INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 4990

Third edition
2015-09-15

Steel castings — General technical

delivery requirements
Pièces moulées en acier — Conditions techniques générales de
fourniture

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ISO 4990:2015
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Reference number
ISO 4990:2015(E)

© ISO 2015
ISO 4990:2015(E)


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ISO 4990:2015
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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser......................................................................................................................... 2
5 Conditions of manufacture......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Foundry practice.................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.2 Cleaning and dressing........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
5.3 Production welding.............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6 Inspection and testing..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1 Non-specific inspection.................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.2 Specific inspection................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.2.1 Documents............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6.2.2 Sampling, preparation of test pieces, and mechanical and chemical test
methods and requirements..................................................................................................................................... 4
6.2.3 Inspection and testing of castings and requirements for surface
appearance and dimensions................................................................................................................................... 7
7 Marking........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Complaints................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
(standards.iteh.ai)
Annex A (normative) General conditions for specific inspections and tests............................................................... 9
Annex B (normative) Supplementary requirements.........................................................................................................................10
ISO 4990:2015
Bibliography..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ISO 4990:2015(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
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Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
(standards.iteh.ai)
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel castings.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second ISOedition (ISO 4990:2003), which has been technically
4990:2015
revised with the following changes:
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— Clause 2: new and replacement normative references have been added;
— 3.1 has been revised;
— 4.2 has been developed;
— 6.2.2.1 has been moved to 6.2.3, and the subclauses have been renumbered;
— in 6.2.2.4, editorial changes have been carried out to eliminate confusion over paragraph
identification and the last paragraph and the reference to ISO/TR 9769 have been deleted;
— 6.2.3.2.2 has been deleted and the contents moved to 6.2.3.2;
— 6.2.3.3 has been revised;
— Clause 7 has been revised;
— A.1.3 has been revised;
— A.3 has been deleted;
— B.2.2, B.4.2, and B.4.4 have been revised;
— Table 1 has been revised;
— Table 2 has been deleted;
— editorially revised.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4990:2015(E)

Steel castings — General technical delivery requirements

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of
steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of
samples and test pieces.
When a material or product standard differ from this delivery specification, the material or product
standard shall apply. In the case of investment castings, ISO 16468 will apply.
This International Standard also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which may be
applied to steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when
additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method
(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 404:2013, Steel and steel products — General technical delivery requirements
ISO 3651-2, Determination of resistance toISO intergranular
4990:2015 corrosion of stainless steels — Part 2: Ferritic,
austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels — Corrosion test in media containing sulfuric acid
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680d337bc39d/iso-4990-2015
ISO 4948-1, Steels — Classification — Part 1: Classification of steels into unalloyed and alloy steels based
on chemical composition
ISO 4986, Steel castings — Magnetic particle inspection
ISO 4987, Steel castings — Liquid penetrant inspection
ISO 4992-1, Steel castings — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes
ISO 4992-2, Steel castings — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed components
ISO 4993, Steel and iron castings — Radiographic inspection
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 6892-2, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature
ISO 6929:2013, Steel products — Vocabulary
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 11970, Specification and approval of welding procedures for production welding of steel castings
ISO 11971, Steel and iron castings — Visual examination of surface quality
ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition

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ISO 4990:2015(E)


ISO 18265, Metallic materials — Conversion of hardness values

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 404, ISO 4948-1, ISO 6929:2013,
Clause 9, ISO 11970, and the following apply. In case of dispute, the terms and definitions in ISO 4990
apply.
3.1
cast (heat)
all the molten metal poured from a single furnace or all the molten metal from two or more furnaces
poured into a single ladle or casting
Note 1 to entry: The following are some examples [the words in boldface are the criteria for determining the
cast (heat) definition]:

a) all the molten metal from one or more furnaces poured into a single ladle or casting;

b) all the molten metal in one melt in a single furnace.

4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser

4.1 The enquiry and order should include the information as specified in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
4.1.1 A description of the casting(s) by pattern number and/or drawing. When a pattern is supplied, a
complete list of the pattern equipment should be included. When a drawing is not supplied, the casting is
(standards.iteh.ai)
purchased on the basis of the pattern. In that case, the foundry shall not be responsible for the dimensions
of the part.
ISO 4990:2015
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Machining allowances, dimensional tolerances, and geometrical tolerances can be selected from
ISO 8062-3. 680d337bc39d/iso-4990-2015

All modifications to be made to the drawing, for the technical requirements of the manufacturer, shall
form the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

4.1.2 The material standard, delivery condition, and grade of steel, nickel, or cobalt alloy.

4.2 Where appropriate, the enquiry and order should include additional information, e.g.:

a) any supplementary requirements in accordance with Annex B;

b) non-destructive testing procedures to be used, extent of the non-destructive testing, and
acceptance criteria;
c) type of inspection document to be provided at the time of supply;
d) size of a test lot, see 6.2.3.1;
e) procedures for marking (in accordance with Clause 7), machining, protection, packaging, loading,
dispatching, and the destination;
f) submission of sample castings for approval before production quantities are produced, see A.1.3;
g) methods of statistical control to be used.
Inspection and testing procedures shall conform to Annex A, including the place of inspection and
testing for the purchaser, if the inspection or testing cannot be performed at the manufacturer’s works.

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 ISO 4990:2015(E)


5 Conditions of manufacture

5.1 Foundry practice

Unless otherwise agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order or specified in the material standard,
the selection of the method of melting, moulding, heat treatment, etc., is left to the discretion of the
manufacturer.

5.2 Cleaning and dressing

All the castings shall be cleaned and dressed sufficiently to determine compliance with the requirements
of 6.2.3. Additional dressing may be agreed to at the time of the enquiry and order.

5.3 Production welding

Unless specified at the time of the enquiry and order, the casting(s) may be subjected to production
welding without the prior approval of the purchaser. Weld procedures for production welding shall be
in accordance with ISO 11970.
For a supplement specifying major finishing welds, see B.8.1 and B.8.2.

6 Inspection and testing

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6.1 Non-specific inspection
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This inspection shall be arranged by the manufacturer and drawn up to ensure that the specified
requirements are complied with.
ISO 4990:2015
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purchaser at the time of the enquiry and ordering, the manufacturer shall supply a
statement of compliance or test report on the basis of these non-specific inspections or tests.
680d337bc39d/iso-4990-2015

6.2 Specific inspection

6.2.1 Documents

Inspection documents shall be agreed upon at the time of the enquiry and order and shall be in
accordance with ISO 10474.
If one of the documents for specific inspection and testing from ISO 10474 is ordered, the inspections
and tests are to be carried out in accordance with 6.2.2, 6.2.3, and Annex A.
The inspection document shall contain the results of the chemical analysis and mechanical tests,
including the results of any other tests required by the specification and by the purchaser. It shall
include a statement that castings were manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the
specification.
The inspection document shall be signed by an authorised agent of the manufacturer.
Electronic data interchange (EDI): the manufacturer’s certification printed from or used in electronic
form shall be regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility
provided that it conforms to any existing agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
The inspection document shall provide the required traceability to the castings.

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ISO 4990:2015(E)


6.2.2 Sampling, preparation of test pieces, and mechanical and chemical test methods and
requirements

6.2.2.1 Test blocks

The test blocks may be cast separately, attached to the castings or cast integrally on the castings. When
more than one ladle is used, the test block shall be cast integrally. They shall be produced from the
same cast (heat) of steel and shall be heat treated in the production furnaces to the same procedure as
the casting(s) they represent.
Unless otherwise specified, the test block shall be 28 mm minimum and the test pieces used for the
mechanical tests shall be taken from test blocks with their axes at least 7 mm from the surface. See
B.6.1.2 and B.6.1.3.
The test results represent the material from which the castings have been poured. They do not
necessarily represent the properties of the castings. These can be affected by solidification conditions
and the rate of cooling during heat treatment, which are in turn influenced by casting thickness, size,
and shape.

6.2.2.2 Mechanical tests

6.2.2.2.1 Tensile tests at room temperature

One tensile test shall be carried out per test lot (see 6.2.3.1). The shape, dimensions, and method shall
comply with ISO 6892-1. The test results shall comply with the specification for the grade of material
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
ordered.
(standards.iteh.ai)
6.2.2.2.2 Impact test
ISO 4990:2015
When the test is specified, https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c4eb9523-7273-4eda-aae7-
it shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 148-1. Three Charpy test pieces
with V-notches shall be prepared. The test 680d337bc39d/iso-4990-2015
temperature shall be as shown in the material specification.
The average value of absorbed energy from the three test pieces shall not be less than the value indicated
in the material specification for the grade specified. Only one of the three values may be below but not
less than 70 % of the minimum specified value.

6.2.2.3 Retests

6.2.2.3.1 Test results not in compliance with the specification are not valid when due to any one of the
following conditions:

— defective assembly of the test piece or abnormal functioning of the test machine;
— defective manufacture of the test pieces;
— break in the tensile-test piece outside the reference marks;
— anomalies shown in the test piece.
In all cases, a new test piece shall be taken from the same test block or from another test block belonging
to the same test lot and the results obtained can be substituted for those corresponding to the defective
piece.

6.2.2.3.2 Except as provided, when the results of the test do not comply with the requirements of the
material standard, the manufacturer shall, unless otherwise agreed upon at the time of enquiry and
order, adopt one of the procedures specified below.

a) Repeat the test which failed on two additional test pieces. If any of the two new test pieces do not
give the specification requirements, the manufacturer may follow the procedure specified in c).

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 ISO 4990:2015(E)


b) In the case of impact tests, if the average value obtained from the three tests does not reach the
minimum specified value or if one of the individual values does not reach the specified minimum
(i.e. 70 % of the minimum specified value), the manufacturer may test three additional test pieces.
The additional test pieces shall be selected from the same test block or from another block from
the same heat and heat treated test lot to represent the castings in question. The results from these
additional tests shall be added to the results previously obtained and the average recalculated. If
this new average satisfies the average value specified, the material represented may be considered
to satisfy the requirements of the material standard. Where the new average value does not satisfy
the specified requirements, or any one of the new values is less than 70 % of the minimum specified
value, the manufacturer may then follow the procedure specified in c).
c) Submit the castings and test blocks to a new heat treatment within the limits of the material
standard and then carry out all the tests required in the material standard on the test blocks. In any
case, the castings and test bars shall not be submitted to more than two additional heat treatments
(excluding tempering) without the approval of the purchaser.

6.2.2.4 Chemical composition

The chemical composition determined from the cast (heat) sample shall meet the requirements of
the specification of the grade selected. When more than one ladle is used to pour a single casting, an
analysis of each ladle is required and the analysis of each ladle shall meet the requirements of the
specification of the selected grade.
Samples for chemical analysis shall be obtained and prepared in accordance with ISO 14284. When
chips are taken, they shall be removed at least 6 mm below the cast surface when the cast wall section
is greater than 15 mm.iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
In case of a dispute, an analysis(standards.iteh.ai)
may be carried out, subject to the agreement of the purchaser and
manufacturer. This analysis is made on samples used for cast (heat) analysis or on test blocks or test
pieces from the cast (heat): in these casesISO the 4990:2015
permissible deviations in Table 1 apply.
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ISO 4990:2015(E)


Table 1 — Permissible deviations above the maximum or below the minimum limits of the
chemical requirements of the applicable product specification for the results of product
analysis
Specified Permissible Specified Permissible
composition range deviation composition range deviation
Element Element
mass fraction mass fraction mass fraction mass fraction
% % % m/m
Carbon ≤0,03 +0,005 Nickel ≤1,00 ±0,07
>0,03 ≤ 0,08 ±0,01 >1,00 ≤ 2,00 ±0,10
>0,08 ≤ 0,30 ±0,02 >2,00 ≤ 5,00 ±0,15
>0,30 ≤ 0,60 ±0,03 >5,00 ≤ 10,00 ±0,20
>0,60 ≤ 1,20 ±0,05 >10,00 ≤ 20,00 ±0,25
>1,20 ≤ 2,00 ±0,06 >20,00 ≤ 30,00 ±0,30
>2,00 ±0,08 >30,00 ±0,50
Silicon ≤2,00 ±0,10 Niobium ≤1,00 ±0,05
>2,00 ±0,20 >1,00 ±0,10
Manganese ≤0,70 ±0,06 Vanadium ≤0,30 ±0,03
>0,70 ≤ 2,00 ±0,10 >0,30 ≤ 1,00 ±0,07
>2,00 ≤ 10,00 ±0,25 Copper ≤2,00 ±0,10
>10,00iTeh STANDARD
±0,40 PREVIEW
>2,00 ≤ 5,00 ±0,20
Sulfur and ≤0,045 ±0,005 Nitrogen ≤0,30 ±0,02
(standards.iteh.ai)
Tungsten ≤1,00 ±0,05
Phosphorous >0,045 ≤ 0,060 ±0,010 ISO 4990:2015 >1,00 ≤ 3,00 ±0,10
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>3,00 ≤ 6,00 ±0,15
680d337bc39d/iso-4990-2015
≤2,00 ±0,10
Chromium
>2,00 ≤ 10,00 ±0,20
>10,00 ≤ 15,00 ±0,30
>15,00 ≤ 20,00 ±0,40
>20,00 ±0,50
Cobalt ≤1,00 ±0,07
>1,00 ≤ 2,00 ±0,10
>2,00 ≤ 5,00 ±0,15
Molybdenum ≤1,00 ±0,07 >5,00 ≤ 10,00 ±0,20
>1,00 ≤ 2,00 ±0,10 >10,00 ≤ 20,00 ±0,25
>2,00 ≤ 5,00 ±0,15 >20,00 ≤ 30,00 ±0,30
>5,00 ≤ 10,00 ±0,20 >30,00 ±0,50
>10,00 ≤ 20,00 ±0,25 Titanium ≤1,00 ±0,05
>20,00 ≤ 30,00 ±0,30 >1,00 ≤ 3,00 ±0,07
>30,00 ±0,50 >3,00 ±0,10

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 ISO 4990:2015(E)


6.2.3 Inspection and testing of castings and requirements for surface appearance and
dimensions

6.2.3.1 Formation of test lots

The method of forming test lots shall be stated in the order. The size of the test lot may be defined in
terms of mass or number of castings; e.g. it may be carried out as follows:
a) by batch: the products may come from different heats of the same grade and/or from different
heat treatments having the same cycles, which may or may not be identified. In this case, the
batch is limited to a number of castings or to a tonnage fixed between the parties concerned and
constituting the unit of acceptance;
b) by heat: the products are of the same type. They come from the same heat and have undergone the
same heat treatment in the same furnace;
c) by piece: for certain products where made necessary by technical requirements;
d) by supplementary agreement.

6.2.3.2 Non-destructive tests

Examination of the accessible surfaces of the casting shall be carried out visually (see B.9.5).
Unless otherwise specified at the time of the enquiry and order, the castings shall be delivered in the
unmachined condition, trimmed, with heads and gates removed. Accessible surfaces shall be free from
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
adhering sand and heat treatment scale.
(standards.iteh.ai)
The castings may be subjected to certain non-destructive testing (liquid penetrant, magnetic particle,
radiography, ultrasonic testing; see B.9.1 to B.9.4).
ISO 4990:2015
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6.2.3.3 Shapes, dimensions, and680d337bc39d/iso-4990-2015
dimensional tolerances

The shapes and dimensions of the casting shall comply with the requirements of the order, whether in
the form of drawing, pattern, or template. Unless specified by the purchaser, the location of the datum
points for dimensional inspection and machining shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer.
In case of dispute, verification of the dimensions shall be carried out on castings in the as-delivered
state.

7 Marking
By agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer, each casting shall be marked. Unless specified
by the purchaser, the locations of the markings shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer. The
marks may include the following:
a) symbol of the manufacturer;
b) test lot identification;
c) grade designation (name or number) of the cast;
d) other marks requested by the purchaser.
These marks shall be located at a place agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer.
By agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer, small castings may be batched and the
identifying marks applied to a label attached to each batch.

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