Secondary Course

Learner’s Guide: Data Entry Operations (229)

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BASICS OF COMPUTER

COMPUTER: Computer is an devices, output devices and

electronic device which takes raw data peripheral devices.
(input) from the user and processes INPUT DEVICES: Keyboard,
through set of instructions (called Mouse, Light Pen, Optical Mark
program) and gives the result (output). Reader, Optical Character reader,
Microphone, Track Ball.
 Computer can process both
numerical and non-numerical
(arithmetic and logical) calculations.
 Computer was invented by Charles
Babbage.
 The brain of computer is called
Central Processing Unit (CPU).
 Central Processing unit has 3 major
parts: Memory Unit, Control Unit
and Arithmetic Logic Unit.
OUTPUT DEVICES: Monitor
(CRT, LCD and LED), Printer (Laser
Control Unit printer, Ink-Jet Printer, Dot Matrix
and Line printer), Plotter (Flat Bed
and Drum) and Speakers.
Arithmetic Logic Unit

Memory Unit

MAJOR PARTS OF A
COMPUTER: CPU, Key Board, Mouse, ARITHMATIC LOGIC UNIT:
Monitor and Continuous power supply ALU performs all arithmetic
Unit. operation (addition, subtraction,
 The external devices for computers multiplication, division etc.) and
are classified into 3 categories: Input Logical operation (comparison,
greater than, less than etc.).

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 Secondary Course
Learner’s Guide: Data Entry Operations (229)

CONTROL UNIT (CU): It is COMPILER: It converts the high level

programs into machine code. It scans
referred as control unit. CU performs
all the entire program at a time.
Major operations like input, output
and processing. Programming languages like C, C++
MEMORY: It is classified into 2 & Java uses compilers.
categories. Primary memory and INTERPRETER: Interpreter also
Secondary memory. converts the high level program to
 Primary memory consists of RAM machine level language. It interprets
and ROM. Secondary memory the program line by line. Interpreter
includes devices like hard disk, CD, takes less amount of time to analyse
DVD, pen drive, Zip drive etc. the source code. Programming
SOFTWARE: It is referred as set of languages like Python, JavaScript
programs. Software can be broadly uses interpreters.
classified as: System software and ASSEMBLER: Assembler is quite
Application software. similar to compiler. It converts
 System software is mainly of two assembly language to machine code.
types: Operating systems and
Utilities Difference
 Application Software are General High Level Low Level
 Programmer-  Machine-friendly
packages and customized packages
friendly language
language  Non-portable
LANGUAGES: The computer  Portable  Difficult to
language is used to write programs  Easy to understand
or any specific applications. Broadly understand  Difficult to
the computer language can be  Easy to debug debug
classified into 3 categories: assembly
language, machine language and CHECK YOURSELF
high-level language.
1. Identify various parts and write the
 Machine language or machine code names in the blank boxes
consists of binary code. It is directly
understood by the computer.
 Both machine and assembly
language are hardware specific.

 A high level language is a

programming language that uses
English & mathematical symbols
as instruction.
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Learner’s Guide: Data Entry Operations (229)

2. Identify the followings ACRONYMS

CPU: Central Processing Unit

MOUSE: Manually Operated User

Selection Equipment

VDU: Visual Display Unit

LED: Light Emitting Diode

3. What is a software? Choose the right LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
option.
A. ANY part of the computer that CRT: Cathode Ray Tube
has a physical structure
UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply
B. Clothing designed to be worn by
computer users. RAM: Random Access Memory
C. Flexible parts of a computer
D. Instructions that tell the ROM: Read Only Memory
hardware what to do
4. Which is not an output device?
A. Key board
B. Monitor
ANSWERS
C. Printer
D. Plotter
5. Which among the following uses Check Yourself
compiler?
A. C++ 3. D
B. MS-Word 4. A
C. Adobe
D. Paint 5. A

STRETCH YOURSELF Stretch Yourself

1. Write about Input and Output

1. Briefly explain about various parts of
devices
computer.
2. Write the difference between high
level language and low level
language.
3. What is the different type of software?
4. Explain the role of control unit in
CPU.
5. What is the use of assembler?