Junior High School

Technology and Livelihood Education

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
Technology and Livelihood Education

Lesson 3:

Performing Mensuration and

Calculation (PMC)
Technology and Livelihood Education
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
Lesson 3 – Performing Mensuration and Calculation (PMC)

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors neither represent
nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: GILBERT T. SADSAD

Assistant Regional Director: JESSIE L. AMIN

Development Team of the Module

Authors: GRACE A. CAMANO - Teacher III (Buyo Integrated School)
Editor: AILEEN A. TABILOG - Assistant Principal (SMRDHS-Mabato Annex)
Reviewers: CHRISTINE L. ALVAREZ - Education Program Supervisor II
AMELIA B. CABRERA - Education Program Supervisor I
Layout: GRACE A. CAMANO - Teacher III (Buyo Integrated School)
 Introduction

Welcome to the world of Computer System Servicing, one of the exploratory course
offers in Technology and Livelihood Education.

It is a course designed for high school students like you to develop knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values in the performance of Computer System Servicing tasks

The focus of this module is Lesson 3 which is Performing Measurements and

Calculation. Lesson 3 is consists of three (3) Learning outcomes: Selecting Measuring
Instruments, Carrying out Measurements & Calculations, and Maintaining Measuring
Instruments.

This module contains the following:

Pre-Test Determines your prior learning about the learning competencies.

Vocabulary List Serves as a guide for you to understand the terms used in this module.

Learning Activities: Provides you with meaningful knowledge and skills that will help you to
engage with and develop your skills, knowledge, and understanding of
these competencies.

Practice Task 1: Contains the Trial Round Test.

Practice Task 2 Contains the Challenger Round Test.

Practice Task 3 Contains the Expert Round Test.

Assignment Offers additional activities to reinforce your learning.

Post Test Determines your learning after the lesson.

References List the sources of information.

Answer Key Provides the answer key in every practice task.

This module is designed to prepare you by providing hands-on activities that you can
enjoy to accomplish even at your home. The requirement is to master the competencies before
you can proceed to the next lesson.

Enjoy and have a fun and meaningful experience in taking this course!
 Learning Objectives:

After reading this information, you should be able to:

1. Identify objects/components to be measured.

2. Explain its functions and capabilities.

Vocabulary List:

Booting – starting (a computer) by loading an operating system from a disk.

Electronic storage - a device for recording (storing) information (data).

Firewire - Apple Computer's version of a standard, IEEE 1394, High Performance

Serial Bus, for connecting devices to your personal computer.

Hot-swappable - the connection and disconnection of peripherals or other

components without interrupting system operation.

Interface - the point of interaction or communication between a computer and any

other entity, such as a printer or human operator.

Laser - a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process of

optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons.

Magnetic platter - a thin, high precision disk that is coated on both sides with a high
precision magnetic material and which is used in a hard disk drive (HDD) to store data.

Memory module - a narrow printed circuit board that holds memory chips.

Magnetic storage media - any storage medium in which different patterns of

magnetization are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information

Operating system - a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources

and provide common services for application software.

Optical storage media - any storage in which data is written and read with a laser
for archival or backup purposes.
 Pre-test:

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Primary storage device is the name for all of the devices that can store data in a
computer system permanently.
2. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the stored information is lost when the
computer is powered off.
3. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system are
stored in RAM
4. SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive.
5. The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to hold and
process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance.

Learning Activities:

Components/Objects to be Measured

The components that can be measured in a computer

system are the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and storage
devices. The speed of the CPU tells how much data it can process
in a specific time. The speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
while Storage devices are any type of computer hardware that is
capable of storing, porting, and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store
information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a
computer.

Types of Storage Devices

1. Primary Storage Devices – (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the

computer’s working storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and
processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage. It is directly
accessible by the CPU and often much faster than secondary storage.

2. Secondary Storage Devices- (sometimes called backing storage, external

memory or auxiliary storage) is the name for all of the devices that can store data
in a computer system permanently. It is a non-volatile medium that holds data until
it is deleted or overwritten.
Primary Storage Devices:

Computer Memory

A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions.
Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data is to be processed
and instructions required for processing are stored.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) cannot process

data on an input device or disk directly; the data must first
be available in the memory.

If CPU had to constantly access the hard drive to

retrieve every piece of data it needs, it would operate very
slowly. When the information is kept in memory, the CPU can access it much more
quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store data temporarily.

The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes

from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data go into
random access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores pieces of data it will need
to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special instructions in the register.

Memory is also known as primary storage or internal storage. The size of

memory is measured by the number of bytes available for use. A kilobyte of memory
is equal to exactly 1, 024 bytes.

Types of Memory

1. Random Access Memory (RAM)

It is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by
the CPU. RAM is used to Read and Write data into it which is accessed by CPU
randomly. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the stored information is lost
when the computer is powered off.

The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to hold and
process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance.

The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can
process because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As
processor speed increases, memory speed must also increase.

The amount of RAM a computer requires often depends on the types of

applications you plan to use on the computer. A computer can only manipulate data
that is in memory. A computer needs a certain amount of memory to store programs,
data and information. The more RAM a computer has, the faster the computer will
respond.
 Two Basic Types of RAM

o SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory) – The data is stored using the state of
six transistor memory cell. Static RAM is mostly used as a cache memory for the
CPU. SRAM is said to be static because it doesn't need to be refreshed.

o DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory) – It is a type of RAM which allow

to stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within a specific integrated circuit.
The term dynamic indicates that the memory must be constantly refreshed or it will
lose its contents. DRAM is typically used for the main memory in computing
devices.

Common Types of DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory)

o Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (SDRAM), synchronizes” the

memory speed with CPU clock speed so that the memory controller knows the
exact clock cycle when the requested data will be ready. This allows the CPU to
perform more instructions at a given time. Typical SDRAM transfers data at speeds
up to 133 MHz.

o Rambus Dynamic Random-Access Memory (RDRAM), takes its name after the
company that made it, Rambus. It was popular in the early 2000s and was mainly
used for video game devices and graphics card, with transfer speeds up to 1 GHz.

o Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), is a type of synchronous memory that
nearly doubles the bandwidth of a single data rate (SDR) SDRAM running at the
same clock frequency by employing a method called “double pumping,” which
allows transfer of data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal
without any increase in clock frequency.

o Double Data Rate Two SDRAM (DDR2 SDRAM), it has the ability to operate the
external data bus twice as fast as DDR SDRAM. Its transfer rate can reach 533-
800 MT/s with the improved I/O bus signal.

o Double Data Rate Three (DDR3 SDRAM), Its memory reduces 40% of power
consumption compared to DDR2 modules, providing lower operating currents and
voltage (1.5 V). The transfer rate of DDR3 is 800-1600 MT/s.

o Double Data Rate Fourth SDRAM (DDR4 SDRAM), provides the lower operating
voltage (1.2 V) and higher transfer rate. The transfer rate is 2133-3200 MT/s.

Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips. The
individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips, were difficult to
install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this problem, designers
soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory module.
 Types of Memory Module

o Dual Inline Package (DIP) consists of two parallel

rows of pints that attach the chip package to the
circuit board. DIP

o Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM), the pins on

opposite sides of the circuit board do not connect and
thus form two sets of contacts. DIMM

o Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM) has pins on

opposite sides of the circuit board that connects
together to form a single set of contacts. SIMM

o Rambus Inline Memory Module (RIMM) houses

RDRAM chips.
RIMM
o Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
(SODIMM), are smaller version of DIMM, commonly
used in laptops, all-in-ones, and other small form of
factor PCs. It is a type of computer memory built
using integrated circuits. SODIMM

2. Read Only Memory (ROM)

It refers to memory chips storing permanent data and

instructions. The items stored in ROM chips cannot be
modified, hence the name read-only. ROM is nonvolatile
which means the data retains even without the flow of
electricity and cannot be erased or changed by normal
means. The data, instruction, or information stored on ROM
chips often are recorded when the chip is manufactured.
Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the
operating system are stored in ROM.

Types of ROM

o Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) - A memory chip on which data can

be written only once. Once a program has been written, it remains forever. PROM
is manufactured as blank memory. To write data onto a PROM chip, a special
device called PROM programmer or PROM burner is needed.
 o Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) – It is a special type of
memory that retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light. The
ultraviolent light clears its contents, making it possible to reprogram the memory.
A PROM programmer or PROM burner is used to write and erase data onto
EPROM.

o Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) – a

memory chip that can be erased its contents by exposing to an electrical charge.

Secondary Storage Devices:

Storage Drives

Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.

The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a
media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard
drive. For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB
port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These portable storage drives are sometimes
referred to as removable drives and can be used on multiple computers. Here are
some common types of storage drives: Hard drive, Optical drive and Flash drive.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage

device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive
is used as permanent storage for data.

In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually

configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications. The
hard drive is often configured as the first drive in the boot sequence. The storage
capacity of a hard drive is measured in billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed
of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard drives can
be added to increase storage capacity.

Traditional hard drives are magnetic. Magnetic hard drives have drive motors
designed to spin magnetic platters and the drive heads.

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

In contrast, the newer solid-state drives (SSDs) do not have

moving parts. Because there are no drive motors and moving
parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard
drive. Non-volatile flash memory chips manage all storage on
an SSD, which results in faster access to data, higher reliability,
and reduced power usage.
 SSDs have the same form factor as magnetic hard drives and use ATA or
SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a replacement for magnetic drives.

Solid state drives are non-volatile storage devices capable of holding large
amounts of data. It performs faster than traditional hard disk drives, however they are
significantly more expensive.

Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data
on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives:
Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD). CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded
(read-only), recordable (write once), or rewritable (read and
write multiple times).

CD Drive
Compact Disk (CD) is a circular disk that uses optical rays, usually lasers to read
and write data. There are three types of CDs:
• CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) – The data on these CDs are
recorded by the manufacturer. Proprietary software, audio or video are released
on CD-ROMs.
• CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) – Data can be written by the user once on the
CD-R. It cannot be deleted or modified later.
• CD-RW (Compact Disk Rewritable) – Data can be written and deleted on these
optical disks again and again.

DVD Drive
Digital Video Display (DVD) is an optical device that can store 15 times the data held
by CDs. It is used to store rich multimedia files that need high storage capacity. DVDs
come also in three varieties: read only, recordable and rewritable.

Blu Ray Disk

Blu Ray Disk (BD) is an optical storage media used to store high definition (HD)
video and other multimedia filed. It uses shorter wavelength laser as compared to
CD/DVD.

CD DVD Blu-Ray
700 MB 4.7 GB 25 GB – 128 GB

Fig. 1: Disc Capacities

External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a

removable storage device that connects to a USB port. An
external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile memory
chips as solid-state drives and does not require power to maintain
the data. These drives can be accessed by the operating system
in the same way that other types of drives are accessed.

Types of Drive Interfaces

Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are
used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer,
the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the
motherboard. Here are some common drive interfaces:

• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called

Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an
early drive controller interface that connects
computers and hard disk drives. An IDE
interface uses a 40-pin connector.
• SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version
of the ATA drive controller interface. A SATA
interface uses a 7-pin data connector. SATA
• SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a
drive controller interface that can connect up to
15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and IDE
external drives. An SCSI interface uses a
50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.

BEFORE YOU PROCEED:

• What are the components that can be measured?
• What are the two types of storage devices?
• What are the examples of Primary and secondary storage devices?
 Practice Task 1:

Directions: Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers in a

separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. The data on these CDs are recorded by the A. Hard Drive

manufacturer
2. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the B. DVD
computer.
3. Early drive controller interface that connects C. Blu ray Disk
computers and hard disk drives which an interface
that uses a 40-pin connector
4. It is an optical storage media used to store high D. Memory Module
definition (HD) video and other multimedia filed
5. Temporary storage for data and programs that are E. CD-ROM
being accessed by the CPU.
6. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the F. RAM
optical media.
7. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board G. CD-R

8. A removable storage device that connects to a USB H. Optical Drive

port
9. It is an optical device that can store 15 times the data I. IDE
held by CDs
10. Data can be written by the user once J. Flash Drive or
Thumb Drive
 Practice Task 2:

Directions: In the puzzle below, look for the 5 hidden components/objects to be

measured and determine whether it belongs to Primary or Secondary Storage
Devices. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. _____________________ _____________________
2. _____________________ _____________________
3. _____________________ _____________________
4. _____________________ _____________________
5. _____________________ _____________________
 Practice Task 3:

Directions: Identify the types of DRAM, ROM and Memory Module. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.

__________1. A memory chip on which data can be written only once.

__________2. It consists of two parallel rows of pints that attach the chip package to
the circuit board.
__________3. It synchronizes” the memory speed with CPU clock speed so that the
memory controller knows the exact clock cycle when the requested data will be ready.
__________4. The pins on opposite sides of the circuit board do not connect and thus
form two sets of contacts.
__________5. It is a special type of memory that retains its contents until it is exposed
to ultraviolet light.
__________6. It houses RDRAM chips.
__________7. It employs a method called “double pumping,” which allows transfer of
data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal without any increase in
clock frequency.
__________8. It has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connects together
to form a single set of contacts.
__________9. It is a memory chip that can be erased its contents by exposing to an
electrical charge.
__________10. It is a type of computer memory built using integrated circuits.

Post Test:

Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose from the given choices the correct answer. Write
the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is TRUE about storage Devices?

A. It is computer hardware used for storing, porting, and extracting data files and
objects.
B. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently.
C. It can be internal or external to a computer.
D. All of the above.
2. The following are storage devices except one.
A. HDD
B. RAM
C. ROM
D. SID
3. __________ is the storage space in the computer where data is to be processed
and instructions required for processing are stored.
A. Processor
B. Computer memory
C. Power Supply
D. All of the above
4. It is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being access by the
Central Processing Unit.
A. Random Access Memory
B. Read-Only Memory
C. Hard Disk Drive
D. Optical Drive
5. This type of DRAM was popular in the early 2000s and was mainly used for video
game devices and graphics card.
A. RDRAM
B. SDRAM
C. DDR2 SDRAM
D. DDR3 SDRAM
6. It is a type of computer memory module which uses integrated circuits.
A. DIP
B. DIMM
C. SIMM)
D. SODIMM
7. A type of computer memory which data retains even without the flow of electricity
and cannot be erased or changed by normal means.
A. ROM
B. RAM
C. SODIMM
D. DIP
8. ________ is a type of Read-Only Memory where data can only be written once
and it remains forever.
A. ROM
B. PROM
C. EPROM
D. EEPROM
9. It is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
A. Hard Disk Drive
B. Solid-State Drive
C. Optical Drive
D. External Flash Drive
10. ________ is a non-volatile storage device which capable of holding large amount
of data and can perform faster than hard disk drive.
A. Hard Disk Drive
B. Solid-State Drive
C. Optical Drive
D. External Flash Drive
 Assignment:

Directions: Use the internet to look or research for the following questions.

1. What is online storage device?

2. What are the examples and functions of each online storage devices?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Online Storage Device?

Your output will be rated using this rubric:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
EXCELLENT VERY GOOD GOOD POOR
The learner The learner The learner The learner
Answering answered answered answered only answered
questions questions 1-3 questions 1-3 2 questions only 1
correctly correctly and correctly correctly question
well explained correctly

The learner The learner The learner The learner

submits a well submits submits did not submit
Documentation presented his/her output. his/her output his/her output.
output. after due date.
.
.. Answer Key:

Pre-Test: Practice Task 3:

1. False
2. True 1. Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)
3. False 2. Dual Inline Package (DIP)
3. Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access
4. True
Memory (SDRAM)
5. True 4. Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM)
5. Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
Practice Task 1: (EPROM
1. E 6. Rambus Inline Memory Module (RIMM)
2. A 7. Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM)
3. I 8. Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)
4. C 9. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-
5. F Only Memory (EEPROM)
6. H 10. Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
(SODIMM)
7. D
8. J
9. B
Post Test:
10. G

1. D
Practice Task 2: 2. D
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. B

▪ Flash Drive - Secondary Storage Device

▪ ROM - Primary Storage Device
▪ Hard Disk Drive - Secondary Storage Device
▪ BluRay Disk - Secondary Storage Device
▪ RAM - Primary Storage Device
 References:

Book/s
❖ Technology and Livelihood Education Information and Communications
Technology Learner’s Material Computer Hardware Servicing G9
❖ Technology and Livelihood Education Information and Communications
Technology Learner’s Material Computer Hardware Servicing G7/8

CBLM
❖ Ballana, Ismael M., CBLM on Computer System Servicing NC II
❖ Mandac, Donald B, CBLM on Computer System Servicing NC II
Online Resources:
❖ https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_memory.htm
❖ https://www.guru99.com/different-types-ram-random-access-memory.html
❖ https://www.transcend-info.com/Support/FAQ-296
❖ https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1119/storage-device
❖ https://www.computerscience.gcse.guru/theory/storage-devices
❖ https://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/input-output-and-memory/what-are-
the-different-types-of-ram-explain-in-detail
❖ https://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/input-output-and-memory/explain-read-
only-memory-what-are-the-types-of-rom
❖ https://www.kenyaplex.com/resources/5558-factors-affecting-computer-
performance.aspx
❖ https://readanddigest.com/difference-between-ram-and-rom/
❖ http://allroundexpert.blogspot.com/2015/01/difference-between-ide-scsi-and-
sata.html
 Introduction

Welcome to the world of Computer System Servicing, one of the exploratory course
offers in Technology and Livelihood Education.

It is a course designed for high school students like you to develop knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values in the performance of Computer System Servicing tasks

The focus of this module is Lesson 3 which is Performing Measurements and

Calculation. Lesson 3 is consists of three (3) Learning outcomes: Selecting Measuring
Instruments, Carrying out Measurements & Calculations, and Maintaining Measuring
Instruments.

This module contains the following:

Pre-Test Determines your prior learning about the learning competencies.

Vocabulary List Serves as a guide for you to understand the terms used in this module.

Learning Activities: Provides you with meaningful knowledge and skills that will help you to
engage with and develop your skills, knowledge, and understanding of
these competencies.

Practice Task 1: Contains the Trial Round Test.

Practice Task 2 Contains the Challenger Round Test.

Practice Task 3 Contains the Expert Round Test.

Assignment Offers additional activities to reinforce your learning.

Post Test Determines your learning after the lesson.

References List the sources of information.

Answer Key Provides the answer key in every practice task.

This module is designed to prepare you by providing hands-on activities that you can
enjoy to accomplish even at your home. The requirement is to master the competencies before
you can proceed to the next lesson.

Enjoy and have a fun and meaningful experience in taking this course!
 Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:

1. Obtain the correct specifications from a relevant source.

Vocabulary List:

Bit - a fundamental unit of information having just two possible values, as either of the
binary digits 0 or 1.

Byte - a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most

commonly consists of eight bits.

Hardware –These are the physical/tangible component of a computer system

Software – also known as programs or applications. It is classified into two classes

namely-system software and application software.

Drivers- are small software programs that help the operating system use or “drive” the
device

Cache – CPU cache is an area of fast memory located on the processor.

Video editing – a process of manipulating and rearranging video shots to create a

new work.
 Pre-Test:

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Computer Hardware Specifications is a list of the key components that make up

the computer system.
2. Front Side Bus is a form of very fast memory integrated into the processor chip.
3. Processor and amount of RAM are the central to the overall capability of the
system.
4. The hard drive is the place where files, programs and other data is stored in the
computer.
5. Computers with little RAM have to keep moving data to and from their hard disks
in order to keep running.

Learning Activities:

SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

Computer hardware specifications or “spec” are technical descriptions of

the computer’s components and capabilities. In other words, these is a list of the key
components that make up the computer. It is provided by retailers to help buyers
decide which PC, and which combination of features, they need.

The important components to take account of are the processor, the amount of
RAM, Graphics Card and the size of the hard drive. These are the central to the overall
capability of the system.

Factors Affecting Computer Performance

Processor

The Central Processing Unit (CPU), serves as the brains of the computer
system. Processor speeds (technically known as “clock speed”) is the frequency of
which the processor executes instructions of the frequency by which data is processed
by the CPU. It is measured in gigahertz (GHz) with the fastest modern processors
currently running at up to 4.7 GHz. When selecting processor, faster is better.

For applications such as video editing, 3D graphics work and playing computer
games, higher processor speeds is highly required.
 The architecture of a processor refers to the basic design and complexity of a
processor which is another important factor to determine its performance. The Intel
Company created the “basic” processors called Celerons and Pentiums as well as
more powerful processors under its “core” processor family. It includes Core 2, Core
i3, Core i5 and Core i7 with the last of these being the most powerful.

The processor cache and front side bus (FSB) also determine a computer’s
overall power. Cache is a form of very fast memory integrated into the processor chip
and used to store up instructions so that it has to slow down as little as possible
between tasks. Cache is measured in megabytes (MB). The more cache the better.
Front Side Bus (FSB) speed is a measure of how fast a microprocessor communicates
with the computer’s motherboard. The higher the measure the better for overall
performance.

RAM

Random Access Memory is the temporary storage for data and programs. RAM
works in tandem with the CPU to determine how fast the computer performs tasks. To
a large extent, the more RAM a computer has the faster and more effectively it will
operate. Computers with little RAM have to keep moving data to and from their hard
disks in order to keep running. This tends to make them not just slow in general but
more annoyingly intermittently sluggish. The quantity of RAM is measured in
gigabytes.

Graphics Card

A computer’s graphic system determines how well it can work with visual
output. This means when it comes to quality of pictures and animations graphics cards
are the main factors. There are two types of graphics card: Integrated and dedicated.
Integrated graphics cards are built into the computer’s motherboard. Dedicated
graphics cards are installed separately. Dedicated graphics card is more powerful and
it is recommended if the computer is going to be used for editing video, playing games
or watching high definition movies. The more powerful the graphic cards are the faster
the performance the computer.

Hard Drive

The hard drive is the place where files, programs and other data is stored in the
computer. The hard disk speed is defined as the rate at which material and content
can be read and written on it. There are two types of hard drive: hard disk drives and
solid-state drives. Solid state drives are faster and more expensive than hard disk
drives. The speed and size of hard drive are the two most important factors to consider.
The higher the size and the faster the speed the better. Disk speeds is measured in
revolutions per minute (rpm).
 The hardware computer specifications will vary depending on what the
computer user will be doing with his/her computer. One who will use his computer for
graphically intense games or video editing is different from a person who will just surf
the internet and do simple typing in word documents or spreadsheet. Here is a sample
of computer specifications. Below is a sample of advertisement of computer
specification from an online store:

Component Specification
CPU Intel® Socket 1150 for 4th Generation Core™ i7/Core™ i5/ Core™ i3/
Pentium ®/ Celeron ® Processors
Supports Intel® 22 nm CPU
Supports Intel® Turbo Boost technology 2.0
*The Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 support depends on the
CPU types
* refer to www.asus.com for CPU support list

Chipset Intel ® H81

Memory 2 x DIMM, Max. 16 GB, DDR3 1600/1333/1066 MHz Non ECC, Un-
buffed Memory

Dual Channel Memory Profile (XMP)

*Hyper DIMM support is subject to the physical characteristics of
individual CPUs.
*refer to www.asus.com for the memory Qualified Vendors List (QVL)
*Due to Intel ® chipset limitation, DDR3 1600 MHZ and higher memory
modules on XMP mode will run at the maximum transfer rate of DDR3
1600 Mhz.
Graphic Integrated Graphics Processor
Multi-VGA output support: DVI/RGB ports
-Supports DVI-D with max. resolution 1920 x 1200 @ 60 Hz
-Supports RGB with max. resolution 1920 x 1200 @ 60 Hz
Maximum shared memory of 1024 MB
Support Intel® InTru TM 3D, Quick Sync Video, Clear Video HD
Technology, Insider TM
Expansion Slots
1 x PCIe x16
2 x PCIe 2.0 x1
Storage Intel ® H81 chipset:
2 x SATA 6GB/s port(s), yellow
2 x SATA 3 GB/s port (s), dark brown,
Supports intel® Rapid Start Technology, Intel® Smart Connect
Technology *1
LAN Realtek ® 8111G, 1 x Gigabit LAN Controller(s)
Audio Realtek ® ALC887 8-Channel High Definition Audio CODEC *2
- Supports: Jack-detection, Multi-streaming, Front Panel
Jack-retasking
USB Ports 2 x USB 3.1Gwn. 1 port(s) (2 at back panel, blue)
6 x USB 2.0 port(s) (2 at back panel, black, 4 at mid -board)
Operating Windows ®10
System Support Window ® 8.1
Window ® 8.
Window ® 7
Back I/O Ports 1 x PS/2 keyboard (purple)
1 x PS/2 mouse (green)
1 x DVI
1 x D-sub
1 x LAN (RJ45) Port(s)
2 x USB 3.1 Gen 1 (blue)
2 x USB 2.0
1 x Parallel port (s)
3 x Audio jack (s)
Internal I/O Ports
2 x USB 2.0 connector(s) support(s) additional 4 USB 2.0 port(S)
1 x COM port(s) connector(s)
2 x SATA 6GB/s connector(s)
2 x SATA 3GB/s connector(s)
1 x CPU Fan connector(s) (1 x 4-pin)
1 x Chassis Fan connector(s) (1 x 4-pin)
1 x S/PDIF out header(s)
1 x 24-pin EATX Power connector(s)
1 x 4-pin ATX 12V Power connector(s)
1 x Front panel connector(s)
1 x Front panel audio connector(s) (AAFP)
1 x Internal Speaker connector(s)
1 x Clear CMOS jumper(s)
Accessories
User Manual
I/O Shield
2 x SATA 6GB/s cable(s)
Form Factor uATX Form Factor
8.9-inch x 7.2 inch (22.6 cm x 18.3 cm)
What is System Information?

System Information shows details about the computer’s hardware

configuration, computer components, software and drivers. It lists the following
categories:

System Summary. It displays general information about the computer and the
operating system. It includes computer’s name and manufacturer, the type of
basic input/output system (BIOS) computer use and the amount of memory
installed.

Fig. 2: System Summary

Hardware Resources. It displays advanced details about computer’s hardware.

Fig. 3: Hardware Resources

Components. It displays information about disk drives, sound devices, modems and
other components installed in the computer.

Software Environment. It displays information about drivers, network connections,

and other program-related details.

▪ System Drivers
▪ Environment Variables
▪ Print Jobs
▪ Network Connections
▪ Running Tasks
 ▪ Loaded Modules
▪ Services
▪ Program Groups
▪ Startup Programs
▪ OLE Programs
▪ Windows Error Reporting

Other Methods of Viewing System Information of Computer

1. Using DirectX Diagnostic Tool

How to use dxdiag.exe?

o Click Start Button > Choose Run > type dxdiag.exe > Press Enter

o
Fig. 4: Dxdiag.exe
2. Using msinfo32.exe diagnostic tool

How to use msinfo32.exe?

o Click Start Button > Choose Run > type msinfo32.exe > Press Enter.

Fig. 5: msinfo32.exe

3. Using Speccy
It is an advance freeware application for displaying information of a computer.

How to use speccy?

o Download the application at https://www.piriform.com/speccy
o Install to your computer
o Run the program

Fig. 6: Speccy Interface

 BEFORE YOU PROCEED:
• What is a Computer hardware specification?
• What are the factors that affect Computer Performance?
• What is System Information?
• What are the Methods of Viewing System Information of Computer?

Practice Task 1:

Directions: Fill in the blanks. In order to complete the sentence, you may choose a
word given inside the box. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

programmer temporary Computer hardware specifications

s
integrated heart retailers terabytes Cache RAM

permanent hard drive dedicated revolutions per minute

gigahertz Graphics Card System Information brain

1. It is provided by ___________ to help buyers decide which PC, and which

combination of features, they need.
2. ___________ are technical descriptions of the computer’s components and
capabilities.
3. The CPU serves as the___________ of the computer system
4. ___________ is a form of very fast memory integrated into the processor chip and
used to store up instructions so that it has to slow down as little as possible
between tasks.
5. The CPU is measured in ___________ with the fastest modern processors
currently running at up to 4.7 GHz.
6. Random Access Memory is a ___________ storage for data and programs.
7. ___________ graphics cards are built into the computer’s motherboard.
8. The ___________ is the place where files, programs and other data is stored in
the computer.
9. Disk speeds is measured in ___________.
10. ___________ shows details about the computer’s hardware configuration,
computer components, software and drivers.
 Practice Task 2:

Direction: Analyse the computer advertisement to answer the questions given below.
Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

A.

15.6” Full HD IPS Screen

Touch Screen
Intel Core i3 8thGen 2.7 GHz
8 GB DDR4 RAM
500 GB SSD
True-Life LED backlit Display
Intel HD Graphics 620

1. How fast is the CPU in the computer? _____________________________

2. What is the model of the processor? ________________________________
3. How big is the memory? _________________________________________
4. What storage device used in the laptop?_____________________________
5. How much storage capacity does the storage Device have? ______________
B.

Intel Core i5 2nd Gen 2.4 Ghz

2 GB RAM, 250 GB HDD
15.6 Inches Screen
Wifi Ready, HDMI-VGA Ports
4 slot USB Port

6. How fast is the CPU in the computer? _____________________________

7. What is the model of the processor? ________________________________
8. How big is the memory? __________________________________________
9. What storage device used in the laptop?______________________________
10. How much storage capacity does the storage Device have? ______________
 Practice Task 3:

Directions: Explain why the following components are crucial to the overall
performance of the computer. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Hard Disk Drive

2. RAM

3. Graphics Card

4. Processor

Your output will be rated using this rubric:

5 4 3 2
CRITERION Excellent Very Good Satisfactory Needs
Improvement
The learner The learner The learner The learner
Content well explain well explain well explain well explain the
the topic for the topic for the topic for procedure for
box 1-4 box 1-3 box 1-2 box 1
correctly correctly correctly
 Post Test:

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose from the given choices the correct
answer. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. The following are factors that can affect the overall capability of the computer
system, EXCEPT?
A. RAM
B. Hard Disk
C. Processor
D. Power Supply
2. _______ is the place where files, programs and other data is stored in the
computer.
A. Processor
B. Power Supply
C. Hard Disk Drive
D. Graphics Card
3. Which of the following components is called “brain” of the computer system?
A. Graphics Card
B. Central Processing Unit
C. Power Supply
D. Hard Disk Drive
4. Which of the following graphics card is built into the computer’s motherboard?
A. Dedicated Cards
B. Integrated Cards
C. Assimilated Cards
D. Devoted Cards
5. It is a form of very fast memory integrated into the processor chip and used to store
up instructions so that it has to slow down as little as possible between tasks.
A. FSB
B. Cache
C. RAM
D. CPU
6. ____________ is the temporary storage for data and programs.
A. Cache
B. RAM
C. FSB
D. CPU
7. The following processors belong to powerful processors, EXCEPT ONE.
A. Core i3
B. Corei5
C. Corei7
D. Celeron
8. Which of the following graphics cards is recommended for a computer to be used
for editing video, playing games or watching high definition movies?
A. Dedicated Cards
B. Integrated Cards
C. Assimilated Cards
D. Devoted Cards
9. _________ is a measure of how fast a microprocessor communicates with the
computer’s motherboard.
A. Cache
B. RAM
C. FSB
D. CPU
10. Which of the following are TRUE about Computer Hardware Specifications?
A. It is a technical description of the computer’s components and capabilities.
B. It is a list of the key components that make up the computer.
C. It is provided by retailers to help buyers decide which PC, and which
combination of features, they need.
D. It shows information about the overall computer’s configuration.

Assignment:

1. Use the internet to look or search for the latest price and specification of the
following components.

Components Specification Price

1. CPU
2. RAM
3. Motherboard
4. Graphics
5. Storage
6. Optical drive
7. Monitor
8. Audio
9. Mouse
10. Power Supply Unit
Your output will be rated using this rubric:

SCORE CRITERIA
The learner provide the precise hardware specifications and the
5 cost is based on the market selling price for 1-10 components
listed.
The learner provide the precise hardware specifications and the
4 cost is based on the market selling price for 1-8 components
listed.
The learner provide the precise hardware specifications and the
3 cost is based on the market selling price for 1-6 components
listed.
The learner provide the precise hardware specifications and the
2 cost is based on the market selling price for 1-4 components
listed.
The learner provide the precise hardware specifications and the
1 cost is based on the market selling price for 1-2 components
listed.
0 The learner did not answer/perform the task.
 Answer Key:

Pre-Test: Post Test:

1. D
1. True 2. C
2. False 3. B
3. False 4. B
4. True 5. B
5. True 6. B
7. D
8. A
Practice Task 1: 9. C
1. Retailers 10. D
2. Computer hardware specifications
3. Brain
4. Cache
5. Gigahertz
6. Temporary
7. Integrated
8. Hard Drive
9. revolutions per minute
10. System Information

Practice Task 2:
1. 2.7 GHz
2. Intel Core i3
3. 8 GB
4. Solid State Drive (SSD)
5. 500 GB
6. 2.4 GHz
7. Intel Core i5
8. 2 GB
9. Hard Disk Drive (HHD)
10. 250 GB

Practice Task 3:

Use the Rubric:

5 4 3 2
CRITERION Excellent Very Good Satisfactory Needs
Improvement
The learner The learner The learner well The learner
well explain well explain explain the topic well explain
Content the topic for the topic for for box 1-2 the procedure
box 1-4 box 1-3 correctly for box 1
correctly correctly
 References:

Book/s:
❖ Technology and Livelihood Education Information and Communications
Technology Learner’s Material Computer Hardware Servicing G7/8
❖ Technology and Livelihood Education Information and Communications
Technology Learner’s Material Computer Hardware Servicing G9

CBLM
❖ Ballana, Ismael M., CBLM on Computer System Servicing NC II
❖ Mandac, Donald B, CBLM on Computer System Servicing NC II

Online Resources:
❖ https://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/tutorial/definition.html
❖ https://www.atechreview.com/laptops/dell-inspiron-15-5000-review-1707
❖ https://web.facebook.com/338365789908812/posts/laptop-core-i5-for-salespecs-
fmv-lifebook-a561-dprocessor-intel-core-i5-2nd-gen-
/627167517695303/?_rdc=1&_rdr
 Introduction
Welcome to the world of Computer System Servicing, one of the exploratory course
offers in Technology and Livelihood Education.

It is a course designed for high school students like you to develop knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values in the performance of Computer System Servicing tasks

The focus of this module is Lesson 3 which is Performing Measurements and

Calculation. Lesson 3 is consists of three (3) Learning outcomes: Selecting Measuring
Instruments, Carrying out Measurements & Calculations, and Maintaining Measuring
Instruments.

This module contains the following:

Pre-Test Determines your prior learning about the learning competencies.

Vocabulary List Serves as a guide for you to understand the terms used in this module.

Learning Activities: Provides you with meaningful knowledge and skills that will help you to
engage with and develop your skills, knowledge, and understanding of
these competencies.

Practice Task 1: Contains the Trial Round Test.

Practice Task 2 Contains the Challenger Round Test.

Practice Task 3 Contains the Expert Round Test.

Assignment Offers additional activities to reinforce your learning.

Post Test Determines your learning after the lesson.

References List the sources of information.

Answer Key Provides the answer key in every practice task.

This module is designed to prepare you by providing hands-on activities that you can
enjoy to accomplish even at your home. The requirement is to master the competencies before
you can proceed to the next lesson.

Enjoy and have a fun and meaningful experience in taking this course!
 Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:

1. Select measuring tools in line with the job requirements.

Vocabulary List:

Analog signal - continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the
signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to
another time varying signal.

Digital signal - uses discrete (discontinuous) values.

Analog Technology – information is translated into electric pulses of varying

amplitude.

Digital Technology – translation of information is into binary format (zero or one)

where each bit is representative of two distinct amplitudes.

Direct Current (DC) – Current flows only one way from a DC source, an example of
which is a battery.

Alternating Current (AC) – Current flows one way from a source, reverses, and then
flows the other way. The main supply in a home is AC.

Voltage – is how hard electricity is being “pushed” through a circuit. It is measured in

volts (V). A higher voltage means the electricity is being pushed harder.

Current – is how much electricity is flowing through the circuit. It is measured in

amperes (A). A higher current means more electricity is flowing.

Resistance – is how difficult it is for electricity to flow through something. It is

measured in ohms (Ω). A higher resistance means it is more difficult for electricity to
flow.
 Pre-test:

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

______1. Power Supply Tester is device that checks and measure whether the
computer power supply is working properly.

______2. Digital Multimeter is a multifunctional electrical measuring instruments with

indication by means of an arrow scale.

______3. Multimeter is a device that connects to a computer, hub, switch, or router

port to perform a diagnostic procedure called a loopback test.

______4. Multimeter is a device that measures AC/DC voltage, electric current and
other cable and electrical characteristics.

______5. The Cable Tester can test whether a cable or wire is set up properly,
connected correctly, and the communication strength between the source and
destination.

Learning Activities

Measuring Tools

A computer technician needs proper tools to work safely and prevent damage to
the computer equipment. There are many tools used to measure, diagnose and repair
computer problems. The following tools are used to measure and diagnose computer
problems:

1. Multimeter – A device that measures AC/DC voltage, electric current and other
cable and electrical characteristics.

Types of Multimeter

o Analog Multimeter – is a multifunctional electrical measuring

instruments with indication by means of an arrow (analog) scale.
 o Digital Multimeter – is a modern, reliable measuring device
characterized by high measurement accuracy and various
functional capabilities. It can take many types of measurements.
It tests the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in a
computer component. It displays the information’s on an LCD or
LED.

2. Power Supply Tester – A device that checks and measure whether

the computer power supply is working properly. It might have an
indicator lights or show the amount of voltage and amperage.

3. Cable Tester – is a device used to test the strength and connectivity

of a cable or other wired assemblies. It can test whether a cable or
wire is set up properly, connected correctly, and the communication
strength between the source and destination.

4. Loopback plug – is also known as loopback adapter. A device that

connects to a computer, hub, switch, or router port to perform a
diagnostic procedure called a loopback test.

BEFORE YOU PROCEED:

• What are the different Measuring Tools?
• What is the difference between Analog and Digital Multimeters?
• Can you give the functions of each measuring tools?
 Practice Test 1:

Directions: Complete the criss-cross puzzle and familiarize yourself with the different
measuring tools being described. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Across: Down:
1. measures electrical 2. Loopback test
characteristics
3. measure computer power
supply
4. displays on LCD or LED
5. strength and connectivity of a
cable

Practice Test 2:

Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters to find the words related to measuring tools.
Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. It can test whether a cable or wire is set up properly, connected correctly, and the
communication strength between the source and destination.
BECLA ERTSET __________________
2. It is a multifunctional electrical measuring instrument with indication by means of
an arrow scale.
OAGLNA ETLERMUTIM __________________

3. It might have an indicator lights or show the amount of voltage and amperage.
OWPRE UPYSLP S ERETT __________________

4. A device that measures AC/DC voltage, electric current and other cable and
electrical characteristics.
ELUMITETMR __________________

5. It is a modern, reliable measuring device characterized by high measurement

accuracy and various functional capabilities.
LIAIDGT TIERELTMUM __________________

Practice Test 3:

Directions: Identify the name of the measuring instruments presented and its
purpose/function. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1 2 3 4 5

A. NAME
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________
4. _______________________________________
5. _______________________________________

B. PURPOSE/FUNCTION
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________
4. _______________________________________
5. _______________________________________
 Post Test:

Directions: Read and study the situation/problem then answer what is being asked in
the situation. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. You are assigned by your teacher to check whether the straight through cable is
functional. What type of measuring tools are you going to used and why?

MEASURING TOOL REASONS

2. You are going to create a PowerPoint presentation for a group report; however
when you plugged the computer’s power cord to the extension wire, the computer
doesn’t start. But when you plug to the main outlet, the computer is functional. So
to determine the problem with the extension wire, what type of measuring tools
are you going to used and why?

MEASURING TOOL REASONS

Your output will be rated using this rubric:

SCORE CRITERIA
The output showed outstanding skills in writing and making appropriate
5
and correct statements for the given situations.
The output showed very good skills in writing and making appropriate
4
and correct statements for the given situations.
The output showed good skills in writing and making appropriate and
3
correct statements but not suited to the given situation.
The output was poorly done with erasures and is irrelevant to the given
2
situation
1 The student did not answer/perform the task.
 Assignment:

1. List down five (5) objects/equipment that can be test by multimeter.

Your output will be rated using this rubric:

SCORE CRITERIA
5 The learner provide 1-5 objects/equipments correctly.
4 The learner provide 1-4 objects/equipments correctly.
3 The learner provide 1-3 objects/equipments correctly.
2 The learner provide 1-2 objects/equipments correctly.
1 The student did not answer/perform the task.
. Answer Key:

Pre-Test: Practice Task 3:

1. True A. NAME
2. False
3. False 1. Loopback plug
4. True 2. Analog Multimeter
5. True 3. Cable Tester
4. Power Supply Tester
5. Digital Multimeter
Practice Task 1:
1. Multimeter B. PURPOSE/REASONS
2. Loopbackplug 1. A device that connects to a computer, hub,
3. Power Supply Tester switch, or router port to perform a
4. Digital Multimeter diagnostic procedure called a loopback
5. cable Tester test.
2. It is a multifunctional electrical measuring
instruments with indication by means of an
arrow (analog) scale
3. It is a device used to test the strength and
connectivity of a cable or other wired
assemblies. It can test whether a cable or
wire is set up properly, connected
correctly, and the communication strength
between the source and destination.
4. A device that checks and measure
whether the computer power supply is
Practice Task 2: working properly. It might have an
1. Cable Tester indicator lights or show the amount of
2. Analog Multimeter voltage and amperage.
3. Power Supply Tester 5. It tests the integrity of circuits and the
4. Multimeter quality of electricity in a computer
5. Digital Multimeter component.

Post Test:

Use the rubric.

SCORE CRITERIA

5 The learner provide 1-5 objects/equipments correctly.

4 The learner provide 1-4 objects/equipments correctly.

3 The learner provide 1-3 objects/equipments correctly.

2 The learner provide 1-2 objects/equipments correctly.

1 The student did not answer/perform the task.

 References:

Book/s:
❖ Technology and Livelihood Education Information and Communications
Technology Learner’s Material Computer Hardware Servicing G7
Online Resources:
❖ https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2086239&seqNum=7
❖ https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2756481&seqNum=5
❖ https://www.pribortorg.by/en/articles/what-is-a-multimeter
❖ https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cabletest.htm
❖ https://www.diffen.com/difference/Analog_vs_Digital
❖ https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/references/how-to-use-
a-multimeter
❖ https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fshopee.ph%2FRj45-
and-Rj11-Network-Cable-Lan-Tester-with-Pouch-
i.21380649.1150250218&psig=AOvVaw23Y1LwODpetxKNWfQJyDr6&ust=15
98646900532000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCID68fadv
OsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAb
❖ https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/portable-analog-multimeter-
15042989773.html
❖ https://m.made-in-china.com/product/China-Zhangzhou-Factory-Digital-
Multimeter-739613692.html
❖ https://sea.banggood.com/Digital-LCD-Power-Supply-Tester-for-PC-
ATXBTXITX-4Pin-SATA-HDD-p-938085.html?cur_warehouse=CN
 Introduction
Welcome to the world of Computer System Servicing, one of the exploratory course
offers in Technology and Livelihood Education.

It is a course designed for high school students like you to develop knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values in the performance of Computer System Servicing tasks

The focus of this module is Lesson 3 which is Performing Measurements and

Calculation. Lesson 3 is consists of three (3) Learning outcomes: Selecting Measuring
Instruments, Carrying out Measurements & Calculations, and Maintaining Measuring
Instruments.

This module contains the following:

Pre-Test Determines your prior learning about the learning competencies.

Vocabulary List Serves as a guide for you to understand the terms used in this module.

Learning Activities: Provides you with meaningful knowledge and skills that will help you to
engage with and develop your skills, knowledge, and understanding of
these competencies.

Practice Task 1: Contains the Trial Round Test.

Practice Task 2 Contains the Challenger Round Test.

Practice Task 3 Contains the Expert Round Test.

Assignment Offers additional activities to reinforce your learning.

Post Test Determines your learning after the lesson.

References List the sources of information.

Answer Key Provides the answer key in every practice task.

This module is designed to prepare you by providing hands-on activities that you can
enjoy to accomplish even at your home. The requirement is to master the competencies before
you can proceed to the next lesson.

Enjoy and have a fun and meaningful experience in taking this course!
 Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:

1. Select appropriate measuring instrument to achieve required outcome.

2. Obtain accurate measurements for job.

Vocabulary List:

Symbols - a thing that represents or stands for something else.

Notations - a series or system of written symbols used to represent numbers, amounts

or elements.

Capacity – the maximum amount that something can contain

Storage – a process through which digital data is saved within a data storage device
by means of computing technology.

Bit - a fundamental unit of information having just two possible values, as either of the
binary digits 0 or 1.

Byte - a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most

commonly consists of eight bits.
 Pre-test:

Directions: Match items on Column A with the Column B. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Learning Activities:

Different Measuring Instruments and Techniques

1. Conversion of Number Systems

Computer does not understand human language because it is arbitrary. But

numbers are not arbitrary, and that is why numbers used to communicate with
computer and machines. Hence, the number system was discovered.

Number System is defined as a writing system to represent the numbers in

different ways i.e different symbols and notations to represent numbers. There are four
types of Number System: Binary, Decimal, Octal and Hexadecimal.
 Types of Number System

Binary Number System - is a number in which represent the numbers by using only
two symbols such as 0 or 1. O can be OFF and 1 can be ON. The base value of
binary number is 2. Base value indicates the number of ways can represent the
numbers in the number system. Binary system is used when there are only two
possibilities or outcomes. For example, an electric bulb can be On or Off.

Octal Number System - is a number which represent the numbers using 8 different
values or digits, from 0 to 7. The base of Octal Number System is 8.

Decimal Number System - is a number which represent numbers using 10 digits – 0

to 9. The base value of the Decimal number system is 10. It is used when there are
10 possible outputs of a system like top ten students from a class.

Hexadecimal Number System – is a number system which use 16 different values

to represent numbers. That is 0 to 9 and A, B, C, D, E, F represents 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15 respectively.

2. Storage Capacity Computation

Storage capacity refers to how much disk space one or more storage devices
provides. It measures how much data a computer system may contain. For example,
a computer with 500GB hard drive has a storage capacity of 500 gigabytes. A network
server with 4 TB drives has a storage capacity of 4 terabytes.

Units of Measurement Used for Storage Capacity

Unit Value Size

bit (b) 0 or 1 1/8 of a byte
Byte (B) 8 bits 1 byte
Kilobyte (KB) 10001 bytes 1,000 bytes
Megabyte (MB) 10002 bytes 1,000,000 bytes
Gigabyte (GB) 10003 bytes 1,000,000,000 bytes
Terabyte (TB) 10004 bytes 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
Petabyte (PB) 10005 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
Exabyte (EB) 10006 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
Zettabyte (ZB) 10007 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
Yottabytes (YB) 10008 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
bytes
Fig. 7: Units of Measurement
3. Files Storage Computation

File Storage is also called file-level or file-based storage- is a hierarchical storage

methodology used to organize and store data on a computer hard drive or on network-
attached storage (NAS) device. In file storage, data is stored in files, the files are
organized in folders, and the folders are organized under hierarchy of directories and
subdirectories. To locate a file, the computer system needs a path – from directory to
subdirectory to folder to file.

BEFORE YOU PROCEED:

1. What are the different measuring instruments and techniques?
2. What is a number system?
3. What are the types of number system?

Practice Task 1:

Directions: Complete the criss-cross puzzle and familiarize yourself with the Unit of
measurement being described. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Across: Down:
2. 1,000 bytes 1. 1 byte
5. 1,000,000,000 bytes 3. 1/8 of a byte
4. 1,000,000 bytes
 Practice Task 2:

Directions: Complete the sentence by choosing the correct WORD inside the box.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Storage Capacity Binary Number System Octal Number System

Decimal Number System Hexadecimal Number System

System File Storage Number System File Storage

Practice Task 3:

Directions: Give the value of every unit. Write your answers in a separate sheet of
paper.

Unit Value
1 bit
2 Byte
3 Kilobyte
4 Megabyte
5 Gigabyte
6 Terabyte
7 Petabyte
8 Exabyte
9 Zettabyte
10 Yottabytes
 Post Test:

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose from the given choices the correct
answer. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. The binary number system represents two numbers by using two symbols. What
are those symbols?
A. 0, 1
B. 1, 2
C. 2, 3
D. 3, 4

2. If a computer has 1 TB of hard drive, how many storage capacities it has?

A. 4 TB storage capacity
B. 3 TB storage capacity
C. 2 TB storage capacity
D. 1 TB storage capacity
3. ________refers to how much disk space one or more storage devices provides.
A. Storage capacity
B. Number system
C. File storage
D. Binary number system
4. If the value of a bit is 0 or 1, how about its size?
A. 1 byte
B. 1,000 bytes
C. 1,000,000 bytes
D. 1,000,000,000 bytes
5. If Hexadecimal Number System use 16 different values to represent numbers.
What number represents A, B, C, D, E and F respectively.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
C. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
D. 16, 17,18, 19,20, 21
6. What is the base value of the Decimal number system?
A. 1
B. 0
C. 8
D. 10
7. What is base value of Octal number system?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
8. The following are types of Number System, except?
A. Binary
B. Decimal
C. Octal
D. Dexadecimal
9. If a computer has 2 GB of hard drive, how many storage capacities it has?
A. 4 GB storage capacity
B. 3 GB storage capacity
C. 2 GB storage capacity
D. 1 GB storage capacity
10. What is the size of 1 kilobyte?
A. 1 byte
B. 1,000 bytes
C. 1,000,000 bytes
D. 1,000,000,000 bytes

Assignment:

Directions: Use internet to look or search for the following questions: Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Define File Storage, Block Storage and Object Storage.

2. What are the benefits of File Storage, Block Storage and Object Storage?

Your output will be rated using this rubric:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
EXCELLENT VERY GOOD GOOD POOR
The learner The learner The learner The learner
Answering answered answered answered answered the
questions questions 1-2 questions 1-2 only 1 question
correctly correctly and correctly question incorrectly
well explained correctly
The learner The learner The learner The learner did
submits a well submits submits not submit
Documentation presented, his/her his/her output his/her output.
neat and clear output. after due date.
output. .
. Answer Key:

Post Test:
Pre-Test:
1. A
1. F
2. D
2. E
3. A
3. D
4. A
4. A
5. C
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D
Practice Task 1: 9. C
10. B

Practice Task 2:
1. Number System
2. Octal Number System
3. Hexadecimal Number System
4. Decimal Number System
5. Binary Number System

Practice Task 3:
1. 0 or 1
2. 8 bits
3. 10001 bytes
4. 10002 bytes
5. 10003 bytes
6. 10004 bytes
7. 10005 bytes
8. 10006 bytes
9. 10007 bytes
10. 10008 bytes
 References:

Book/s:
❖ K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module
G7/8

Online Resources:
❖ https://techterms.com/definition/ascii
❖ https://byjus.com/maths/number-system/
❖ https://techterms.com/definition/storagecapacity
❖ https://www.learnpolytechnic.com/electronics-engineering/digital-
techniques/number-system/
❖ https://techterms.com/help/data_storage_units_of_measurement
❖ https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/file-
storage?mhsrc=ibmsearch_a&mhq=what%20is%20file%20storage
 Introduction
Welcome to the world of Computer System Servicing, one of the exploratory course
offers in Technology and Livelihood Education.

It is a course designed for high school students like you to develop knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values in the performance of Computer System Servicing tasks

The focus of this module is Lesson 3 which is Performing Measurements and

Calculation. Lesson 3 is consists of three (3) Learning outcomes: Selecting Measuring
Instruments, Carrying out Measurements & Calculations, and Maintaining Measuring
Instruments.

This module contains the following:

Pre-Test Determines your prior learning about the learning competencies.

Vocabulary List Serves as a guide for you to understand the terms used in this module.

Learning Activities: Provides you with meaningful knowledge and skills that will help you to
engage with and develop your skills, knowledge, and understanding of
these competencies.

Practice Task 1: Contains the Trial Round Test.

Practice Task 2 Contains the Challenger Round Test.

Practice Task 3 Contains the Expert Round Test.

Assignment Offers additional activities to reinforce your learning.

Post Test Determines your learning after the lesson.

References List the sources of information.

Answer Key Provides the answer key in every practice task.

This module is designed to prepare you by providing hands-on activities that you can
enjoy to accomplish even at your home. The requirement is to master the competencies before
you can proceed to the next lesson.

Enjoy and have a fun and meaningful experience in taking this course!
 Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:

1. Perform Calculations Needed in Completing Tasks using Four Mathematical

Fundamental Operations, addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x) and division
(÷).
2. Self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy.

Vocabulary List:

Cache – CPU cache is an area of fast memory located on the processor.

Graphics – are any image media, usually movies and pictures that are created
through the use of hardware and software.

Binary Code – code using a string of 8 binary digits to represent characters

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) – Is a character

encoding that uses numeric codes to represent characters. These include upper and
lowercase English letters, numbers, and punctuation symbols.
 Pre-test:

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and
special characters with bits
2. A bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data.
3. The basic unit of digital storage is byte.
4. When something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater the
number of bits needed to represent it.
5. CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB.

Learning Activities:

Digital Representation
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary format.
The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and
represents the smallest piece of data. Humans
interpret words and pictures; computers interpret only
patterns of bits.

BIT
A bit can have only two possible values, a one
digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can be used to
represent the state of something that has two states.
For example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in
binary representation, these states would correspond
to 1 and 0, respectively.

ASCII
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special
characters with bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a string
of bits. For example:

Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001

Special character: # = 00100011

Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is known
as a byte.

Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: computer
data, graphics, photos, voice, video, and music.

har Dec Binary Char Dec Binary Char Dec Binary

! 033 00100001 A 065 01000001 a 097 01100001

" 034 00100010 B 066 01000010 b 098 01100010

# 035 00100011 C 067 01000011 c 099 01100011

$ 036 00100100 D 068 01000100 d 100 01100100

% 037 00100101 E 069 01000101 e 101 01100101

& 038 00100110 F 070 01000110 f 102 01100110

' 039 00100111 G 071 01000111 g 103 01100111

( 040 00101000 H 072 01001000 h 104 01101000

) 041 00101001 I 073 01001001 i 105 01101001

* 042 00101010 J 074 01001010 j 106 01101010

+ 043 00101011 K 075 01001011 k 107 01101011

, 044 00101100 L 076 01001100 l 108 01101100

- 045 00101101 M 077 01001101 m 109 01101101

. 046 00101110 N 078 01001110 n 110 01101110

/ 047 00101111 O 079 01001111 o 111 01101111

0 048 00110000 P 080 01010000 p 112 01110000

1 049 00110001 Q 081 01010001 q 113 01110001

2 050 00110010 R 082 01010010 r 114 01110010

3 051 00110011 S 083 01010011 s 115 01110011

4 052 00110100 T 084 01010100 t 116 01110100

5 053 00110101 U 085 01010101 u 117 01110101

6 054 00110110 V 086 01010110 v 118 01110110

7 055 00110111 W 087 01010111 w 119 01110111

8 056 00111000 X 088 01011000 x 120 01111000

9 057 00111001 Y 089 01011001 y 121 01111001

Fig. 8: ASCII Table

STEPS TO CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY NUMBERS

The following are the steps in converting decimal numbers to binary numbers:

1. Divide the number by 2.

2. Get the quotient and the remainder.
3. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2.
4. Get the quotient and remainder again
5. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0
6. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.
Example:
Quotient Remainder

25/2 12 1

12/2 6 0

6/2 3 0

3/2 1 1

½ 0 1

25 = 11001

Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier

16 8 4 2 1 equivalents

16 8 0 0 1 Results

16 + 8 + 1 = 25

STEPS TO CONVERT BINARY NUMBERS TO DECIMAL NUMBERS

Converting from binary to decimal involves multiplying the value of each digit
(i.e. 1 or 0) by the value of the placeholder in the number
1. Write down the number.
2. Starting with the LSB, multiply the digit by the value of the place holder.
3. Continue doing this until you reach the MSB.
4. Add the results together.

Example: Convert 10110111 to decimal

 CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital
storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used
to represent data storage capacity.

When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).

One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A megabyte
represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes.
A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The exact number is gained by taking 2^n power.

Fig. 9: Quantities of Bytes

1 or 0 (On or off) Bit (b)

4 bits 1 Nibble (N)
8 bits 1 byte (B)
1, 024 bytes 1 kilobyte (KB)
1, 024 KB 1 Megabyte (MB)
1, 024 MB 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1, 024 GB 1 Terabyte (B)
1, 024 TB 1 Petabyte (PB)
1, 024 PB 1 Exabyte (EB)
1, 024 EB 1 Zetabyte (ZB)
1, 024 ZB 1 Yotabyte (YB)
1, 024 YB 1 Brontobyte (BB)
1, 024 BB 1 Geopbyte (GPB)

Fig. 10 Unit of Measurement

In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater
the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a digital
camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.

Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size
or storage capacity of a device. Examples of components and devices that use byte
storage include: random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs,
and MP3 players.

CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a data
storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and approximately
8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-layer
disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.

Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of
bytes being used. For example:

A file is 20 KB in size

1 KB = 1,024 Bytes

20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file

If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then

approximately a total of 51 files of the same size can be stored in that folder
(1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2).

BEFORE YOU PROCEED:

1. What are the steps in converting Decimal Numbers to Binary Numbers?
2. What are the steps in converting Binary Numbers to Decimal Numbers?
3. Do you know how to calculate Data Storage?

Practice Task 1:

Directions: Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers in a separate
sheet of paper.

______1. It is represented by 1 an 0. A. ASCII

______2. It is equivalent to 1 byte B. Bytes
______3. It is equivalent to a half-byte or 4 bits C. 8 bits
______4. The smallest representation of data D. Binary Codes
______5. American Standard Code for E. Binary Numbers
Information Interchange F. Nibble
G. Bit
 Practice Task 2:

Direction: Convert the following decimal numbers to binary numbers. Perform

checking to verify answers.

1) 19 6) 67

2) 27 7) 49

3) 28 8) 13

4) 53 9) 85

5) 17 10. 91

Practice Test 3:

Direction: Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solutions. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB avi files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?
4. How many 315 MB pdf files can be stored on an 8 GB memory card?
5. How many 50 KB jpg files can be stored in 1 GB flash drive?
6. How many 3 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 2 GB flash drive?
7. How many 500 MB avi files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?
8. How many 800 MB pdf files can be stored on a 3 GB flash drive?
9. How many 25 KB jpg files can be stored on a 4.7 MB DVD-R?
10. How many 8 KB mp3 files can be stored in 5 MB memory card?
 Post Test:

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose from the given choices the correct
answer. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is the largest unit of data?

A. Gigabyte
B. Megabyte
C. Kilobyte
D. Bit
2. Which of the following is the smallest unit of data which can be stored?
A. Byte
B. Bit
C. Kilobyte
D. Megabyte
3. Arrange the following units of storage into the correct order, starting with the
smallest first and going down to the largest.
1. Kilobyte 4. Terabyte
2. Byte 5. Gigabyte
3. Megabyte 6. Bit
A. 2, 6, 1, 3, 4, 5
B. 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5
C. 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 4
D. 6, 2, 1, 3, 5, 4
4. What is the commonly used code of computers?
A. ASCII
B. Binary codes
C. Computer codes
D. Tertiary codes
5. A bit can have two possible value, what value are those?
A. 3,4
B. 4,5
C. 0,1
D. 1,2
6. ASCII stands for?
A. American Standing Code for Interchange Information
B. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
C. Americans Standard Coding for Interchange Information
D. Americans Standards Coding for Interchanging Information
7. How many bits are required to have a byte?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
8. Which of the following types of information can be represented by codes?
A. Graphics
B. Photos,
C. Videos
D. All of the above
9. The following are terms used when referring to storage space, except one?
A. Bytes
B. Kilobytes
C. Gigabytes
D. Degabytes
10. The term bit is an abbreviation of?
A. Binary Digit
B. Binary Digital
C. Both Digital
D. Bring Digit

Assignment:

Directions: Convert the following binary numbers to decimal numbers. Show your
solutions. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. 10111
2. 101011
3. 1011001
4. 10011
5. 111
6. 1001101
7. 101001
8. 1101111
9. 111101
10. 100011
 Answer Key:

Pre Test:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True

Practice Task 1:

1. E
2. C
3. F
4. G
5. A

Practice Task 2:

1. 19

Quotient Remainder
19/2 9 1
9/2 4 1
4/2 2 0
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1

Answer: 10011
Check:
1 0 0 1 1
16 8 4 2 1
16+2+1 = 19

2. 27

Quotient Remainder
27/2 13 1
13/2 6 1
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
 Answer: 11011
Check:

1 1 0 1 1
16 8 4 2 1
16 8 + 2 + 1= 27

3. 28

Quotient Remainder
28/2 14 0
14/2 7 0
7/2 3 1
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1

Answer: 11100
Check:
1 1 1 0 0
16 8 4 2 1
16+ 8 + 4 = 28

4. 53

Quotient Remainder
53/2 26 1
26/2 13 0
13/2 6 1
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1

Answer: 110101
Check:

1 1 0 1 0 1
32 16 8 4 2 1
32 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 53
5. 17

Quotient Remainder
17/2 8 1
8/2 4 0
4/2 2 0
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1

Answer: 10001
Check:
1 0 0 0 1
16 8 4 2 1
16 + 1 = 17

6. 67

Quotient Remainder
67/2 33 1
33/2 16 1
16/2 8 0
8/2 4 0
4/2 2 0
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1

Answer: 1000011
Check:

1 0 0 0 0 1 1
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
64 + 2 + 1 = 67

7. 49

Quotient Remainder
49/2 24 1
24/2 12 0
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1

Answer: 110001
 Check:
1 1 0 0 0 1
32 16 8 4 2 1
32 + 16 + 1 = 49

8. 13

Quotient Remainder
13/2 6 1
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1

Answer: 1101
Check:

1 1 0 1
8 4 2 1
8 + 4 + 1 = 13

9. 85

Quotient Remainder
85/2 42 1
42/2 21 0
21/2 10 1
10/2 5 0
5/2 2 1
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1

Answer: 1010101
Check:
1 0 1 0 1 0 1
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
64 + 16 + 4 + 1
10. 91

Quotient Remainder
91/2 45 1
45/2 22 1
22/2 11 0
11/2 5 1
5/2 2 1
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1

Answer: 1011011
Check:

1 0 1 1 0 1 1
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
64 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 91

Practice Task 3:

1.
1 KB = 1, 024 Bytes
60 KB * 1,024 bytes = 61, 440 bytes in 60 KB file

1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
2 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 2,097,152 bytes in 2 MB

2,097,152/61,440 = 34.13
Answer: Approximately 34 files

2. 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
5 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 5,242,880 bytes in 5 MB

1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
1,073,741,824/5,242,880 =204.8
Answer: Approximately 204 files
 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
750 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 786,432,000 bytes in 750 MB
3.
1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
4.3 * 1,073,741,824 = 4,617,089,843.2
4,617,089,843.2/786,432,000 = 5.87
Answer: Approximately 6 files

1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
4. 315 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 330,301,440 bytes in 315 MB

1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
8 * 1,073,741,824 = 8,589,934,592
8,589,934,592/330,301,440 = 26.006
Answer: Approximately 26 files

5.

1 KB = 1, 024 Bytes
50 KB * 1,024 bytes = 51,200 bytes in 50 KB file

1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
1,048,576/51,200 = 20.48
Answer: Approximately 20 files

6.
1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
3 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 3,145,728 bytes in 3 MB

1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
2*1,073,741,824 = 2,147,483,648
2,147,483,648/3,145,728 = 682.67
Answer: Approximately 683 files

7. 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
500 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 524,288,000 bytes in 500 MB

1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
4.3 *1,073,741,824 = 4,617,089,843.2
4,617,089,843.2/524,288,000 = 8.8064
Answer: Approximately 9 files
8. 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
800 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 838,860,800 bytes in 800 MB

1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
3 *1,073,741,824 = 3,221,225,472
3,221,225,472/838,860,800= 3.84
Answer: Approximately 4 files

1 KB = 1, 024 Bytes
9. 25 KB * 1,024 bytes = 25,600 bytes in 25 KB file

1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
4.7 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 4,928,307.2 bytes in 4.7 MB

4,928,307.2 /25,600=192.5
Answer: Approximately 193 files

10. 1 KB = 1, 024 Bytes

8 KB * 1,024 bytes = 8,192 bytes in 8 KB file

1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
5 MB * 1,048,576 bytes = 5,242,880 bytes in 5 MB

5,242,880 /8,192=640
Answer: Approximately 640 files

Post Test:
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. D
10. A
Assignment:

1. 23

Solutions:

1 0 1 1 1
16 8 4 2 1
16 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 23

2. 43
Solutions:

1 0 1 0 1 1
32 16 8 4 2 1
32 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 43

3. 89
Solutions:

1 0 1 1 0 0 1
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
64 + 16 + 8 + 1 = 89

4. 19
Solutions:

1 0 0 1 1
16 8 4 2 1
16 + 2 + 1 = 19
5. 7
Solutions:

1 1 1
4 2 1
4+2+1=7
6. 77
Solutions:

1 0 0 1 1 0 1
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
64 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 77
 7. 41
Solutions:

1 0 1 0 0 1
32 16 8 4 2 1
32 + 8 + 1 = 41

8. 111
Solutions:

1 1 0 1 1 1 1
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
64 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 111

9. 61
Solutions:

1 1 1 1 0 1
32 16 8 4 2 1
32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 61

10. 35
Solutions:

1 0 0 0 1 1
32 16 8 4 2 1
32 + 2 + 1 = 35
 References:

Book/s:
❖ K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module
G7/8

Online Resources:
❖ https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/ascii.htm
❖ https://m.indiamart.com/StorageDevice,PCStorageDevice
 Introduction
Welcome to the world of Computer System Servicing, one of the exploratory course offers
in Technology and Livelihood Education.

It is a course designed for high school students like you to develop knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values in the performance of Computer System Servicing tasks

The focus of this module is Lesson 3 which is Performing Measurements and Calculation.
Lesson 3 is consists of three (3) Learning outcomes: Selecting Measuring Instruments, Carrying
out Measurements & Calculations, and Maintaining Measuring Instruments.

This module contains the following:

Pre-Test Determines your prior learning about the learning competencies.

Vocabulary List Serves as a guide for you to understand the terms used in this module.

Learning Activities: Provides you with meaningful knowledge and skills that will help you to
engage with and develop your skills, knowledge, and understanding of
these competencies.

Practice Task 1: Contains the Trial Round Test.

Practice Task 2 Contains the Challenger Round Test.

Practice Task 3 Contains the Expert Round Test.

Assignment Offers additional activities to reinforce your learning.

Post Test Determines your learning after the lesson.

References List the sources of information.

Answer Key Provides the answer key in every practice task.

This module is designed to prepare you by providing hands-on activities that you can enjoy
to accomplish even at your home. The requirement is to master the competencies before you can
proceed to the next lesson.

Enjoy and have a fun and meaningful experience in taking this course!
 Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:

1. Ensure proper handling of measuring instruments to avoid damage and clean it

before and after using.

Vocabulary List:

Precision Instrument – is an instrument or tool which is used for tasks which are precise
or exact in nature.

Overload – is a demand on an instrument/tool that exceeds its capacity.

Circuit – a path between two or more points along which an electrical current can be
carried.

Electrical Shock – is a dangerous and painful physiological effect caused by the passing
of an electric current through the body.
 Pre-test:

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. The multimeter is a sensitive piece of electronic test equipment.

2. In using Cable Tester, you can ground yourself when taking measurements.
3. To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose the cable to rain or moisture.
4. If the power supply fan is spinning then the power supply is working.
5. Store the multimeter in a dry place to avoid physical damage

Learning Activities:

Proper Handling of Measuring Instruments

A computer technician needs to have an accurate measuring

instruments/equipment. If the equipment is used incorrectly or is faulty, then the
measurements will be inaccurate. If the measurements are inaccurate, the technician will
draw the wrong conclusions. To avoid inaccurate readings, measuring instruments must
be handle, use, and store properly.

Safety Tips for Proper Handling of Measuring Instruments

When using a measuring tool, it doesn’t have the protection of its case or storage
space, so it’s especially crucial to handle it carefully. Take care to avoid sudden shocks
or rough treatment such as dropping, throwing or banging the device against hard
surfaces. Placing rubber mats in workspaces can help protect tools from damage should
someone accidentally drop them.

Avoid setting it on hot or cold sources and keep it away from sources of cold air or
heat. Throughout the entire process of using the instrument, be careful to keep it at the
proper temperature.

Training is vital for ensuring the proper handling of measuring equipment at all times.
 Safety Tips for Cleaning of Measuring Tools

Another essential aspect of measuring tools maintenance is keeping the

instruments clean. There are different cleaning recommendations for different types of
measuring tools. Be sure to follow the guidelines for the specific tools to ensure thoroughly
clean them and avoid damaging them. Conscientiously cleaning the devices is crucial,
as any residue that remains on the device may impact the accuracy of your
measurements. The following are general cleaning tips:

• Not leaving measuring instruments in contact with dirt or oil for long periods, as oils
can cause corrosion.
• Avoiding touching gages with bare hands, as skin oils can be damaging.
• Using a soft, non-abrasive cloth to clean the instruments and ensuring the cloth is
clean before using it.

Safe Use of Measuring Tools

Use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come with
detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and Don’ts‖
for your safety. If there are set-up/use options, operator judgment must always be based
on what is the safest way to use the tool.

Safe Handling and Use of a Multimeter:

Precautions:
1. The multimeter is a sensitive piece of electronic test equipment. Do not drop it or
handle it carelessly.
2. Be careful not to accidentally nick or cut the red or black wire leads, called probes.
Extra care should be taken to avoid electrical shock.
3. Do not overload. Use a high range that will not overload.
4. Do not tamper with precision instruments. A competent instrument repair person
service precision instrument.
5. Before connect the meter to a circuit, ensure that the range switch is set to an
appropriate position.
6. Check circuit connections before applying power to meters.
7. Do not touch any other electronic components within the equipment.
8. Do not touch the probe tips to each other while connected to anything else.
9. Never switch settings (i.e voltage to current) while the probes are connected to
circuit.
10. Store the multimeter in a dry place to avoid physical damage.
Procedures:
1. Insert the red and black leads into the proper jacks on the meter.
2. The black probe should for in the COM jack and the red probe should go in the +
(plus) jack.
3. Turn on the multimeter. Click or turn to the on button.
4. Switch or turn to different measurements i.e. voltage and ohms.
5. Switch or turn the multimeter to the voltage measurement.
6. Put the tip of the red, positive lead on the positive side of a battery. Put the tip of
the black negative lead on the other end of the battery.

Safe Handling and Use of a Power Supply Tester:

1. For safety, first turn off the power supply by setting the I/O switch on back panel to the
“O” stand.
2. Unplug the AC power cord from the power supply.
3. Disconnect all peripherals and devices from the power supply.
4. Plug the AC power cord back into the power supply and make sure that the AC power
is coming directly from the wall outlet (do not use power strips, extension cables or
splitters)
5. Before start testing, connect both the 18-pin and 10-pin connectors of the motherboard
cable to the power supply.
6. Attach the Power Supply Tester to the end of the 24-pin motherboard connector.
There is a notch on the Tester that fits directly into the notch on the 24-pin connector.
7. Make sure that the fan control switch on the power supply is set to Normal Mode
(S2FC) (In Hybrid or Fanless Mode (S3FC) the fan will not turn.)
8. Turn on the power supply by setting the I/O switch to the “I” position.
9. If the power supply fan is spinning then the power supply is working.

Safe Handling and Use of a Cable Tester:

Precautions:
1. Do not use on live circuits. These voltage levels pose a potential shock hazard to
the user.
2. To avoid electrical shock hazard, observe the proper safety precautions when
working with voltages above 60VDC or 30 VAC rms.
3. Never ground yourself when taking measurements.
4. Do not operate the instrument in an explosive atmosphere.
5. To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this product to rain or
moisture.
Procedures:
1. Select the cable to be tested and make sure it is not plugged to any electrical power
and free of any packaging or tangled with other cables, to prevent false reading.
2. Visually inspect the cable for damage. If cable is broken or torn it should be replaced.
3. Plug the network cable into the appropriate port on the cable tester, and then connect
the other end of the cable to the remote.
4. Switch the tester on to test your cable. The tester will show results, and if applicable,
will indicate what the potential problem is.

Practice Task 1:

Directions: Complete the sentence by choosing the correct WORD inside the box. Write
your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

measurements connect circuits plug cables

disconnect unplug installations dry place closed place

 Practice Task 2:

Directions: Identify where does the following precautions given below belongs,
Multimeter, Cable Tester or Power Supply Tester? Choose the letter only. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.

A. Be careful not to accidentally nick or cut the red or black wire leads, called probes.
B. Disconnect all peripherals and devices attached to it.
C. Do not use on live circuits.
D. Make sure that the fan control switch is set to Normal Mode (S 2FC)
E. Do not overload. Use a high range that will not overload.
F. Never ground yourself when taking measurements.
G. Before connect to a circuit, ensure that the range switch is set to an appropriate
position.
H. Do not touch any other electronic components within the equipment.
I. Do not operate the instrument in an explosive atmosphere.
J. Turn on the power supply by setting the I/O switch to the “I” position.
K. If the fan is spinning then it is working.
 Practice Task 3:

Directions: Continue the statement in the box below by explaining why you need to follow
proper handling of measuring instruments. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.

I need to follow proper handling of measuring instruments/tools because

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Your output will be rated using this rubric:

SCORE CRITERIA
The output showed outstanding skills in writing and making appropriate
5
and correct statements for the given situations.
The output showed very good skills in writing and making appropriate
4
and correct statements for the given situations.
The output showed good skills in writing and making appropriate and
3
correct statements but not suited to the given situation.
The output was poorly done with erasures and is irrelevant to the given
2
situation
1 The student did not answer/perform the task.

Post Test:

Direction: Arrange the following steps in chronological order. Write A-D on the space
provided.

A. Safe Handling and Use of a Multimeter

__________ 1. Put the tip of the red, positive lead on the positive side of a battery. Put
the tip of the black negative lead on the other end of the battery.
__________ 2. Switch or turn to different measurements i.e voltage and ohms.
__________ 3. Insert the red and black leads into the proper jacks on the meter.
__________ 4. Switch or turn the multimeter to the voltage measurement.
__________ 5. Turn on the multimeter. Click or turn to the on button.
B. Safe Handling and Use of a Cable Tester

__________1. Switch the tester on to test your cable. The tester will show results, and if
applicable, will indicate what the potential problem is.
__________2. Visually inspect the cable for damage. If cable is broken or torn it should
be replaced.
__________3. Select the cable to be tested and make sure it is not plugged to any
electrical power and free of any packaging or tangled with other cables,
to prevent false reading.
__________4. Plug the network cable into the appropriate port on the cable tester, and
then connect the other end of the cable to the remote.

Assignment:

1. What other precautions or safety measures can you suggest in proper

handling of Multimeter, Power Supply Tester, and Cable Tester.

Your output will be rated using this rubric:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
EXCELLENT VERY GOOD GOOD POOR
The learner The learner The learner The learner did
Answering answered the answered the answered not
questions question correctly, question incorrectly answer/perform
correctly completely and well correctly but the task.
explained. incomplete.
The learner submits The learner The learner The learner did
Documentation a well presented submits submits not submit
output. his/her output. his/her output his/her output.
after due date.
 Answer Key:

Pre-Test:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True

Practice Task 1:
1. Unplug
2. Measurements
3. Dry place
4. Circuits
5. Disconnect

Practice Task 2:
Practice Task 3:

Use the rubric.

SCORE CRITERIA
The output showed outstanding skills in writing and making
5
appropriate and correct statements for the given situations.
The output showed very good skills in writing and making appropriate
4
and correct statements for the given situations.
The output showed good skills in writing and making appropriate and
3
correct statements but not suited to the given situation.
The output was poorly done with erasures and is irrelevant to the
2
given situation
1 The student did not answer/perform the task.

Post Test:
A. Safe Handling and Use of a Multimeter

_____F____ 1. Put the tip of the red, positive lead on the positive side of a battery. Put
the tip of the black negative lead on the other end of the battery.
_____C____ 2. Switch or turn to different measurements i.e voltage and ohms.

_____A____ 3. Insert the red and black leads into the proper jacks on the meter.

_____D_____ 4. Switch or turn the multimeter to the voltage measurement.

_____B____ 5. Turn on the multimeter. Click or turn to the on button.

B. Safe Handling and Use of a Cable Tester

_____D_____1. Switch the tester on to test your cable. The tester will show results, and
if applicable, will indicate what the potential problem is.

_____B_____2. Visually inspect the cable for damage. If cable is broken or torn it should
be replaced.

_____A_____3. Select the cable to be tested and make sure it is not plugged to any
electrical power and free of any packaging or tangled with other cables, to prevent false
reading.
_____C____4. Plug the network cable into the appropriate port on the cable tester, and
then connect the other end of the cable to the remote.
 References:

Online Resources:
❖ https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/multimeters101/chapter/1-1-use-and-
storage-of-multimeters/
❖ https://www.lifewire.com/test-a-power-supply-using-a-power-supply-tester-2626160
❖ https://knowledge.seasonic.com/article/13-how-to-use-the-psu-tester
❖ http://blog.tektel.com/using-a-cable-tester/
❖ https://dengarden.com/home-improvement/Using-a-Multimeter
❖ http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/overload.html
❖ https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/precision-instrument
❖ https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/electric-shock
❖ www.TestEquipmentDepot.com/LANCableTester
❖ https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-a-circuit/all
❖ https://www.micronpa.com/blog/proper-care-maintenance-measuring-tools/
❖ CISCO Networking Academy Program/ Safe Handling and Use of a Multimeter