Course Name : ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Course Code : EC1351

Credits : 4
L T P : 3-0-2

Course Objectives:
By the end of this course, the students should be able to describe explain various analog modulation
techniques, i.e., amplitude and angle modulation schemes, their generation and detection, and enlist the
various functional blocks in analog communication receiver and transmitter. The students should also be
able to describe sampling theorem and various pulse modulation schemes. The student should also be able
to list the advantages of digital communication system over analog communication systems and appreciate
the mathematics involved in designing digital communication systems and understand different digital
modulation schemes, and have an introductory idea of information theory.

Lecture wise breakup Number of

Lectures
1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: 2
Principles of Communication Signal to Noise Ratio, Channel Bandwidth, Rate
of Communication, Modulation.
2 AMPLITUDE MODULATION: 7
Base band and carrier communication, Amplitude modulation: Double side Band
(DSB), Single Side Band (SSB), Vestigial Sideband (VSB), AM Receiver.
3 ANGLE MODULATION: 7
Concept of Instantaneous Frequency, Bandwidth of Angle Modulation, Generation of
FM wave, Demodulation of FM, Interference of Angle Modulated Systems, FM
Receivers.
4 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SCHEMES: 5
Sampling theorem, Analog to digital conversion schemes: Pulse Amplitude
Modulation, Pulse Width Modulation, Pulse Position Modulation, Pulse Code
Modulation (PCM), Differential PCM, Delta Modulation, Adaptive Delta Modulation.
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: 6
5 Advantages of digital communication over analog communication, Digital
communication system (description of different modules of the block diagram),
Complex baseband representation of signals, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization
procedure. M-ary orthogonal signals, bi-orthogonal signals, simplex signal
waveforms.
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: 10
6 Pulse amplitude modulation (binary and M-ary, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
(QAM)), Pulse position modulation (binary and M-ary), Carrier modulation (M-ary
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Frequency Shift Keying
(FSK), Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)), Continuous phase modulation
(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and variants, Minimum Shift Keying
(MSK), Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK)).
7 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING: 5
Concept of information, Entropy, Mutual information, Source encoding, channel
encoding, channel capacity

Number of
List of Simulations & Experiments: Turns
1 To perform modulation and demodulation of Double sideband modulation with carrier 1
and double sideband modulation- suppressed carrier (DSB-SC)
2 To perform single-sideband modulation (SSB) and demodulation 1
3 To perform phase and frequency modulation and demodulation 1
4 To study the operation of phase lock loop (PLL) 2
5 To perform verification of sampling theorem 1
6 To perform modulation and demodulation of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse 2
width modulation (PWM), and pulse position modulation (PPM)
7 To perform delta modulation and adaptive delta modulation 2
8 To perform modulation of amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK) 2
9 To perform modulation of differential phase shift keying modulation (DPSK), minimum 2
shift keying (MSK)

Course Outcomes: By the end of this course, the students will be able to
1. Explain the working of different analog communication modulation techniques and can describe their
modulation and demodulation.
2. Understand Sampling theorem, and can understand various analog to digital conversion schemes, i.e.,
Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Differential PCM, and various delta
modulation schemes, i.e., Delta Modulation, and Adaptive Delta Modulation.
3. Appreciate the mathematical foundations of digital communication systems and can explain various
digital modulation schemes.
4. Have a basic idea about information theory.
5. Perform various analog and digital modulation schemes using MATLAB.

Suggested Books:
Year of
Sr. Publication/
No. Name of Book/ Authors/ Publisher Reprint
1. Electronic Communication Systems by G. Kennedy And B. Davis, Mc Graw Hill, 4th 2006
Edition
2. Digital Communication by John G. Proakis and Masoud Salehi, Fifth edition, McGraw- 2008
Hill Higher education
3. Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems by B.P. Lathi, Oxford 2009
University
Press,4th Edition
4. Principles of Communication Systems by Taub and Schilling Tata McGraw-Hill 2008
Education, 3rd edition
nd 2006
5. Elements of Information Theory, by Thomas Cover and Joy Thomas, 2 edition, Wiley
-Interscience
Course Name : CONTROL SYSTEMS
Course Code : EC1352
Credits : 4
LTP : 3-1-0

Course Objectives:
By the end of this course, the students should be able to model a control system using different
approaches, analyse the system in time domain and frequency domain and investigate the stability.
The student should also be able to design lead, lag, lag lead compensators for the specified
requirements.

Total No. of Lectures – 42

Lecture wise breakup Number of
Lectures
INTRODUCTION: 4
1 Basic components of a control system, classification of control system,
Servomechanism, Regulator and process control, Feedback control Systems-
Characteristics and Performance
MODELLING A CONTROL SYSTEM: 6
2 Transfer function approach, Block Diagram Representation, Signal flow
graphs, Error Analysis
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS: 7
3 Time response of first order systems, second order systems, steady state errors
and error constants, Sensitivity, Concept of Stability, Conditions of Stability
,Root Locus Technique
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS: 14
Correlation between time and frequency response, Polar Plots, Bode Plot,
4 stability margins on Bode plots, Nyquist criteria, Assessment of stability using
Nyquist criteria, Design problem, preliminary considerations of classical
design, realization of basic compensators,
lead compensator, Lag compensator, Lag Lead Compensator
CONTROL ACTIONS AND CONTROLLER CHARACTERISTICS: 3
5 Proportional, Integral and Derivative Control Actions, Proportional plus
integral control action, proportional plus derivative control action, PID
controller
SAMPLED DATA CONTROL SYSTEMS: 4
6 Sample and Hold operations, frequency domain considerations, Transform
Analysis of sampled data systems, Linear difference equations, Z-transform,
block diagram analysis of
sampled data systems,
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS: 4
7 State Space representation, Transfer Matrix, State Transition Matrix, Single
Input Single output system, multiple input multiple output system,
Controllability and Observability

Course Outcomes: By the end of this course, the students will be able to
1 Determine the transfer function of the system using different approaches.
2 Determine the time response of the system and investigate the stability.
3 Determine the frequency response of the system and investigate the stability.
3 Design lead, lag, lag lead compensators and PID Controller for the specified requirements.
4 Develop the state space representation of the system and calculate the response to the input.
5 Analyse the sampled data control systems.
Suggested Books:
Sr. Year of
No. Name of Book/ Authors/ Publisher Publication
/ Reprint
1 Control Systems Engineering By Nagrath and Gopal, New Age 2006
International,4th Ed
2 Digital Control Engineering by M Gopal, New Age International 2003
3 Automatic Control Systems, Kuo, B.C, 9th Ed., Wiley India 2009
4 Modern Control Engineering, Ogata, K., 5th Ed., Pearson Education. 2008 2009
5 Modern Control Systems, Dorf, R.C. and Bishop, R.H., 12th Ed., Prentice-Hall 2010
of India.
6 Control Systems Engineering, Nise, N. S., 6th Ed., Wiley India 2010
Course Name : MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
Course Code : EC1353
Credits : 4
L T P : 3-0-2

Course Objectives:
By the end of this course the student should be able to understand the basics of microwave
measurements and characteristics and working of microwave sources, generators and amplifiers,
components and devices. The student should also be able to understand microwave propagation in
transmission lines and waveguides, and microwave radiation through antennas and the microwave
propagation. The student should also be able to describe the radar systems , scanning and tracking
techniques used in radar systems. They should also be able to practically analyse various
microwave devices, their characteristics and microwave measurements using test bench.
Total No. of Lectures – 42
Lecture wise breakup Number of
Lectures
1 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES 8
Concept of Distributed elements, Equations of Voltage and Current, Types of
Transmission lines, Standing Waves and Impedance Transformation, Lossless
and Low loss Transmission lines, Power transfer on a transmission line,
Transmission line calculations using Smith Chart ,Applications of
transmission lines Rectangular Waveguides, Field analysis and characteristics
of TE and TM modes, Losses in waveguides, Circular waveguides
MICROWAVE COMPONENTS 8
2 Introduction to microwave engineering, Attenuators and phase shifters, Bends,
Corners, Twists, Flanges, Shorts, Matched loads, Tees (e-plane h plane &
hybrid), Rat-race, Directional Couplers, Scattering matrix. Ferrite devices
(isolator, circulator, gyrator), Cavity resonators. Power and impedance
measurement, Measurement of SWR, Frequency and wavelength.
MICROWAVE SOURCES AND DETECTORS 8
3 Limitations of conventional solid state devices at microwave frequencies,
Transistors (MESFET, HEMT), Diodes (tunnel, varactor, pin), transferred
electron devices (GUNN), Avalanche transit time devices (IMPATT AND
TRAPATT), Limitations of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies,
Klystron amplifier, Reflex klystron, Magnetron, TWT, BWO, CFA’S.
Microwave detectors
4 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPOGATION: 8
The Potential Functions, Elemental Dipole Antennas (The Electric (Hertzian)
Dipole, Magnetic Dipole (Loop), Antenna Characteristics, The Long Dipole
and Monopole Antennas, Antenna Arrays, Antenna Directivity and Gain,
Antenna Coupling, The Friis Transmission Equation, Effect of Ground
Reflections on Signal Transmission, Introduction
to wave propogation.
INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS 10
5 Basic principal block diagram and operation of radar, Radar range equation,
PRF’s, Range ambiguities. Applications of radars. Doppler determination of
velocity, CW radar and its limitations, FM-CW radar, Basic principle and
Operation of MTI radar, Delay line cancellers, Blind speeds and staggered
PRF. Various scanning techniques (horizontal, vertical, spiral, palmer, raster,
nodding), Angle tracking system (lobe switching, conical scan, monopulse),
Range tracking systems, Doppler (velocity) tracking systems.
 Number of
List of Simulations & Experiments: Turns
1 Study of various microwave components 1
2 Measure the insertion loss and isolation of a circulator. 2
3 Draw the V-I characteristics of Reflex Klystron. 1
4 Plot the power output v/s frequency characteristics of a Gunn source. 1
5 Design a Schottky diode at S Band frequencies structure using software. 2
6 Design a GaN MOSFET at K band using Software. 1
7 Plot the radiation characteristics of the horn antenna. 1
8 Simulation of Microstrip antenna for k-band application 1
9 Fabrication of Micro Strip antenna for k-band application 2
Design an antenna and calculate Gain, directivity, antenna efficiency, 2
10 bandwidth and 3 dB beam width using empirical formulas. Compare the
simulated results obtained by software and theoretical results and Observe the
effect of feed location on center frequency, return loss and bandwidth.

Course Outcomes: By the end of this course the student will be able to
1 Understand a wide range of microwave generators, components, tubes and their
characteristics.
2 Get a basic idea about microwave measurements.
3 Describe radar systems, and the scanning and tracking techniques used in radar systems.
4 Understand microwave propagation through waveguides and transmission lines.
5 Describe radiation of microwaves through antenna and the propagation of radiated
microwaves in the environment.
6 Characterize microwave devices in terms of the directionality of communication.
7 Use a microwave test bench in analyzing various types of microwave measurements.
Suggested Books:
Year of
Sr. Publicati
No. Name of Book/ Authors/ Publisher on/
Reprint
1 Microwave devices and circuits (3rd Edition) by Samuel Liao, Pearson 2013
Publications
2 Introduction to Radar systems (2nd Edition) by Merill I Skolnik,McGraw Hill 2003
Publications
3 Microwave devices and Radar Engineering (3rd Edition) by Kulkarni,Umesh 2003
Publications
4 Foundation of Microwave Engineering (2nd Edition) by RE Collin; McGraw 2001
Hill Publications
5 Sonar for Practicing Engineers (3rd edition), by A.D. Waite, Wiley Publications 2002
Course Name : COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Course Code : EC2212
Credits : 4
LTP : 3-1-0
Course Objectives:
By the end of this course, the students should be able to define the basic concepts of Data
communication with different models, classify and compare the physical layer, Data Link Layer,
Network Layer and Transport Layer and their functions. The students should also be able to
summarize the Queueing concept, switching concept, its different types and explain the working
of various types of wireless networks and their protocol.

Total No. of Lectures: 42

Lecture wise breakup No. of
Lectures
1. OVERVIEW OF DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING: (5)
Data communications, Networks, The Internet, Protocols and standards, Layered
tasks, OSI model, TCP /IP protocol Architecture Overview (Physical, Data link,
Network, Transport, Application Layer), History of the computer network
2. PHYSICAL LAYER AND SWITCHING (5)
Data rate limit, Transmission impairments, Line coding, Block coding, FDM, WDM,
TDM, Guided media, Unguided media; Circuit Switching, Packet Switching
3. POINT-TO- POINT PROTOCOLS (6)
Error Detection and correction, Flow and error control, Stop and wait ARQ, go back
n ARQ, Selective repeat ARQ, Framing and standard Data Link Control protocol -
HDLC.
4. MULTIACCESS COMMUNICATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS PROTOCOLS: (10)
Queuing models in communication networks: Little’s Theorem, M/M/1 Queueing
System, M/M/m, M/M/m/m queueing systems
Random access (ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMD/CD) Performance modelling
and analysis., Controlled access (Reservation, Polling, Token Passing), Channelization
(FDMA,TDMA, CDMA), Local Area Networks, Traditional Ethernet, Fast Ethernet,
Gigabit Ethernet
5. INTERNETWORKING DEVICES AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS (7)
Repeaters, Bridges, Type of Bridges, Routers, Routing concepts, Gateways,
Internetworks, ARP, IP, ICMP, IPV6, Unicast routing, Unicast routing protocol,
Multicast routing, Multicast routing protocols, introduction to Security,
Cryptography, and SSL, Security - firewalls, DoS, etc.
6. TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS (5)
Process to process delivery, User datagram protocol (UDP) , Connection less
transport (UDP), Principles of reliable data transfer, Transmission control protocol
(TCP), Data traffic, Congestion, Congestion control, Quality of service
7. APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS (4)
DNS, Electronics mail architecture and services, message formats and transfers,
WWW architectural overview, static and dynamic web pages, HTTP, Digital audio
and video

Course Outcomes: By the end of this course, the students will be able to
1. Describe the computer network system and its communication.
2. Identify and compare the various layers of a computer network model, their role and
characteristics.
3. Explain various routing algorithms and switching concepts.
4. Identify the various wireless network models.
Suggested Books:
Sr. Name of Book/Authors/Publisher Year Of
No. Publication
/Reprint
1. Introduction to Data Communication & Networking by Behrouz Forouzan, 2012
Tata McGraw Hill Edition
2. Data and Computer Communications by William Stallings PHI 8th Edition. 2007
3. Data Communication and Distributed Networks, Ulylers D. Black, PHI 3rd ed. 1999
4. Computer Networks, Andrew S.Tanenbaum, , PHI 2nd ed. 2000
Course Name : DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Course Code : EC 2214 Pre-requisite: Signal and systems
Credits : 4
LTP : 302

Course Objectives:
To provide concepts and principles of DSP, its implementation and applications of DSP algorithms.

Total No. of Lectures – 42

Lecture wise breakup Number of
Lectures
INTRODUCTION
Review of discrete signals and systems analysis, sampling, quantization 2
1
and reconstruction processes, Typical applications of DSP
TRANSFORMATION OF DISCRETE SIGNALS 12
2 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its properties, IDFT, circular
convolution using DFT, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Decimation in
time and decimation in frequency algorithms, IFFT, K L transform,
DCT, JPEG and MPEG coding standards, Applications of DFT in speech
and audio coding
DIGITAL FILTERS
Recursive and non-recursive systems, Frequency domain representation
3 of discrete time systems, systems function, Ideal low pass filter 2
DESIGN OF IIR FILTERS
4 Impulse invariance transformation technique, Bilinear transformation, 6
Design of IIR Filters using Butterworth, chebyshev and elliptic filter ,
Digital frequency transformation
DESIGN OF FIR FILTERS
5 Design of FIR filters using Window technique, frequency sampling 6
technique, Equiripple Approx. technique, comparison of IIR and FIR
filters
6 REALIZATION OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Block diagrams and signal flow graphs for FIR and IIR systems, Direct 4
form, cascade and parallel form realization of FIR and IIR systems.
7 MULTIRATE DSP & APPLICATIONS
Fundamentals of Multirate systems and its applications, Decimation, 8
Interpolation, Sampling Rate Conversion, filter banks, introduction to
wavelet transform
8 ADAPTIVE WEINER FILTER
Adaptive Weiner filter & its application in echo cancellation and 2
equalization

List of Experiments: Number

of
Turns
1 Hands on Experience on MATLAB and generation of digital signals 1
2 Write a Program for Discrete Convolution, Impulse Response of finite and 1
infinite signals
3 Determine and plot Fourier Transform (magnitude and phase) for the infinite 1
duration sequence.
4 Compute DFT and IDFT for the given signal. 1
5 Compute DCT of any given signal. 1
6 Determine impulse response and unit step response of the given system. 1
7 Determine and plot frequency response of any LTI system. 1
8 Determine DTFT of the given sequence and plot magnitude and phase 1
response.
 9 Design an FIR low pass filter for the given specifications and plot frequency 1
response of the filter.
10 Design a LP Butterworth filter for the given specifications and plot frequency 1
response of the filter.
11 Write a program to obtain decimated and interpolated output of any given 1
input signal
12 Compute FFT of a real time speech and audio signal 2

Course Outcomes: By the end of this course, the students will be able to:
1 Understand concepts of various transformation techniques such as DFT ,FFT, DCT etc..
2 Understand various design techniques of IIR and FIR digital filters.
3 Understand principles and applications of multirate systems.

Suggested Books:
Sr. Year of
No. Name of Book/ Authors/ Publisher Publication
/ Reprint
1 Mitra, S.K., “Digital Signal Processing-A Computer Based Appraoach”, 3 Ed., 2010
TMH
2 Digital Signal Processing by A.V Oppenheim and R.W.Schafer, Pearson 2006
Education
3 Digital Signal Processing by S Salivahanan, A Vallavraj, C Gyanapriya, TMH 2011

4 Proakis, J.G. and Manolakis, D.G., “Digital Signal Processing: Principles, 2006
Algorithm
5 Vaidyanathan, P.P., “Multirate Systems and Filter Banks”, Pearson Education. 2003
6 Ifeachor, E.C. and Jervis, B.W., “Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach 2001