Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Smart Vacuum Cleaner Using Arduino & Bluetooth

GURANSH GURPREET SINGH
UDAYBIR SINGH GILL
Computer Science & Computer Science &
Computer Science &
Engineering Chandigarh Engineering Chandigarh
Engineering Chandigarh
University University
University
Mohali, India Mohali, India
Mohali, India

LUCKY VERMA ER. DISHA SHARMA

Computer Science & Computer Science &
Engineering Chandigarh Engineering Chandigarh
University University
Mohali, India Mohali, India

Abstract:- Modern household appliances are becoming Keywords: LM293D, DC Motor, Servo Motor, Bluetooth
increasingly automated and intelligent. In addition to Model, Mobile Phone, Android Applications.
being convenient, home automation gives users extra free
time. I. INTRODUCTION

Although domestic robots are becoming more Time management is regarded as one of the most crucial
commonplace in households and daily life, comparatively aspects of modern living. One major domestic work that is
young and undeveloped market. Nonetheless, expansion is sometimes seen as a challenging and tedious task is floor
anticipated, and the use of household robots is changing. cleaning. Instead of having home members complete the
This work has the potential to significantly improve duty, cleaners are typically hired to accomplish it. Because of
humankind's way of life. Our objective is to create an the difficulty this repetitive task caused, a vacuum cleaner
automated vacuum cleaner that will greatly simplify and that might help humans with similar tasks had to be
make household chores more convenient. It runs developed. An electromechanical device called a vacuum
automatically in both manual and automatic mode, in cleaner is frequently used to clean carpets, rugs, floors, and
addition to other capabilities like time-specific scheduling furniture using suction. The appliance's electric motor rotates
and a dirt container featuring an automated dirt disposal a fan, creating a semi vacuum that forces residue evacuated
system. The main objective of this research is to automate compartment. This pushes any dust or debris close to bag that
a labor-intensive operation because cleaning requires a lot is either fixed to the outside of the machine or inside. The
of labor and patience from numerous individuals, and it need to lower the workforce has prompted the creation of
may be hazardous to one's health. It also takes a lot of automatic control systems, which allow machinery to run
time to clean. The robot's adaptability, efficiency, and unattended. Every facet of automatic vacuum cleaner
time savings make it a suitable option for floor cleaning. operations is covered by modern integrated automated
Ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, motor shields, and DC systems. One of the most significant responsibilities of each
motors are used in automatic vacuum cleaners. It and every person is to keep the environment around them
includes vacuuming a floor all by itself in a single pass. clean. More workers will be required the larger the area that
Our vacuum cleaner’s ultrasonic sensor allows it to needs to be cleaned. Certain locations may be so unclean that
identify obstacles and choose the best course for cleaning them has a negative influence on one's health. The
thoroughly cleaning the floor. presence of dust in the environment can cause allergies,
watery eyes, colds, coughs, rashes, and other health problems
The robot was designed to make the task easier, and in humans. You can use a vacuum cleaner around the house
it can clean streets, offices, flats, cellars, and even homes. to clean carpets, cars, floors, and other surfaces. Colleges can
the person standing far away from the cleaning area and make effective use of it because there is ample room there.
observing the robot. Included in this design are DC Because social separation needs to be kept in the current
motors, servo motor brushes, a mobile phone, an COVID scenario, more people are unable to clean together.
Arduino, Bluetooth for wireless communication, a Humanity is growing more and more reliant on digital
bathtub, a scrub brush, an LED light, a battery, and a technology currently of rapid advancements in the field.
water pump. There is never enough time because the bulk of people are
working. The vacuum cleaner may be moved in the desired
direction and the time required for the same can be avoided

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
because the Arduino can be programmed to cover specified versions could not offer the personalization and flexibility
areas, making it possible for the automobile to carry it. An that house owners look for in a home automation system.
automatic vacuum cleaner is designed in this project. It is This research project is focused on the design and
made out of an RC car with a vacuum cleaner mounted to it. development of an Arduino Uno-based smart vacuum cleaner
If an obstruction is detected, an ultrasonic sensor mounted on with Bluetooth connectivity in order to overcome these
the front of the vehicle is used to measure the distance. The restrictions and to encourage a more economical, flexible,
car adjusts its trajectory in accordance with the code if, say, and user-centric approach to smart vacuum cleaners. The
there is an obstruction. In a time of lightning-fast main problem that this research project attempts to solve is
technological development, home automation has changed to the lack of an affordable, adaptable, and user-friendly smart
keep up with the ever-rising standards of contemporary vacuum cleaner. The following issues and difficulties with
living. Smart homes are now synonymous with efficiency current smart vacuum cleaners spurred the development of
and convenience because of their automated systems and this system:
network of connected devices. Robotic vacuum cleaners are
becoming more and more popular among the plethora of  Affordability: Many potential consumers are unable to
home automation applications since they make cleaning purchase the expensive smart vacuum cleaners that are
floors easier. These gadgets have evolved from simple currently on the market. The goal of this project is to offer
vacuum cleaners to sentient, self-governing robots that can a more affordable option without sacrificing functionality
communicate with humans and navigate. This study explores or performance.
the architecture and development of a new intelligent vacuum
cleaner that integrates a Bluetooth module and is built on the  Personalization: Current commercial versions might not
Arduino Uno microcontroller platform. The combination of allow users to alter the navigation, cleaning patterns, or
these technologies presents a chance to develop a flexible and other features to suit their own preferences. The goal of
intuitive cleaning solution that can be operated from a the project is to provide a platform that enables customers
distance using a smartphone or other smart device. This to customize the vacuum cleaner to fit their unique
research advances the rapidly developing field of home requirements and home design.
automation while also advancing the more general goal of
improving human-machine interaction and offering a  User Interaction: The control and monitoring interfaces of
concrete step toward more responsive and smarter home certain smart vacuum cleaners are not clear or easy to use.
appliances. Users can start, pause, and monitor the cleaning In order to improve user interaction, this project
process remotely thanks to real-time connection and control incorporates Bluetooth connectivity, allowing remote
enabled by the integration of an Arduino Uno microcontroller control through smartphones or tablets.
and a Bluetooth module. This study examines the system's
hardware and software components to clarify the operational  Obstacle Detection and Navigation: One of the main
and design tenets that support the functionality of the smart challenges is making sure the vacuum cleaner can
vacuum cleaner. The study also examines the technology's manoeuvre around objects and prevent collisions. In order
possible uses, advantages, and disadvantages as well as how to solve this issue, this concept integrates an ultrasonic
it may affect home automation and Internet of Things (IoT) sensor for real-time navigation and obstacle detection.
gadgets in the future. This research project is a response to
the growing need for smart home solutions. It shows how  Energy Efficiency: For a vacuum cleaner to function
Arduino-based robots can be used in real-world scenarios and autonomously, performance and energy consumption
emphasizes how this platform can be expanded and adjusted must be balanced. Two essential components of this
to meet a wide range of issues. The system architecture, project are sustainable battery utilization and effective
parts, and operating principles of the system will be power control.
thoroughly explained in the sections that follow, providing
readers with a thorough understanding of how an Arduino B. System Requirements:
Uno-based smart vacuum cleaner with Bluetooth A robotics project called Arduino L293D motor driver
connectivity can transform household cleaning and add to the shield guide involves controlling different kinds of motors.
growing trend of intelligent, networked homes. The three types of motors most frequently utilized in robotic
applications are DC, servo, and stepper. Nevertheless, these
A. Background and Problem Statement motors are often incapable of being directly driven by an
The domains of smart appliances and home automation Arduino or other microcontroller. These are also known as
have advanced significantly in the last few years, radically integrated circuits (ICs), isolate the power supply of a motor
altering how people use their living areas. The emergence of and use microcontroller circuitry for control logic. The fully
robotic vacuum cleaners is noteworthy in this regard, as they operational L293D motor driver shield can operate two
have progressed from simple floor-cleaning apparatuses to stepper motors, two servo motors, and up to four bi-
sophisticated, self-contained gadgets that can navigate, directional DC motors with 8bit speed setting. One may
communicate with their surroundings, and adjust to their combine up to four DC motors (two stepper, two servo, and
circumstances. Even though the market for robotic vacuum one bi-directional with an 8-bit speed setting) with directly
cleaners has grown, many of these appliances are still drive able by Arduino or other microcontrollers.
somewhat pricey, which prevents a larger audience from
using them. Furthermore, some commercially available

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Bluetooth Module: Bluetooth module allow devices with
serial ports to send data with one another. Its six pins,
including Key/EN, are used to set the Bluetooth module to
AT command mode. The module functions in command
mode while the Key/EN pin is in the high condition. If not,
the default mode is data mode. In command mode
(38400bps) and data mode (9600bps), the HC-05's default
baud rates are set.

There are two ways that the HC-05 module can work:
data mode, which enables data interchange between devices.
Command mode: AT commands are utilised to modify the
HC05's configurations. The USART port, or module serial
port, is used to transmit these commands.
Fig 2 Li-ion Battery
 VCC: Connect this pin to either 3.3 V or 5 V.
 Arduino UNO: The Arduino Uno microcontroller is the
 GND: The ground pin of the module. central nervous system and brain of the smart vacuum
cleaner project. It is essential to the coordination of the
project's many operations and to the development of its
intelligence. This section will examine Arduino Uno's
individual contributions and its importance in the project.
With a large library of easily available software and
hardware resources, substantial community support, and
ease of use, the Arduino Uno is a highly popular and
flexible open-source microcontroller platform. It is the
perfect option for a project like the smart vacuum cleaner
because of these qualities. The Arduino Uno functions as
the vacuum cleaner's primary hub, facilitating
connections with its many hardware components. It
exchanges data and commands with sensors, motors, the
Bluetooth module, and other peripheral devices, allowing
Fig 1 Bluetooth Module the vacuum cleaner to maneuver, identify obstacles, and
take commands from users through a mobile application.
 Battery: There are several important factors to take into The responsive and seamless functioning of the smart
account when choosing a smart vacuum cleaner battery. vacuum cleaner is largely dependent on the real-time
Above all, the Arduino Uno microcontroller, the vacuum processing capabilities of the Arduino Uno. It gathers and
motor, and any other integrated components need to be analyses sensor data continually, making decisions about
powered by enough voltage and current from the battery. motor control and navigation in real-time. The vacuum
Furthermore, the vacuum cleaner's battery needs to be cleaner needs to be able to maneuver and clean itself,
small and light for it to continue being portable and which requires real-time control. The vacuum cleaner's
maneuverable. The smart vacuum cleaner's battery connectivity and user experience are improved by
capacity, which is commonly expressed in watt-hours Arduino Uno's inclusion of a Bluetooth module. Users are
(Wh) or milliampere-hours (mAh), dictates how long it able to remotely control and observe the cleaning process
can run between charges. The device's anticipated runtime thanks to the Arduino Uno, which also controls
between recharges should be taken into consideration communication between the vacuum cleaner and
while selecting the battery capacity. Longer operating smartphones or tablets. This feature increases the device's
times can be achieved with a larger capacity battery, but usability and convenience while opening up its use to a
the device's weight and size may also increase. On the larger range of users. Programmability is one of the main
other hand, a battery with a lower capacity might be more benefits of the Arduino Uno. Custom software code can
portable but might need to be recharged more frequently. be written by developers to modify the vacuum cleaner's
Energy density, charge-discharge characteristics, and behaviour to suit their needs. This adaptability makes it
safety are only a few of the variables that influence the possible to develop sophisticated navigation and obstacle
choice of battery chemistry. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and avoidance algorithms, as well as to update the firmware to
lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries are common battery gradually enhance the vacuum cleaner's functionality.
chemistries appropriate for this use. These chemical Due to the large selection of compatible shields and
compositions provide an excellent trade-off between modules that are available, the Arduino Uno platform is
weight, rechargeability, and energy storage, which makes naturally extendable. This enables the smart vacuum
them ideal for portable gadgets. cleaner to be upgraded with new features and
functionalities as technology advances. To improve the
functionality of the gadget, for example, sensors for voice
control, mapping, and environmental monitoring can be

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
readily integrated. In conclusion, the Arduino Uno returns to the sensor in the event of an obstruction or
microcontroller, which offers the processing capacity, item.
hardware interface, and adaptability required to develop
an intelligent and user-friendly cleaning solution, is at the One can determine the distance by using time and
centre of the smart vacuum cleaner project. It is a good speed. Ultrasonic Wavelengths Are Not Affected by Light,
option for a project that tries to close the gap between the Fumes, Dust.
world of home automation and the Internet of Things and
traditional home appliances because of its expandability,
real-time control, and versatility. The smart vacuum
cleaner is a prime example of how open-source,
microcontroller-based technology can revolutionize daily
life by using the Arduino Uno.

Ultrasonic Sensor (HSCR-04)

C. Objective of Research
The following are the goals of the study on the Arduino
Fig 3 Arduino UNO Uno based smart vacuum cleaner that has Bluetooth
connectivity:
 Ultrasonic Sensor: The Arduino Uno-based smart vacuum
cleaner project relies heavily on its ultrasonic sensor,  Design and Development: Using the Arduino Uno
which is essential to the device's ability to navigate, microcontroller platform, a smart vacuum cleaner
identify obstructions, and run on its own. We shall prototype is to be designed and developed. Multiple
examine the importance of the ultrasonic sensor and how components, including motors, sensors, and a Bluetooth
it improves the vacuum cleaner's performance in this part. module for communication and remote control, will be
Echolocation is the basis for how ultrasonic sensors work; integrated.
bats and dolphins use sound waves to navigate their
environment. These sensors monitor the amount of time it  Cost-Effectiveness: To make intelligent home cleaning
takes for ultrasonic pulses, or high-frequency sound available to a wider variety of people by developing a
waves, to bounce back after colliding with an item. The more affordable option to commercial smart vacuum
sensor determines the distance between itself and the item cleaners.
by examining the time delay. The vacuum cleaner's "eyes"
are its ultrasonic sensor, which is essential for identifying  Customizability: To enable adaptability to various
objects in its path. The sensor continuously pulses household surroundings and user preferences by giving
ultrasonically while the vacuum cleaner goes around a users the option to personalize the vacuum cleaner's
room, listening for echoes. It communicates with the cleaning patterns, navigation, and other functionalities.
Arduino Uno microcontroller by sending information
when it senses an object nearby. The vacuum cleaner may  User-Friendly Interface: By utilizing Bluetooth
decide on its course in real-time thanks to the data connectivity, a user-friendly interface may be
obtained from the ultrasonic sensor. The Arduino Uno can implemented that makes the vacuum cleaner more
change the vacuum cleaner's path to prevent collisions if accessible and intuitive by enabling users to monitor and
it detects an obstruction. This guarantees that the machine operate it with a smartphone or tablet.
can effectively clean the floor while navigating around
obstacles like walls and furniture on its own. The vacuum The aim of this project is to improve the vacuum
cleaner's intelligence is additionally enhanced by the cleaner's ability to identify obstacles and navigate by utilizing
ultrasonic sensor. Through constant environmental an ultrasonic sensor. This will allow the machine to operate
monitoring, the vacuum cleaner is able to modify its independently and prevent accidents.
cleaning pattern according to the configuration of the
room. For instance, it can change its behaviour when it  Energy Efficiency: To make sure the vacuum cleaner runs
comes across a congested area or give cleaning regions effectively and independently for long stretches of time
with more barriers priority. This module operates on a between charges, optimize power management and
straightforward principle. At 40 kHz, it emits an battery consumption.
ultrasonic pulse that passes through the atmosphere and

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Evaluation of Performance: To determine how well the II. LITERARURE REVIEW
Arduino Uno-based smart vacuum cleaner performs in a
real-world setting in terms of cleaning effectiveness, "The Door into Summer," written by American science
flexibility, user engagement, and obstacle avoidance. fiction author Robert A. Heinlein in 1956, introduced the idea
of a robotic hoover cleaner with a charging port. In essence,
 Comparative Analysis: To assess aspects like cost, it was only a better hoover cleaner. This happened Spending
customization, and user-friendliness by contrasting the the entire day in silence, searching for dirt and curved
designed smart vacuum cleaner with ones that are sold surfaces could not overlook anything. It would go to its
commercially. location at suppertime. halt and absorb a little energy boost."
A. Challenges in Smart Vacuum Cleaner
 Usability Assessment: To assess the user-centric design
and functionality, identify areas for improvement, and  Initial Cost: Smart vacuum cleaners can require a sizable
collect user input and usability testing. initial investment because they are typically more
expensive than conventional vacuum cleaners.
 Sustainability Considerations: To assess how the smart
vacuum cleaner would affect the environment over time,  Maintenance Fees: The continuous cost of ownership may
considering factors like waste reduction potential, increase due to the need for replacement parts and
longevity, and energy efficiency in comparison to accessories like filters and brushes.
conventional vacuums.
 Limited Cleaning Power: Because smart vacuums lack
 Documentation and Dissemination: To benefit the larger the power of full-sized traditional vacuums, they might
community of robots and home automation enthusiasts, not be appropriate for heavy-duty or deep cleaning
thorough documentation of the design, development, and activities.
assessment processes will be kept. The findings will be
shared through research papers and open-source  Small Dustbins: Their trash cans are often smaller and
resources. need to be emptied more frequently, particularly in
households with pets or busy areas.
By fulfilling these goals, the research team hopes to
solve the issues with current smart vacuum cleaners and offer  Limited Battery Life: Despite their ability to
a useful, affordable, and adaptable intelligent cleaning automatically recharge, they may only have a limited
solution for homes. The goal of this research is to show how amount of cleaning time on a single charge, necessitating
open-source technology may improve daily life and so make lengthier cleaning cycles for larger surfaces.
a significant contribution to the fields of robotics, home
automation, and the Internet of Things.  High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, which help
to enhance indoor air quality by trapping fine dust and
D. Objectives of the Research allergens, are a common component of smart vacuums.
The following are the goals of the study on the Arduino
Unobased smart vacuum cleaner that has Bluetooth  Automatic Recharging: Smart vacuums may
connectivity: automatically return to their docking station to recharge
when their batteries run low, ensuring that they are always
 Design and Development: Using the Arduino Uno prepared for the upcoming cleaning session.
microcontroller platform, a smart vacuum cleaner
prototype is to be designed and developed. Multiple  Dirt Detection: Some models contain dirt sensors that
components, including motors, sensors, and a Bluetooth may identify and concentrate cleaning efforts on areas
module for communication and remote control, will be with greater debris.
integrated.
They employ sensors to identify obstructions and
 Cost-Effectiveness: To make intelligent home cleaning prevent collisions with walls and furniture. Setting up a
available to a wider variety of people by developing a cleaning routine will allow the hoover to clean your house
more affordable option to commercial smart vacuum even while you're not home.
cleaners.
 Lack of Manual Precision: They might not be as efficient
 Customizability: To enable adaptability to various at tackling particular areas that call for manual attention
household surroundings and user preferences by giving or spot cleaning.
users the option to personalize the vacuum cleaner's
cleaning patterns, navigation, and other functionalities. To  Elevated Surfaces and Stairs: They are unable to
provide future recommendations and suggestions for independently climb stairs or change floors.
further enhancing the usability and effectiveness of the
proposed solution, ensuring its continued relevance in the
dynamic healthcare industry.

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Security and Privacy Issues: If data is handled improperly The vacuum cleaner has a CPU fan built into its design,
or you are uncomfortable with devices mapping your and a pipe is fastened to the bottle's mouth. The batteries
home, smart vacuums that use cameras and mapping may power the entire apparatus. Modern vacuum cleaners are
cause privacy issues. effective, but because they are heavy, they need a lot of labor
to operate properly.
 Limited Suction Power: Their suction power might not be
adequate for managing heavy trash or deep cleaning The older generations of hoover cleaners employed a
carpets. revolving brush to generate suction and gather dust, as
opposed to the later ones, which were more difficult to use
 Reliability and Durability: Different models of smart since they ran on a belt powered by a hand-cranked fan. In
hoover cleaners may have a different lifespan and the late 1990s and early 2000s, better sweepers with less
reliability, necessitating more frequent maintenance or suction force were produced.
replacement.
Robotic vacuum cleaners can be used in households,
 Learning Curve: For certain users, there may be a workplaces, hotels, and hospitals, depending on the design
learning curve since it may take some time to set up and goal. Nevertheless, the majority of inexpensive cleaners
become acquainted to the features and app controls. require an improved cleaning pattern algorithm to operate
efficiently, and the more expensive smart models are out of
 Lack of Human Touch: A smart hoover could not provide reach for most households. The vacuum cleaner was designed
you the same degree of enjoyment if you prefer to with these difficulties carefully in mind.
manually hoover or have particular cleaning preferences.
IV. CONCLUSION
 Despite these issues, smart vacuum cleaners can still be a
useful addition to many homes, especially for those The constructed smart vacuum cleaner follows logic to
looking for automated devices. navigate and is fully functional. It is used in order to more
effectively remove dry dust particles. Considering it is a
III. METHODOLOGY wireless device that can travel across a wide region.
Additionally, it decreases human interaction, which lowers
An automatic vacuum cleaner is designed in this the labour by humans. The robot can also be utilized to
project. It is made out of an servo motor with a vacuum enhance with the abilities to work with more efficiency.
cleaner attached to it. If an obstruction is detected, an
ultrasonic sensor mounted on the front of the vehicle is used ACKNOWLEDGMENT
to measure the distance. The car adjusts its trajectory in
accordance with the code if, say, there is an obstruction. Smart Vacuum Cleaner is a testament to the power of
technology in revolutionizing IoT. It addresses the challenges
A battery-operated CPU fan powers the vacuum cleaner. of human labour, cleanliness, and safety.
The cleaner has a pipe connected to a suction cup at the front.
There is room for the dust to gather in the cleaner. It needs to The future of cleaning is data-driven, automatic, and
be manually removed and cleaned after it has been filled. interconnected. Smart Vacuum Cleaner paves the way for this
future, transforming cleaning and contributing to the well-
The code uploaded to the Arduino determines which being of the consumers and the efficiency of cleaning it
way the wheels go. It takes more work to clean residences providers. It is a solution that empowers consumers and sets
and the surrounding area with the busy routine of today. new standards for cleaning.

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