Unit -£ Matrices Defwition : A Set & mn numbers, pool and Complex arranged an the form oF oO rectangule array , having ordoodt Set oh =M AowS Rie Colm Ge w called an men mara Con a moter. ea aU ete - Ain Ant As aon Gm am) ~~ mn the. matrix called by pa (aii) fe L2nnm ) g G =| oye Fock mn’ quandidies Ay 1 ters Genn Aue Bae, qi pee op Matin . ; Deforminants and Moshe ‘1 , ; A determinant Wak equal number Oh AM eg an GouN where a4 O matin bred be vectongula i number OWS ned nek be equal to tha number op Cournrs A petri 087 SQuane. joc tangulort ary of quandi tees A determinant b essentially a single rrataine, eee 8 System ot numbers valuc, . number! whore as OX Ve Baty (Ooi) ont Spectal, types ‘tf atateed’ 2+ Square Hate |= Plate which has the Sanelfumber Boy & \catled a Cause necteire, numerceal : Of Root & Columns 5 (ae > ki diesAn omen ee Oe in 1D ea Square a * B ie ae) Me eS Lis dod Hiadhiuad any ge dee Az Bie eae a So SUNG 1] Bg howuiagl bl) ib A Eile aug 4 sho (OR zen! LV APOY py A Wado | SO brandy) sg Vis fede #=)) 2: VB esr ls us ates ian A Ottis 5) dey 2854 i hanasp eu ca 42) prenens ve duds Sct oe | al Meee gl Cod kn poet a Sil iota ye 2 j ; ny Den (vanes {9G 1 barroy AQ SIDA 54 oA irs: oot Jobo iN motesH ae a the elomants, Tf. % 40 Noes Bn Whi i Called oct an B ; oY sr Pie: 7) lon ane yan ys OO ‘a © OO) ) ond — Pri OMEO: E rcDiagenal malate: i eae yh patein , wiih tall 2 tin. the teleAy 2 gral Matecx. pete so oe to Zoro > exeept svi Bea oe eeec: Ay A Oe b 1 JO f Qo, MD ep? Lae \ ; yor iX Ono Dane. Only Tote Be Ee b [% Vig 8 EX 1 o) | ) f ) > 5 of Power triangulen Z i 0155 FRM. Wein) i 44 6 OCA Fe a Var ips a Sole ee er é Ye Boa wols fama ‘A Hi cer ? Bee Ole .A= cand B=biy \satd to be Two motaices fey addition (63) |Subtaactan . Con toy ma bie Ea BR hos te fame No -op coral Uy ianwaehaens Columns A- ; She. AGS ON el 3 i 4 et S at ‘) E -3 Mulkplicaton oh Mobsicas» / erg Be Apr 16 ckso Peel ted the no «ch «Columns in A equal to Hoo number of Bows in B. thon the product obs Inorb aces AB ‘ dotined } Pee e|2 PEP pia die cae uber aS hie bee gpg te 2404p tho-y pose nop Columns of B os Broach to (Ue number Of x0 of A. BA does ey not orig . - Envesse of mecleix rdiere cb ge ane ef ThA i any phen Squase bio, Halal Rage oe Pai], whee 1 heres sn Aumont I) RO tro bofacor Ob At} ellie hintaanHeo adjoint. of A Thyese oh & mahix? TE A be ant matin, Hon o mcchein B, andivdanoted 94 045 4s wiak int exists such Mat (ag- saat kk called, fnyese of A whore LT % tho unt mater. ‘| A non- Square matain Cann bs Wcioee Inverse, Tho! 7 ele = 3) othe. (el 48 x p= [oy] | Brians | thee ae tS “1(s-c-y) 4[- 1 ay Ce fale 4 tL) +2(3-2))° ast -%) : PP ES 8)no he (341) 402 4) TG eee mee iby bag igs je E ~ Si At ea Lae oe 1 2 adj n= [rij] PW id PEA ; Shika) aah ae co Fig if akipe wily | dea ah ee Visi BA A fenisty iA Sialpy! | rb eae AV Frtonlinashs. iy a9vl edi (% Bar ee ! Ae VAL Sy aa ‘ \ } .@d 138 ld df “| \ I a Des 31 (3 4841 (1-8) '\ a Fae ge Lal ete 5)) yal = ali:a A ee a ae 30495) ea Gc 2 ay= {ris | 2 (g0-3d=0 (Bae Ay =o {ol |: Ei(E2/42) -0© ee 2 yas yl?) £323)" | Se ie Boom =e Ohm oa A (-ERB)F | a eo ne offs (ep As |. repsjyeo st <5 Ror Moe eae al ks (is-is)=3 4 sisi 6 = Ae Aa goin ° l | Oy eae = |2 ° il Sp ! oO 6 { 2 ey el | E: = 9 fia-io 41 (30425) eis 4 a + 1(30~ 30) ae = 3(2) +1(-5)41 C0) 26 Baa PonUE ; re 7 ale mae | ape Ney el ay) ee O28 | ~\ ie?) eal RS Sel = ah tes 4 | 3 Nee UF ‘ om 4 {nat 2 -t\= Mi Oa g. AS $2), and Bh 4 Papen aN fe ' t P | elation | (aay! Bie) 9A 7 f | ie get a adj A= (5 | eKie 4 Me al if 2 ris sj. 16-1, 2) safe “3\bas=4 aie (es 3 | | pe inv ah ! Oe Bie oe aSpg. | 3 alle -3" stl ae eee b4+2 ~flaty "+5 vie agpz=|e i i ai ; ae 3 Do losis a +8 | M (as)'e we AB = es han, ie APS eae fe Pe elec meeFind tho raonle of the la 4 matsicos +—rate epieth) eB ae Per) cee ; —_ Job WS Ceratelent 203) Lin le = 2% - \i 4 Hence tA) =2. anne Bi } 2 eae 8 onl Noe ttA) =|) oR 37 Lae jo¥ ap ey Gt fal. 4p7) gS A rte BT NE ira) ate 3 eI Sat Z +3 Go -4) TE dieu) = 202) x 900) Pail = 2:£o Y Lon Litven matrix odor ww eys® Hence RtA) 42 LEA (Mormticenlah' Gl ene ° i i aig 820) | Bee ae Ca LB, 2}Q 12 -l as ory Fo Oo pn JN om aNeR {g23)43(%-0) =) (-a) as) +34) = =—Q-1OF12 © 0) bis é My e- ioe g 16 flare * [nt , \ | = to ers (pls 8) (4-bo) ‘eroread +! (ga) Hie. © a) Siciomea> — O72y a Chasactaisive Avcts af * Character’ ste Vectors Etgen valiws | & Efgon vectsy 8 :- Chararc tou’ s He equection : OC Nia ce A Ay | Cra- pp Aah]. 4 aio. : it oA TL, of ivectey| wae breuns formed z | A, i muttiola ob He soma vecter | wy x us banged igo don, then 1A = A te, Re =p i Axn-arxso! | | } ‘ wy || VW g ~~ 4 is ie Ova) (bo: % | 0 aay gan o 8 4 Xp | ee eA ok ) ade Cy AAG Sry oa F Ain Xn [O ’ \ ‘ 2h Xn =O Os) HC Aoy~ AGES HO Ofer ate Ona agian Moye 0. ALA ; Fs re ee,This! System ob equation, will Rave oy non-trivial solution Hf Ja-aArleo c fo -A%) 4 Ata sey Bin . ie, ? 3 (2-9) - | Gn] —5 } any \ ana! «fan she equation lA-aml=o i Said to, the choracteri ste * | equation o tao treuns psrmaté on (x) tho charac teiskte equotion of the motrin A: Eigen Values *. | j the Values .o%\r Fob from a equation la-arl=o Cag oA Valucs oF A. Efgen Ve ctv * ry eh © RS L a the non> eo vectey “Cea 9) iw Catto eigen vec elas YOR | 4 ae Ja-r~tlx=© "d bo we oe My 1. Find Fe. eigen vateies § and eee, S ob He Paes f be U's Pt eae lice ‘i 1 |e aaa ; AS. pa Wo ice? oe { 2) Po 72 cgi 5 } iy or D2 | istthe charackrish& equatton Op A ta-arl|=0 . (2-ohficasnss sie aii{ og,C@:0)*° 4 (2- tes 4914 Deas oe ee | ‘e 7 ey [er np Djt ER A)\ee ‘ —-at) a9) | 2 -yrae—jeo not . DO eeeele ls 3, 4 Bre ea oe (ad) [F-2-32A3)=9 hasa+9 Ae gs (n-) -30A- Dj=zo ie 5 Ca) Cr- 3) (a-N= o> ee! bs) © Ob: eo; (a= =s0. (a~3=0_ . pings BAS 2h) Ap2 50 a) 1 ene 2) olI : Figen Volucs a2 1,2,3. 1% To get the eigen vecters Soho |CA-az)|x=0 ho yee, St 27 ¥oO it UA FOr Re. eo ° 2) 0) =a) Oat Rae: - [) 0) O @hOes | 4 20 (a=) eRe(ase ctl) AHR Cag) my +%3 =O > %B ES © pe Walls oy 2) ae} fod =e 1 © of I, j Case cli) At3 Ee Gy te EF HX 20 en. ceo oe t 2 e y © 1] |) J \ feat IO RL OO} Ey | l ates) ee \% = ; 4 tes COE covvesPondeng b AHH : I {9 5 eflgpieg omer ‘ |>| WOE os eg a en Xs Z b. We 6, (aU wag } 1960811 SETA popid’ 29> , P 7 cae >) ey Lea, £o ae “ak eo Phe Beate (2—r) lyfe ve Ah }To find eter vector S .- ; a (a -AT) x=0 2h Le H) OtbADeeat of 22 |=? ° o 87 Hy ! D2 WA -Q.. 1, O | (% S Bee Be |e ° ° pe x S$ cohen 12 2, X) = Oly % HO Y iA a hon Zo vector, swe take ony vecters iN x, vale 2 x va :) Re tog eso cores to aq ° ° Lag 3. Find the Sum and Product op all eigen veluey Ch te attic! a= her gig } Nia DEES ’ ih 2 ey, Solution : | ~ . Sum ob Wo Bap values = Te Az 142432 Product Ch agen ovatuos,= 1A] i ‘ al nite y) -1(8-8) 41 (8- 2) ie ee =1fa) 10) 10) ~AY 8 = a liga A. oF Pro eigon velios awed a Sage vectsy ob e Gifren Ae}t } kat The chacboxshiey equation oF A Wale 271 XO ak! 24 1 Via! 4 if | = (9) aa Oe. 1-” el 0 ae0 4-> IA - al ah Carpi) * 8 =o ge P pA ERAT r, f- srzkh =o @e is? mae D2. Nie To find etgon vectsy§ += [Je i A) tee ~ax,t (4-2)% =O =O [A ~Ar) ¥2 0 > yl ay) Bi? jTo find ofgen vectrss Oem a (p-azt)x=0 feat (he) 1 FES = © (aA) %x =0 ; chsclun 1 oi v Pach Poet = Rp Mao Heeses ae Q% =O a =O vector Corespondina Sel: emai ae 2 fy ee => SA Ste rae * gegiteo OX 2 TOSca Howetlin Thesvem:— Bes Square matainr Eatistics ts own Charactoistic equator’ - Jlob-p be. an NYA mole te Az (aij) n-t lek [CAA THO AHA A es ed On =P be Ho. Characterigt'c:i eoulatron of A. thon we Pave a A+ Aap onT= 2 Cor t i= th A mA non — Singular we get from the . Ont = DOs A Var. = aanzn ?- malty by AO . py rl — a an A = 2% A = OWA Fe. - On} By Fees pie on LSE ep sa On eric, Qn BY pti : 4 this | oho OF the matiod ene, to _invese® a Mp ND ak 1G eh desi ue f * plaster ety Cait, Blane Hn Here fori) = (5 3) 7 it) Pay a and hence find Pe hvone? | an ey 4 nr= (2 hs C Pina 2] j oe P ; “a tho. Uhasacteniste equation Of A |e Re (Sum dicrgonel elonmonts) A+ 1A] 5 = 0 ~pot, VAS | lo ya fAltes (ter 2 of onl pe rr MA ae A eos ch ewan te Po 4A +3250 LHATBLS f > > A-kA 2s i @ an hin Ag 110 ’ ‘ aif 4 0 3 pala 8 4/2 Om oR S \-s a ° | Sagal). One SON 0.0 A gatishes the Characterist< equation : Ate ras aT Bip Pe mantel by A! erAls-A CY = pals hee Ae BIA ese hevo inact i“ the choractaiste equatten of AY fcr gen A+tel L=0 A (sum 4 ano, deageno) cclehen's) lok Aa] 3 i ri oe ai tees ' ak the characteristic ejuaiten Yipee Bali ore before yee] .[" * i ; [' ou J al & o+ 4 3 so) gk " SA Tao sel pk Ast =o 7] |: Jali }E I wie o WI at 1 °| ay a 3 ALTA Ad ABs ie ne ie {4 i ver . ms Sats tho, Bente! “ehuaitton | an . Anat so NS o'r Le ey St ean Fh WAAR . © mu tkip Ly ‘Y a! Tee ty Ie poo 2 |Poh nye A rN re : 1 A! ne | ; ie ate of A Se Be yor Aa ceOe pan eee Rani Hen eee gd 4, it . 4] Also asl tho thosyom leh | | A 8 aie b Solution : » athe characte ste equatim }C0- ar) )=0 Fiat Pasa " i wees 428) af at 529)+!3) 3 Jey fee” Pe) ag = aly - 3 (8 a] 3( 9 rat as - Prshsal) asl - af so 10-QA $2 “i 1s H9r 95428) a ee wre wo Bay) BO) Ke Ne Dial) Oeep kes hee ase ae ot gear i =) loth, ¢ APE P, Fey BAIS 6435-355 24840 O-} D0] > heiy aulou Hancttm thesvrem To wenigy Cate Hance Hresvor) Ae Be = —A 4+69-L=0 Le Jp Via) ie) 23) 2 Sonal. ie Se | ae Oa ~4] Hl to 25° 25 13-29 «(U7 ube 1s 35 -aS Eig om On tO. ONO gs ss —St1+5-) —I340+410-0 [0-p-l0-0 Mme es oee asl leataeny 213_ > 4is-0' 29416 43.550 Naa ° > Onl ©, oo syeiae Oye) - 4 . , Hon the thesvem| i vesitred . eRe % tind A | L 3 Ae ee , W-pPyse =e | Multiply by 6! : gel eae) ss Pipe RipktgS Oh Deets Ve ee Re Anil mabe OR TAR pupae > onan se kaw Pisa el ome Usce 2 19 § © nn | 4 3 ‘ ef) fo eon Baran OP Sho eh Gomeleule fee aot Ogee ab GB a) sail! oc, oye ‘ h 2). -me Oy. BS 4D | O-ato. De o+5 et tee 12.3t0 bale> | ates cA TS. -2 ate. i) ies See: . ; a pring ae Conf “tamaten’ these and find tnverse Mada (e a fot 2 -2 Be (og Ans: | { al ace aa 4 ase 6 af easy opt 4 swillerers | Ay S| ls ee! Ans a ao : me ae) 1) eee) &]) pan uM rier lea oo! : ) Pl the bade equation op the marbtine Gidw of eee 2) ands fonce craliate ard tnd A a3 moi oa i Di be > Somes Zs‘ y. Find Ho chuoberstc equation ce ee er am