Force systems

Resultant of Concurrent Forces

Sample Problem #2
Determine the x and y components of
each of the forces shown.
Force systems
Solution :
Resultant of Concurrent Forces 1) for Force A: 𝜃 = 35°

𝐴𝑥 = −𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = −150 cos 35° = −𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟕𝟑 𝑵

Sample Problem #2
Determine the x and y components of 𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 150𝑠𝑖𝑛 35° = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟑𝟔 𝑵
each of the forces shown.
2) for Force B: 𝜃 = 30° + 40° = 70°
𝑩𝒚
B 𝐵𝑥 = 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 120 cos 70° = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟐 𝑵
𝑨𝒚 𝑪𝒚 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 120 𝑠𝑖𝑛 70° = 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟔𝟑 𝑵

A C 3) for Force C: 𝜃 = 40°

𝑩𝒙 𝐶𝑥 = 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 80 cos 40° = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟒 𝑵

𝑨𝒙 𝑪𝒙
𝐶𝑦 = 𝐶𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 80𝑠𝑖𝑛 40° = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟒𝟐𝟑 𝑵
Force systems
Resultant of Concurrent Forces
RESULTANT OF SEVERAL CONCURRENT
FORCES

We thus conclude that the scalar

components Rx and Ry of the resultant R of
several forces acting on a particle are
obtained by adding algebraically the
corresponding scalar components of the
given forces.
Force systems
Resultant of Concurrent Forces
Sample Problem #3
Four forces act on bolt A as shown. Determine the
resultant of the forces on the bolt.
 Solution :
Force systems 1) for Force F1: 𝜃 = 30°
𝐹1 𝑥 = 𝐹1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 150 cos 30° = 𝟕𝟓 𝟑 𝑵 = 𝟏𝟐𝟗. 𝟗𝟎𝟒 𝑵
Resultant of Concurrent Forces 𝐹1 𝑦 = 𝐹1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 150 sin 30° = 𝟕𝟓 𝑵

2) for Force F2: 𝜃 = 90° − 20° = 70°

Sample Problem #3 𝐹2 𝑥 = −𝐹2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = −80 cos 70° = −𝟐𝟕. 𝟑𝟔𝟐 𝑵
Four forces act on bolt A as shown. Determine the 𝐹2 𝑦 = 𝐹2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 80 sin 70° = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝑵
resultant of the forces on the bolt. 3) for Force F3: 𝜃 = 90°
𝐹3 𝑥 = 𝐹3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 110 cos 90° = 𝟎 𝑵
𝑭𝟐𝒚 𝐹3 𝑦 = 𝐹3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = −110 sin 90° = −𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝑵
𝑭𝟏 𝒚
4) for Force F4: 𝜃 = 15°
𝐹4 𝑥 = 𝐹4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 100 cos 15° = 𝟗𝟔. 𝟓𝟗𝟑 𝑵
𝐹4 𝑦 = −𝐹4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = −100 sin 15° = −𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟐 𝑵
𝑅 = 199.647 𝑁
𝑭𝟏 𝒙 θ = 4.105° Solve for Resultant, R:
𝑭𝟐 𝒙
𝑅𝑥 = ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 129.904 + (−27.362) + 0 + 96.593 = 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝑵
𝑭𝟒 𝒙
𝑅𝑦 = ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 75 + 75.175 + −110 + −25.882 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟗𝟑 𝑵
𝑭𝟒 𝒚
Magnitude for R:
𝑅2 = 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2
𝑅= 199.135 2 + 14.293 2 = 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟔𝟒𝟕 𝑵

Note1: Direction of forces should be with respect

to the same axis. 𝑅𝑦 14.293
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝟓° at Q-1 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑅𝑥 199.135 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
Note 2: Be mindful with your sign convention.
Chapter 2 Force systems
2.2 Resultant of Concurrent Forces
Sample Problem #4
Knowing that the tension in cable BC is 725 N, determine
the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B of
beam AB.
Chapter 2 Force systems
2.2 Resultant of Concurrent Forces Solution :

Sample Problem #4 Solve for Resultant, R:

Knowing that the tension in cable BC is 725 N, determine
the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B of
3 12 840
beam AB. 𝑅𝑥 = ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = −500 + 780 − 725 = −𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑵
5 13 1160

4 5 800
𝑅𝑦 = ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = −500 − 780 + 725 = −𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵
5 13 1160

Magnitude for R:
𝑭𝟑
𝑅 2 = 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2
𝑅= −105 2 + −200 2 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟕 𝑵

θ = 62.30°
𝑭𝟐 Direction and Location of
𝑅 = 225.887 𝑁
R: 𝑅𝑦 −200 a𝑡 𝑄 − 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟑𝟎°
𝑅𝑥 −105 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝑭𝟏
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Sample Problem 1:
Determine the resultant R of the three tension forces acting on the eye bolt.
Find the magnitude of R and the angle X which R makes with the positive x-
axis.
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Sol’n. (Parallelogram Method)
By cosine law:
20 R’ R' 2 = 8 2 + 20 2 − 2 (8 )(20 )cos 75 o
y R' = 19.524 kN
30 R’  20 By sine law:
75
 - 45 sin  sin 75 o
8 20
=
R'
105
x Therefore:  = 81 .684 o

45 R' = 19.524 kN 36.684 o

8
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Sol’n. (Parallelogram Method)
By cosine law:
y
R 2 = 4 2 + 19.524 2 − 2 (4 )(19.524 )cos 53.316 o
R = 17.432 kN
53.316
 - 90 By cosine law:
36.684 19.524 2 = 4 2 + R 2 − 2 (4 )(R )cos 
x
 = 116.082 o
4 Therefore:
R = 17.432 kN 26.082 o


4 53.316
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Sol’n. (Component Method)
Force Magnitude, kN X Component, kN Y Component, kN
20 cos30
F1 20 + 10 + 17.3205
F2 4 0 -4
F3 8 + 5.6568 - 5.6568
20 sin30 Rx = + 15.6568 Ry = + 7.664

8 sin45 7.664

8 cos45 
15.6568
From the triangle shown, we have
R = 15.6568 2 + 7.664 2 = 17.432 kN
 7.664 
 = tan −1   = 26.08 o
 15.6568 
Therefore:
R = 17.432 kN 26.08 o
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Alternate Solution #1: Use the angle that the force F makes with the
positive x-axis measured counter clockwise
R X = 20 cos 60 o + 4 cos 270 o + 8 cos 315 o = 15.6568
RY = 20 sin 60 o + 4 sin 270 o + 8 sin 315 o = 7.664
Advantage
270 There’s no need for you to draw rectangles just to identify the sense of the components. All you need to do is find the
60 angle that the force makes with the positive x-axis measured counter clockwise.
7.664

315 
15.6568
R = 15.6568 2 + 7.664 2 = 17.432 kN
 7.664 
 = tan −1   = 26.08 o
 15.6568 
Therefore:
R = 17.432 kN 26.08 o
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Alternate Solution #2: CalTech using Pol( and Rec(
Pol( - converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates
Rec( - converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates
Note: Specify the angle unit before
performing calculations. The calculation
result of r and  and for x and y are
each assigned respectively to variables
X and Y.
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Step 1: Press Display:

Step 2: Press Display:

270
60 Step 3: Press
Display: A? ----- type 20 , then press “=“
B? ----- type 60 , then press “=“
Reminder.
Do not press “AC”
Step 4: For the other forces, just press CALC and repeat Step 3.
315
For F2 : For F3 :

Force Magnitude, kN X Component, kN Y Component, kN

F1 20 + 10 + 17.3205

F2 4 0 -4
F3 8 + 5.6568 - 5.6568
Rx = + 15.6568 Ry = + 7.664
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
Alternate Solution #3: CalTech using Mode COMPLEX
To perform complex number calculations, first press to enter the CMPLX
Mode. You can use either rectangular coordinates (a+bi) or polar coordinates (r) to input
complex numbers.
Step 1 : Input : 20 60 + 4 270 + 8 315
Step 2 : Press Display: Rx = + 15.6568
Step 3 : Press SHIFT 2 Ry = + 7.664
270
60 Display:

Step 4 : Press 3
Step 5 : Press
315

Magnitude
Direction
 STATICS OF A PARTICLE
DEFINITION OF EQUILIBRIUM:
When the resultant of all the forces
Recall: R = F =0

acting on a particle is zero, the

particle is in equilibrium.
Rx = F x =0

Ry = F =0
R =0 y

y
A particle which is acted upon by two forces 50 N
will be in equilibrium if the two forces have the
40
same magnitude and the same line of action but x
opposite sense. The resultant of the two forces 40
is then zero. 50 N
Chapter 2 Force systems
2.3 Equilibrium of a Particles in a Plane
The Free-Body Diagram

To apply the equation of equilibrium, we must

account for all the known and unknown forces
(ΣF =0) which act on the particle. The best way to
do this is to think of the particle as isolated and
“free” from its surroundings. A drawing that
shows the particle with all the forces that act on
it is called a free-body diagram (FBD).

Draw Outlined Shape.

Show All Forces.
Identify Each Force.
Chapter 2 Force systems
2.3 Equilibrium of a Particles in a Plane
Procedure for Analysis for equilibrium problems

Free-Body Diagram.
1. Establish the x, y axes in any suitable orientation.
2. Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and directions on the
diagram.
3. The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can be assumed.
Equations of Equilibrium.
1. Apply the equations of equilibrium,
2. For convenience, arrows can be written alongside each equation to
3. define the positive directions.
4. Components are positive if they are directed along a positive axis and
negative if they are directed along a negative axis.
5. Since the magnitude of a force is always a positive quantity, then if the
solution for a force yields a negative result, this indicates that its sense is the
reverse of that shown on the free-body diagram.
Chapter 2 Force systems
2.3 Equilibrium of a Particles in a Plane Solution :
෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝟎 𝐴𝐶𝑥 + 𝐵𝐶𝑥 + 0 = 0
𝐴𝐶𝑥 = −𝐴𝐶 cos 40
Sample Problem #1 𝐵𝐶𝑥 = 𝐵𝐶 cos 20
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as −𝑨𝑪𝑐𝑜𝑠 40 + 𝑩𝑪𝑐𝑜𝑠20 = 0 Eq 1
shown. Knowing that α= 20°, determine the tension (a) in ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝟎 𝐴𝐶𝑦 + 𝐵𝐶𝑦 + (−1962) = 0
cable AC, (b) in cable BC. 𝐴𝐶𝑦 = 𝐴𝐶 sin 40
𝐵𝐶𝑦 = 𝐵𝐶 sin 20
𝑨𝑪𝑠𝑖𝑛 40 + 𝑩𝑪𝑠𝑖𝑛20 = 1962 Eq 2

𝑨𝑪cos 40
Substitution of Eq 2 to 1: 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞. 1 ∶ 𝐁𝐂 =
cos20
𝑚 𝑨𝑪cos 40
𝐶 = 200𝑘𝑔 (9.81 ) 𝑨𝑪𝑠𝑖𝑛 40 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛20 = 1962
𝑠 cos20
𝑪 = 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟐 𝑵 cos 40
𝑨𝑪 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛20 = 1962
cos20
1962
𝑨𝑪 =
cos 40
𝑨𝑪 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40 + cos20 𝑠𝑖𝑛20
𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟗𝟓 𝑵 − 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

2128.895 cos 40
𝐁𝐂 =
cos20
𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟓. 𝟒𝟗𝟏 𝑵 − 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑪
Chapter 2 Force systems
2.3 Equilibrium of a Particles in a Plane Solution :
෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝟎 𝐴𝐶𝑥 + 𝐵𝐶𝑥 + 0 = 0
𝐴𝐶𝑥 = −𝐴𝐶 cos 85°
Sample Problem #2 𝐵𝐶𝑥 = 𝐵𝐶 cos 20°
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as −𝑨𝑪 cos 85° + 𝑩𝑪 cos 20° = 0 Eq 1
shown. Knowing that α= 20°, determine the tension (a) in ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝟎 𝐴𝐶𝑦 + 𝐵𝐶𝑦 + (−1200) = 0
cable AC, (b) in cable BC. 𝐴𝐶𝑦 = 𝐴𝐶 sin 85°
𝐵𝐶𝑦 = −𝐵𝐶 sin 20
𝑨𝑪 𝑠𝑖𝑛 85° − 𝑩𝑪 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20° = 1200 Eq 2
𝐵𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
Substitution of Eq 1 to 2: 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞. 1 ∶ 𝐴𝐶 =
cos 85°
𝐵𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
sin 85° − 𝐵𝐶 sin 20° = 1200
cos 85°
α
𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
𝐵𝐶 sin 85° − sin 20° = 1200
cos 85°
1200
𝐵𝐶 =
𝑨𝑪 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
sin 85° − sin 20°
cos 85°
𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟎 𝒍𝒃 (𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)

115.394 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
𝑩𝑪 𝐴𝐶 =
cos 85°
𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟒. 𝟐𝟎𝟑 𝒍𝒃 (𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)
𝑪