This is the
space where a significant number of leads are obtained, networks are formed and
even hiring takes place. To begin with, brush up your LinkedIn profile and
approach recruiters – this will in itself enhance your chances!
3. Troubleshooting
Image credit- Freepik.com
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If a frozen program or a malfunctioning USB port leaves you in a frenzy, it is time
to study the systems a little better so you can fix up little problems on your own.
4. Graphic Design
Image credit- Freepik.com
From marketing to product design, graphics find a crucial space in many industry
verticals, and knowing how to use all the computer resources at hand to create
graphics is a highly valued skill.
5. Blogging
Image credit- Freepik.com
Whether you write about your own career progressions or do so for a product or service
on behalf of a company, blogging is ubiquitous. Good blogs not just inform but also
entertain the reader. If you have knowledge, blogging is one of the best ways to share it,
and also to let potential employers understand the value you could bring them.
6. Writing Skills
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Image credit- Freepik.com
Analytical writing is a powerful skill. While creative writing may be a bit of an
inherent talent, analytical writing is a skill you can develop. Read lots of good blogs
from your industry, make writing a habit and don’t hesitate in getting writing tips
and feedback on your own writing by others. If you are planning to be a
professional writer, you need to learn to use various tools such as spreadsheets,
video editing, blogging platforms, collaboration apps etc to succeed.
7. Job Specific Skills
Image credit- Freepik.com
Besides generic computer proficiency, different job profiles may require their own
specific set of computer skills. If you are applying into a role for the first time, do a
research into the commonest technologies in use in that area, and make an effort at
learning some or all of them on your own. Not having to train an employee from scratch
on a software application is a delight to most employers and will naturally earn you some
brownie points in the hiring process.
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Learning is a lifelong process. And in the current age, tech-oriented learning is extremely
important for everyone. The more updated you keep your skills, the higher will be the
chances of landing your dream job.
Top 10 most powerful uses of Microsoft Word
February 24, 2017 by Vijay Sharma
You can use MS Word in daily life and business to create professional-looking
documents such as resumes, letters, applications, forms, brochures, templates,
business cards, calendars, reports, eBooks, and newsletters in speed with high
quality.
In this article, you can learn about the various uses of Microsoft Word in your daily
life. A complete guide so you can be able to use Microsoft Word. Microsoft word is a
powerful, proven, and professional application software. Microsoft Word application
is the easiest word processing program developed by Microsoft Inc. to create
personal, educational, and workplace documents.
What is Microsoft Word?
Microsoft word is word processing software you can after buying complete packages
of Microsoft Office suite. Microsoft Word helps to manage daily life official works.
Microsoft Word is the most productive application on any computer. In which
students can create school projects and professionals can use to create workplace
documents.
Microsoft Word skills is also a basic computer skill that is required in almost all
kind of jobs, professions, and business for all kind of document creation and
editing works.
What is the difference between MS word and MS excel?
Microsoft Excel is used to conduct calculations, research, data visualization in
charts, data management, data analytics. Microsoft Excel application is based on
an electronic spreadsheet in which you can use various mathematical and logical
formulas.
Microsoft Word is used to create various types of official documents that you can
print and publish. When you open Microsoft Word, it contains a default document,
like a paper. This document is used to type and write whatever you want. In this,
you can use cursor position and features to format and align your document
professionally. There are various default templates, help you in creating a Microsoft
Word document.
Both excel and word applications are included in Microsoft Office Suite.
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Following are the top 10 professional and personal uses of Microsoft Word
1. Business and workplace use of Microsoft Word: –
You can create all types of official documents in Microsoft Word. You can use the
template function in Microsoft to download letterhead samples, bills, and cash
memos, joining letters, receipts, letterheads, and all various types of accounts
management-related work.
You can send an email by using a mail merge that helps you to send one document
to thousands of people with names and addresses.
The use of Microsoft Word in official works is really easy and productive other than
any other word processing software. After installing and working on MS word you
don’t need to find anything on the search engine. It’s because if you don’t know
something, you can even search inside Microsoft Word when it’s connected to the
internet.
2. MS word uses in Education: –
Microsoft word is the best teaching tool for teachers. You can create a lecture script
by using text, word art, shapes, colors, and images. That will explore creativity in
students. They will watch a slide or printed document more interestingly.
Other than that you can type and edit question papers in Microsoft Word. You can
write an application, a letter that is helpful in a certain situation. Microsoft Word is
used to create various educational materials. It’s helpful to create error-free
documents.
3. Home-based users of Microsoft Word: –
You can create a birthday card, invitation card in Microsoft Word by using pre-
defined templates or using insert menu and format menus functions. You can also
type a letter to the municipal party in MS-Word.
Microsoft word is like a diary for personal use, in which you can write your day-to-
day actives. Such as you can type and print the shopping list on paper.
4. Microsoft Word helps you to get a job: –
Microsoft Office’s basic knowledge can play a big role to get you a job. As you
learned above business and commercial uses of Microsoft Word. It means the basic
and advanced knowledge of MS Word can help you to get a job. And it’s’ great skill
that you can highlight in your resume.
5. Help to create resumes, notes, and assignments: –
You can create notes and assignments in MS-word. It’s easy to write and format
text in Microsoft word by using various text formatting options such as paragraphs,
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fonts, styles, etc. You can insert a cover page, you can insert watermark and tables
in your assignment according to your choice.
6. You can create books, articles, and newsletters: –
Microsoft word is used by millions of people around the world for document writing
since its launch. And writing a book in Microsoft Word is really easy. There are lots
of features and functionality that can help you to create and print a book.
A book needs a cover page, content, head and footers, image adjustments, text
alignment, and text highlighter, etc. All these features are available in Microsoft
Word.
Also, you can create e-books or pdf documents by just need to save your document
in .pdf. This is an option you can find in the file menu after that change the save
type from .docx to .pdf and it will create an ebook or notes files for you. But save an
original copy of the Word file in .docx, before saving in .pdf format.
7. Used to create edit, transcribe, and convert PDF documents: –
You can create and edit PDF documents in Microsoft Word. You can also transcribe
the video into a word file. You can copy and edit pre-written books.
Microsoft word is used by data entry operators, assistants, and typists more often
to enter and format text in a word file. You can also use Microsoft word to translate
a document from English to Hindi and Italian to English. But to type in Hindi, You
need Hindi fonts such as Kundli, Agra, etc.
8. You can start an offline/online business after learning Microsoft word: –
Now you know that there are so many uses of Microsoft Word and Office in our
daily life. So, you can use Microsoft word to start the business. You can start your
business online and offline. You need to create documents for official works. It’s
like a data entry business. You can start freelancing to get Microsoft Word-related
works. You can sell documents on your own website. You can even buy a printer
and provide notes for school students. Like a home-based cyber café.
9. Collaborate with team members anytime and from anywhere: –
You can use Microsoft word to collaborate with your team while working on the
same project and document. For that, you need to use Microsoft word online.
Microsoft word is now updated to cloud base applications in which the cost of
official works is reduced.
10. You can use Microsoft Word to teach student: –
Microsoft’s word commercial uses are more than our thinking. But after learning
and practicing Microsoft Office or Microsoft application you can teach to other
people.
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You can teach your own kids how to download images and align text with images
for notes. How to create resumes. If you have minimum knowledge of official works
then you can even start teaching people online by creating a video tutorial that you
can upload on YouTube. After that, you can monetize your video and website
content with Google Adsense.
That’s it! It’s little detail, I am using Microsoft word for the last 10 years for all the
above things. I hope it is helpful for you.
There are 4 main ages that divide up the history of information technology but only
the latest age (electronic) and some of the electromechanical age really affects us
today.
1. PRE-MECHANICAL
The earliest age of technology. It can be defined as the time between 3000 B.C.
and 1450 A.D. When humans first started communicating, they would try to
use language to make simple pictures – petroglyphs to tell a story, map their
terrain, or keep accounts such as how many animals one owned, etc.
Petroglyph in Utah This trend continued with the advent of formal language
and better media such as rags, papyrus, and eventually paper. The first ever
calculator – the abacus was invented in this period after the development of
numbering systems.
Petroglyph in Utah
2. MECHANICAL
The mechanical age is when we first start to see connections between our
current technology and its ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as the
time between 1450 and 1840. A lot of new technologies were developed in this
era due to an explosion of interest in computation and information.
Technologies like the slide ruler (an analog computer used for multiplying and
dividing) were invented in this period. Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, a
very popular mechanical computer capable of adding, subtracting, multiplying,
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and dividing two numbers. Initially called the arithmetic machine, it was
granted a royal privilege by King Louis XIV of France in 1649.
Pascaline from 1652
3. ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
The electromechanical age heralded the beginnings of telecommunications as we know it today.
This age can be defined roughly as the time between 1840 and 1940. Several revolutionary
technologies were invented in this period such as the Morse code, telephone, radio, etc. All of
these technologies were crucial stepping stones towards modern information technology
systems. The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Harvard
Mark 1 created by IBM in 1944. This 8ft x 50ft x 2ft big computer weighed a whopping five tons
and had to be programmed using punch cards. Its first use was by the Manhattan Project to
simulate the feasibility of an implosion to detonate an atomic bomb.
Engineers Work on A Harvard Mark 1 (1944)
4. ELECTRONIC
These machines used electronic switches, in the form of vacuum tubes, instead
of the electromechanical relays seen in the previous era. In principle the
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electronic switches would be more reliable, since they would have no moving
parts that would wear out, but the technology was still new at that time and
the tubes were comparable to relays in reliability. The major benefit of
electronic switches was that they could ‘open’ and ‘close’ thousands of times
faster than relays.
ENIAC Being Programmed (1940’s)
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic
general-purpose computer. It could solve a large class of numerical problems
through reprogramming. Although it was designed and primarily used to
calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic Research
Laboratory, its first programs included a study of the feasibility of the
thermonuclear weapon.
INFORMATION AGE AND THE INTERNET
The information age, made possible by the advent of electronic computers, is
characterized by the shift from traditional industry to an economy based on
information digitization. The onset of the Information Age is associated with the
Digital Revolution, just as the Industrial Revolution marked the onset of the
Industrial Age. The Internet, synonymous with modern IT, was conceived of as
a fail-proof network that could connect computers together and be resistant to
any single point of failure. Because of decentralization, the Internet cannot be
totally destroyed in one event. If large areas are disabled, the information can
be easily rerouted. Its initial software applications were e-mail and computer
file transfer.
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Map of Submarine Cables That Connect Networks
Though the Internet itself has existed since 1969, it was with the invention of
the World Wide Web in 1989 by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee and its
introduction in 1991 that the Internet became an easily accessible network.
The Internet is now a global platform for accelerating the flow of information
and is pushing many, if not most, older forms of media into obsolescence.
V-STUDENTS ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
SAQ1. What are those theories, or set of ideas that you think could be
considered an emerging pedagogy?
SAQ2. What is the best methodology or framework to effectively integrate ICT
in everyday living?
SAQ3. Why is it that the software is important in our daily task in the
offices?
SAQ4. Are there any recent apps on computer conferencing (e.g. discussion
forum) in education? Cite 3 example
SAQ5. When Should You Integrate Technology?
VI-SUMMARY
What is a computer?
A computer is any machine that can be programmed to carry out a set of
algorithms and arithmetic instructions.
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Of course, the computers we think of today are so much more than that—and I’m
talking beyond just being machines used to play games and watch videos of cats on
the internet!
5 parts of a computer
Whether it's a gaming system or a home PC, the five main components that make
up a typical, present-day computer include:
● A motherboard
● A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
● A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card
● Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory
● Storage: Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
7 Basic Computer Skills
1. Microsoft Office
2. 2. Web and Social Skills
3. 3. Troubleshooting
4. 4. Graphic Design
5. 5. Blogging
6. 6. Writing Skills
7. 7. Job Specific Skills
What is Microsoft Word?
Microsoft word is word processing software you can after buying complete
packages of Microsoft Office suite. Microsoft Word helps to manage daily life
official works. Microsoft Word is the most productive application on any
computer. In which students can create school projects and professionals can
use to create workplace documents.
● Microsoft Word skills is also a basic computer skill that is required in almost
all kind of jobs, professions, and business for all kind of document creation
and editing works.
● Microsoft Excel is used to conduct calculations, research, data visualization
in charts, data management, data analytics. Microsoft Excel application is
based on an electronic spreadsheet in which you can use various
mathematical and logical formulas.
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Top 10 most powerful uses of Microsoft Word
Following are the top 10 professional and personal uses of Microsoft Word
1. Business and workplace use of Microsoft Word: –
2. MS word uses in Education: –
3. Home-based users of Microsoft Word: –
4. Microsoft Word helps you to get a job: –
5. Help to create resumes, notes, and assignments: –
You can create notes and assignments in MS-word. It’s easy to write and format t
6. You can create books, articles, and newsletters: –
7. Used to create edit, transcribe, and convert PDF documents: –
8. You can start an offline/online business after learning Microsoft word: –
9. Collaborate with team members anytime and from anywhere: –
10. You can use Microsoft Word to teach student: –
VII-REFERENCE
https://www.thebalance.com/computer-skills-list-2063738
http://www.businessphrases.net/computer-skills-list/
https://careertrend.com/info-7751822-basic-computer-skills-required-jobs.html
http://www.careertoolbelt.com/computer-skills-that-will-help-you-get-hired/
VIII- EVALUATION
1.ICT stands for.
a. Inter connected Terminal
b. Inter Common Terminology
c. International Communication Technology
d. Information and Communication Technology
2.Which of the following is the appropriate definition of Information Technology?
a.Information Technology refers to the use of hardware and software for
processing information
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b. Information Technology refers to the use of hardware and software for
distribution of useful information
c. Information Technology refers to the use of principles of Physical science
and Social Sciences for processing information of many kinds
d. Information Technology refers to the use of hardware and software for
storage, retrieval, processing and distributing information of many kinds
3.Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
a.Computer is capable of processing only digital signal
b. Appropriate software is required for processing the data
c. Computer is capable of processing digital as well as analog signals
d. Computer is capable of analysing both quantitative and qualitative data
4.Which of the following is correct statement?
a A set of instructions is called a programmed
b. Computers can be used for diagnosing the difficulty of a student in
learning a subject
c. Psychological testing can be done with the help of computer provided
software is available
d. All of the above
5. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Virus is a part of software
b. Virus is an operating system
c. Internet does not allow the virus to spread
d. Virus improves the speed of processing information through computer
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