ee ——— poy fee eee enna — a ——— ee. (a [a __ In this unit, students will learn The measure of a central angle of a minor arc of a circle, is double that of the angle subtended by the corresponding major arc. Any two angles in the same segment of a circle are equal. The angle ina semi-circle is a right angle, in a segment greater than a semi circle is less than a right angle, w in a segment less than a semi-circle is greater than a right angle. The opposite angles of any quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are supplementary. wet tyeSS" 12.1@The measure of a central angle of a minor arc of a circle, is double that of the angle subtended by the corresponding major arc. Given: AC is an arc of a circle with centre 0. Whereas Z AQCis the central angle and 2 ABCis circum angle. Toprove: mm ZAOC = 2m ZABC Construction: Join B with O and produce it jp to meet the circle at D. Write angles 21, 22, 23, 24 25 and 26 as shown in the figure. + Proof: Statements Reasons As mZl=mZ3 @ Angles opposite to equal sides in AOAB 4 Gi)__| Angles opposite to equal sides in AOBC Now mZ5=mZ1+mZ3 (iii) | External angle is the sum of internal Similarly mZ26 = mZ2+mZ4 (iv) ‘opposite angles. Again mZS=mZ34+mZ3=2mZ3 (wv) _| Using (i) and (ii) and mZ6=mZ4+mZ4=2mZ4 (vi) _| Using (i) and Gv) Then from figure = mL5-4+mL6=2mZ3.+2mZ4 Adding (v) and (vi) = mZAOC=2(mZ3+mZ4) = 2m ZABC CESNNIED The radius of a circle is «J2 cm. A chord 2 cm in length divides the circle into two segments, Prove that the angle of larger segment is 45° c Given: In a circle with centre O and radius m OA = m OB =»/2 cm, The length of chord AB = 2 em divides the circle into two segments with ACB as larger one.To prove: mZACB=45° Construction: Join O with A and O with B. Proof: Statements In AOAB (0a)? + (0B) = (2)? + (2)? 23H =@)= (AB) . AAOBis right angled triangle With m ZAOB = 90° Reasons em Which being a central angle standing on an arc AB Then mZACB => mZAOB By theorem 1 (90%) = 45° Circum angle is half of the central angle. Sr 12.1(4) Any two angles in the same segment of a circle are equal. Given: Z ACB and 2 ADB are the circum angles in the same segment of a circle with centre O. N To prove: m ZACB=m ZADB Construction: Join O with A and O with B. So that ZAOB is the central angle. 4 'B Proof: Statements Reasons Standing on the same arc AB of a circle. ZAOB is the central angle whereas Construction ZACB and ZADB ate circum angles Given mZAOB = 2mZACB (| By theorem 1 (i)_| By theorem 1 Using (i) and (i)|S ES 12.1 (ii) The angle © ina semi-circle is a right angle, © ima segment greater than a semi circle is less than a right angle, © ina segment less than a semi-circle is greater than a right angle. Fig. I Fig. IT Fig. OL Given: ABis the chord corresponding to an are ADB Whereas 2 AOB is a central angle and 2 ACB is a circum angle of a circle with centre O. ‘To prove: In fig (1) If sector ACB is a semi circle then mZACB = 1Zrt Infig (I) _ If sector ACB is greater than a semi circle then mZACB < 1Zrt Infig (II) _ If sector ACB is less than a semi circle then mZACB > 1Zrt Proof: Statements Reasons In each figure, AB is the chord of a circle with centre O. | Given Z AOB is the central angle standing on an arc ADB. ‘Whereas ZACB is the circum angle Given Such that mZAOB = 2mZACB @ By theorem I Now in fig (l)_mZAOB = 180° A straight angle | mZAOB = 221 i) => mZACB=12rt Using (i) and (ii) Infig() —— mZAOB < 180° & mZAOB< 22mZACB <\Zrt ‘Using (i) and (iii) Infig (M1) mZAOB> 180° c mZAOB > 22 ww) = 2mZACB> 2Lrt Using () and (iv) = mZACB > 1Zrt | Corollary 1. ‘The angles subtended by an are at the circumference of a circle are equal Corollary 2. The angles in the same segment of a circle are congruent. =Ex=='=> 12.1 (iv) The opposite angles of any quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are supplementary. D A a B Given: ABCD is a quadcilateral inscribed in a circle with centre O. [mZA +mZC=2 Zris To prov mZB +mZD =2 Zris Construction: Draw OA and OC. Write 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 as shown in the figure,Proof: ‘Statements Reasons Standing on the same atc ADC, 22 is a central | Arc ADC of the circle with centre O. angle ‘Whereas 2B is the circum angle 1 | mZB=5(m £2) @ By theorem 1 Standing on the same arc ABC, 24 is a Are ABC of the circle with central angle whereas Dis the circum angle | centre 0. 2 mZD=h(mZ4) Gi) | By theorem 1 => mZB+mZI fm2o+hmZs Adding (i) and (ii) =5(m22.+ m2) =5 Total ental angle) ie, mZB+mZD $6 Ly =22n Similarly mZA + mZC=22rt Corollary 1. In equal circles or in the same circle if two minor ares are equal then angles inscribed by their corresponding major arcs are also equal Corollary 2. In equal circles or in the same circle, two equal arcs subtend equal angles at the circumference and vice versa ‘Two equal circles intersect in A and B. Through B, a straight line is drawn to ‘meet the circumferences at P and Q respectively. Prove that mAP = mAQ. A AN Py 2 qq WY A Given: Two equal circles cut each other at points A and B. A straight line PBQ drawn through B meets the circles at P and Q respectively. : MAP =mAQ Construction: Join the points A and B. Also draw AP and AO. Write 21 and 22 as shown in the figure. Topi‘Statements ‘Reasons ‘Ares about the common chord AB. mACB = mADB 5 mZl=mZ2 Corresponding angles made by opposite arcs. So mAQ=mAP Sides opposite to equal angles in A APQ. or mAB=mAQ. (GLEE 4200 iis a quadrilateral circumscribed about a circle Show that miB-+ mCD = mBC + mDA Given: ABCD is a quadrilateral circumscribed about a circle with centre O. So that each side becomes tangent to the circle. ‘To prove: mAB-+ mD = mBC + mDA Construction: Drawn OE LAB, OF LBC OG1CD and OHLDA Proof: ‘Statements Reasons :. mAE=mHA ; mEB=mBF Since tangents drawn from a a point to the circle are mCG = mFC and mGD = mDH aqpellimtgih (KE + mEB) + (mCG + mGD) = (mBF + mFC) + (mDH + mHA) | Adding G) & (ii) or mAB + mCD = mBC + mDA 1, Prove that in a given cyclic quadrilateral, sum of opposite angles is two right angles. and conversely. 2, Show that parallelogram inscribed in a circle will be a rectangle, AOB and COD are two intersecting chords of a circle, Show that A’ AOD and BOC are equiangular, 4, XD, and BC are two parallel chords of a circle, Prove that arc AB = are CD and arc AC are BD.@ w ii) MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE 12 Multiple Choice Questions Four possible answers are given for the following questions. Tick (V) the correct answer. A circle passes through the vertices of a right angled AABC with mAC = 3em and mBC = 4.cm, mZC = 90°. Radius of the circle is: (@ 15cm (6) 2.0cm (© 25cm @ 35cm In the adjacent circular figure, central and inscribed angles stand on the same arc AB. Then Cc A\ rN B (a) mZ1=mZ2 (b) mZ1 = 2mZ2 () mZ2=3mZ1 (@) mZ2=2mZ1 In the adjacent figure if m3 = 75°, then find m1 and m22. aon Paso (a) 373 , 373 (b) 373 75 © 18,37 @ 18,79&) wi) (vii) (iti) Given that Q is the centre of the circle, The angle marked x will be: {c) 50° (d) 75° Given that 0 is the centre of the circle the angle marked y will be: —& @ 1% (b) 25° 50° @ 1 @ 2% 6) 2% = In the figure, 0 is the centre of the circle and ABW is a straight line. ‘The obtuse angle AOC = xis: ee (@) 32° (b) 64° © 96 128° In the figure, 0 is the centre of the circle, then the angle x is: @) (@ 55° () 110° © 20° @ 125° In the figure, 0 is the centre of the circle then angle xis: @ ay fe) (a) 15° (b) 30°@ vovvY vv In the figure, O is the centre of the circle then the angle x is: (a 15° () 30° 45° @ 6 In the figure, O is the centre of the circle then the angle x is: (a) 50° ) @ 125° The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is called is central angle. A central angle is subtended by two radii with the vertex at the centre of the citcle The angle subtended by an ate of a circle at its circumference is called a circumangle. ‘A cireumangle is subtended between any two chords of a circle, having common point on its circumference. A quadrilateral is called cyclic when a circle can be drawn through its four vertices. The measure of a central angle of a minor are of a circle, is double that of the angle subtended by the corresponding major arc, Any two angles in the same segment of a circle are equal. The angle * ina semi-circle is a right angle, ‘* ina segment greater than a semi-circle is less than a right angle, ‘+ ima segment less than a semi-circle is greater than a right angle. ‘The opposite angles of any quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are supplementary.