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    Organisation of Cells (2.1.2) CIE IGCSE Biology Revision Notes 2023 Save My Exams

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    Organisation of Cells (2.1.2) CIE IGCSE Biology Revision Notes 2023 Save My Exams

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    Organisation of Cells (2.1.2) CIE IGCSE Biology Revision Notes 2023 Save My Exams

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    CIE IGCSE Biology


    Revision Notes

    IGCSE Biology CIE Revision Notes 2. Organisation of the Organism


    2.1 Cell Structure & Size of Specimens 2.1.2 Organisation of Cells

    2.1.2 Organisation of Cells


    Download PDF Test Yourself

    06:19

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    Producing New Cells


    The cells in your body need to be able to divide to help your
    body grow and repair itself
    Cells grow and divide over and over again
    New cells are produced by the division of existing cells

    Specialised Cells

    Specialised cells in animals


    Specialised cells are those which have developed certain characteristics in order
    to perform particular functions. These di"erences are controlled by genes in the
    nucleus
    Cells specialise by undergoing di"erentiation: this is a process by which cells
    develop the structure and characteristics needed to be able to carry out their
    functions

    Specialised Cells in Animals Table

    Diagrams of specialised cells in animals:

    Ciliated cell

    Nerve cell

    Red blood cells

    Sperm cell

    Egg cell

    Examples of specialised cells in plants:

    Diagrams of specialised cells in plants:

    Root hair cell

    Xylem structure
    Feedback

    Palisade mesophyll cell

    03:59

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    Levels of Organisation in an Organism

    - →シー
    A B E

    CELLULARLEVEL: TISSUELEVEL: ORGANLEVEL: ORGANSYSTEMLEVEL: ORGANISMLEVEL:


    HEARTMUSCLECELL HEARTMUSCLETISSUE HEART CIRCULATORYSYSTEM DEER

    Ssavemyexams

    Levels of organisation

    ORGANSYSTEM ORGANS TISSUEEXAMPLES

    SHOOTSYSTEM LEAF,STEM, -EPIDERMISMESOPHYLL


    FLOWER,FRUIT -XYLEM
    -PHLOEM

    ROOTSYSTEM ROOT,TUBER -XYLEM

    -PHLOEM

    -GROUNDTISSUE

    DIGESTIVESYSTEM OESOPHAGUS, -MUSCLE


    STOMACH, -CONNECTIVE
    SMALLINTESTINE, -NERVE
    LARGEINTESTINE
    -EPITHELIAL

    CIRCULATORYSYSTEM HEART,VEINS, -MUSCLE


    ARTERIES -CONNECTIVE
    -NERVE

    -EPITHELIAL

    IMMUNESYSTEM THYMUS,SPLEEN -BONEMARROW

    RESPIRATORYSYSTEM TRACHEA, -CONNECTIVE


    BRONCHI, -MUSCLE
    LUNGS
    -EPITHELIAL

    EXCRETORYSYSTEM LIVER, -MUSCLE


    KIDNEY -CONNECTIVE
    SKIN, -EPITHELIAL
    LUNGS
    -NERVE

    NERVOUSSYSTEM BRAIN,SPINALCORD -NERVE

    REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM OVARY,CERVIX, -MUSCLE


    UTERUS,VAGINA, -CONNECTIVE
    TESTES,PENIS -NERVOUS
    -ERECTILE

    Your syllabus states that you should be able to identify the di"erent levels of
    organisation in drawings, diagrams and images of familiar material
    An example of this is shown in the exam question below:

    Typical levels of organisation question

    Exam Tip
    Most incorrect answers here come from not being able to identify a tissue, so it’s
    worth making sure you understand and remember that tissues are always made up of
    only one type of cell.

    Test yourself Next topic

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    1. Characteristics & Classification of Living Organisms

    2. Organisation of the Organism

    2.1 Cell Structure & Size of Specimens

    2.1.1 Cell Structure

    2.1.2 Organisation of Cells

    2.1.3 Magnification Formula

    2.1.4 Converting Between Units: Extended

    3. Movement into & out of Cells

    4. Biological Molecules

    5. Enzymes

    6. Plant Nutrition

    7. Human Nutrition

    8. Transport in Plants

    9. Transport in Animals

    10. Diseases & Immunity

    11. Gas Exchange in Humans

    12. Respiration

    13. Excretion in Humans

    14. Coordination & Response

    15. Drugs

    16. Reproduction

    17. Inheritance

    18. Variation & Selection

    19. Organisms & Their Environment

    20. Human Influences on Ecosystems

    21. Biotechnology & Genetic Modification

    Author: Lára
    Lára graduated from Oxford University in Biological Sciences and has
    now been a science tutor working in the UK for several years. Lára has a
    particular interest in the area of infectious disease and epidemiology,
    and enjoys creating original educational materials that develop
    confidence and facilitate learning.

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