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5.3 Salt

1. The document discusses displacement reactions and how more reactive metals can displace less reactive ones from salts. It provides examples like iron displacing copper from copper sulfate. 2. It then discusses how the thermite reaction uses aluminum displacing iron from iron oxide in an exothermic reaction producing molten iron. 3. The document also discusses how carbon can displace some metals from their ores and how this was used to produce iron. 4. It discusses what salts are and how they are formed from acids reacting with metals or metal oxides to produce the salt and hydrogen or water. Examples of common salts and acids are provided.

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Daniel Cannywood
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136 views31 pages

5.3 Salt

1. The document discusses displacement reactions and how more reactive metals can displace less reactive ones from salts. It provides examples like iron displacing copper from copper sulfate. 2. It then discusses how the thermite reaction uses aluminum displacing iron from iron oxide in an exothermic reaction producing molten iron. 3. The document also discusses how carbon can displace some metals from their ores and how this was used to produce iron. 4. It discusses what salts are and how they are formed from acids reacting with metals or metal oxides to produce the salt and hydrogen or water. Examples of common salts and acids are provided.

Uploaded by

Daniel Cannywood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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the most reactive metals at the top and

the least reactive at the bottom


A more reactive metal can replace a less reactive one in a
salt.

Iron can displace the copper in the copper sulfate.


CuSO4 + Fe → FeSO4 + Cu

Copper cannot displace the iron in the iron sulfate.


FeSO4 + Cu → no reaction
Using displacement reactions in industry

-Aluminium is more reactive than iron.


-Aluminium will displace iron from solid iron oxide if it
is heated.
Δ
aluminium + iron oxide aluminium oxide + iron

-releases a lot of energy.


-an exothermic reaction.

- The temperature → so high that the iron that is


produced is molten (in a liquid state).
The iron oxide and aluminium powder react in a
container placed on the rails.

The molten iron produced in the reaction is


shaped and used to join the rails together.

This reaction is called the thermite reaction.


Displacement using carbon
- Carbon is not a metal, but it can be used to displace some
metals from their compounds.

- Carbon will displace zinc, iron, tin and lead from their ores.

-An ore is a rock that contains a metal compound.

- They discovered that iron ore heated with charcoal (a form of


carbon) at very high temperatures produced molten iron.
5.3 Salts [Pg.172]
What is a salt?
Many salts have important uses in everyday life.
e.g in your food, as flavouring.

e.g. sodium chloride,


copper sulfate,
silver nitrate ,
calcium carbonate
Acids and salts
- methods for making → salts start with acids

- All acids → contain hydrogen

- three common acids → HCl,H2SO4,HNO3

- Two other acids → carbonic acid and citric acid

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)→ a weak acid


[ carbon dioxide + water]
[Salts made from carbonic acid →carbonates]

Citric acid → found in fruits [oranges and lemons]


[Salts formed using citric acid → citrates]
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
base + acid → salt + water
sodium oxide + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + water

copper oxide + sulphuric acid → copper sulphate + water

potassium oxide + nitric acid → potassium nitrate + water


Hazard warning labels
Questions
1. Think about what you have already learnt about acids.
a. What are the properties of acids?

b Name some everyday products that contain acids.

2. Which elements are present in nitric acid?

3 .Which elements are present in sulfuric acid? How many


atoms of each element make up one particle of sulfuric acid?
4.
a. What is similar about the formula for hydrochloric acid and
that of sodium chloride?

b. What is different about these two formulae?


1. a. sour taste , hazardous, corrosive, pH <7 [Pg.173]

b. battery acid = sulfuric acid


vinegar = acetic acid
yogurt = lactic acid
apple = malic acid
citrus fruits = citric acid
grapes = tartaric acid
Gooseberries = ascorbic acid
2. Oxygen atoms, nitrogen atom, and hydrogen atom
are present in nitric acid .

3. Oxygen atoms, sulfur atom, and hydrogen atom


are present in sulfuric acid .
It contains two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom,
and four oxygen atoms.

4. Similarly, NaCl & HCl


- They are both soluble in water.
- They also both consist of same non-metal; Chlorine.
- They both consist of only two elements.
5. HCl is an acid.
-The pure state of HCl is liquid however is could be
found in the form of gas.
- It cannot conduct heat and electricity.

NaCl is a salt .
-It is solid.
- It can conduct heat and electricity due to its ionic
bonding.
5 . The illustration below shows a label on a jar of
orange preserve.

The illustration below shows a label on a jar of orange preserve.


ALLERGY ADVICE: NO NUTS.

SUITABLE FOR VEGETARIANS.

INGREDIENTS: SUGAR, ORANGES, WATER, CONCENTRATED LEMON JUICE, SODIUM


CITRATE, CITRIC ACID, BITTER ORANGE OIL. PREPARED WITH 30 g OF FRUIT PER 100 g

a . Which ingredient is a salt?


b. Do some research to find out why this ingredient is added to
some kinds of food.
Sodium citrate is primarily used as a food additive,
usually for flavor or as a preservative.
Making salts using a metal and an acid [Pg. 174]
metals + dilute acids → salt + hydrogen

The word and symbol equations for the reaction


between zinc and hydrochloric acid are:

zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen


Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Questions
6 . Which of the compounds in the above equation is a
salt? Zinc chloride

7. Which acid would you add to the metal to make the salt
magnesium sulfate? Sulfuric acid

8. Write the word equation for the reaction between iron and
hydrochloric acid.
Iron + hydrochloric acid→ iron chloride + hydrogen

9. Why would it be dangerous to prepare sodium chloride by


reacting sodium with hydrochloric acid?
9.
-Since, sodium is a highly reactive metal, thus it
reacts with hydrochloric acid vigorously and
produces large amount of heat.
- Thus the reaction between hydrochloric acid
and sodium is highly explosive.
Homework
1. Which acid would you add to the metal to make the salt
aluminium nitrate?

2. Which acid would you add to the metal to make the salt
copper sulphate?

3 .Write the word equation for the reaction between zinc and
nitric acid.

4. Write the word equation for the reaction between potassium


and sulphuric acid .
Questions [Pg.175]
1. Write the word equation for this reaction.
2.What are the important practical points You will need: to
consider when you evaporate this solution?
3. Which do you think is the better way to produce large
crystals – heating the evaporating dish until there is very
little liquid left or leaving it to evaporate slowly?
4 .How could you investigate which is the best way to produce
large crystals?
1. zinc + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + hydrogen

2. The solution may spit when heated, which


could cause burns.

3. Leaving it to cool and evaporate slowly from


the supersaturated solution of ZnSO4 is the
better way to form larger and smoother
crystals with a definite structure.
A seed crystal can also be suspended in the
solution to initiate crystallization.
4. Crystals that grow more slowly, tend to be
larger. Mostly for crystals grown by slow
cooling of the solvent: it sometimes improves
the quality and size of the crystals if the
solution is slowly warmed up until almost all
crystals are dissolved again and then cooled
down a second time very slowly.
Making salts using a metal oxide [Pg.176]
Some metals will not react with acids to make salts.

e.g. silver and copper are too unreactive to displace


hydrogen from an acid.
Another way of making salts from unreactive metals.
- by starting with a metal oxide.

metal oxide + acid → salt + water

copper oxide + sulfuric acid → copper sulfate + water


CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
SECTION A (15 ×1 = 15 marks)
Questions 1 to 15 carry 1 mark each. For each
question, three options are given.
Choose the correct one.

SECTION B (3 ×5 = 15 marks)
Questions 16 to 20 carry 3 marks each.

SECTION C (5 ×4 = 20 marks)
Questions 21 to 24 carry 5 marks each.

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