I.

Module 3 – Performing Computer Operations

Welcome to this Self-Learning Module. In this learning material, you

have find out what you already know by taking the pre-test, then you are
tasked to study the learning activities and perform the various practice tasks
1, 2 and 3. After studying and performing the practice tasks you may take the
post- test to determine the knowledge and skills you gained from this lesson.
You have to accomplish your assignment found in this module and you must
be able to apply what you have learned in another activity or in real life
situation.

In this lesson, you will learn about the fundamental elements of

computers, its parts and their uses. You can input and store data into the
computer in different locations and even in storage devices. Perform work
ergonomics in order to ensure safety of the computer users. Good luck!

II. Objective

At the end of the module, the learner should be able to:

1. Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken;
2. Input and store data into computer.

III. Vocabulary List

Computer System - The complete computer made up of the CPU,

memory and related electronics (main cabinet), all the peripheral devices
connected to it and its operating system.

Graphical User Interface - A graphics-based user interface that

incorporates movable windows, icons and a mouse.

Hardware - is the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts

of a computer which is composed of different devices attached to it.

Input Devices - is composed of a device that accepts data and

instructions from the user or from another computer system.

Keyboard - first input device developed for the PC and used for typing
words and letters.

Motherboard - it is the main printed circuit board in an electronic

device, which contains sockets that accept additional boards.

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 Operating System - The master control program that runs the
computer. The first program loaded when the computer is turned on. The
operating system sets the standards for all application programs that run in
the computer.

Output devices - is any piece of computer hardware that displays

results after the computer has processed the input data that has been
entered.

Peripheral -Any hardware device connected to a computer, such as a

monitor, keyboard, printer, disk, tape, graphics tablet, scanner, joy stick,
paddle or mouse.

Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Software - is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides

the hardware to operate effectively.

Storage Devices - is any apparatus for recording computer data in a

permanent or semi-permanent form.

IV. Pre-Test

Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What type of computer is intended to be used on a single location and are

widely popular for daily use in the workplace and households?
a. Desktop Computer c. PDAs
b. Server Computers d. Wearable Computer

2. Which is not an operating System?

a. Microsoft Windows c. Unix
b. MS-DOS d. Microsoft Office

3. What is the first software that run after opening the computer?
a. Application Software c. Operating Software
b. Programming Languages d. Database Software

4. It is the on-screen symbol showing the current position of the mouse.

a. cursor b. icons c. arrow d. buttons

5. It is displays at the bottom of the screen where in you can switch among
currently running programs.
a. Task pane b. task bar c. menu bar d. title bar

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V. Learning Activities

Read Information Sheet 1

OHS GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a planned system of working

to prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying
hazards and risks.
Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the
computer and technology industries. You must identify the hazards where you are
working and decide how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk
that it presents.
Each student has a responsibility to their colleagues and their organization to
report and act upon any potential workplace hazard. Students need to be aware of
the type of hazards that are possibly present in their work environment.

Procedure
1. Identify the hazard
2. Clear the area close to the hazard
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from
harm
4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so
If not…
5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person (such as teacher in charge,
principal etc.) to obtain assistance
6. Following clearing of the hazard fill out the correct documentation to assist in
identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of hazards.

Read Information Sheet 2

UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER

A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to

the computer technology, we were able to achieve storage and processing of
huge amounts of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer memory
capacities for storing information. Due to computers, we have been able to speed
up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve accuracy and precision
in work. Computers of the earlier years were of the size of a large room and were

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required to consume huge amounts of electric power. However, with the
advancing technology, computers have shrunk to the size of a small watch.
Depending on the processing power and size of computers, they have been
classified under various types. Let us look at the classification of computers.
If you use a desktop computer, you might already know that there isn't
any single part called the "computer." A computer is really a system of many
parts working together. The physical parts, which you can see and touch, are
collectively called hardware. (Software, on the other hand, refers to the
instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do.)

The illustration below shows the most common hardware in a desktop

computer system. Your system may look a little different, but it probably has
most of these parts. A laptop computer has similar parts but combines them
into a single notebook-sized package.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized

as analog, digital and hybrid computers.

Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different
from a digital computer because an analog computer can perform several
mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for
mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.

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 Figure1. Different Types of Computer

Digital Computers: They use digital circuits and are designed to operate
on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are analogous to states ON and
OFF. Data on these computers is represented as a series of 0s and 1s.
Digital computers are suitable for complex computation and have higher
processing speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either
general purpose computers or special purpose ones. Special purpose
computers, as their name suggests, are designed for specific types of data
processing while general purpose computers are meant for general use.

Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and

analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform
process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

The following are the classification of the different types of computers based
on their sizes and functionalities:

Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly

critical applications such as bulk data processing and ERP. Most of the
mainframe computers have the capacities to host multiple operating
systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute
for several small servers.

Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers

lie in between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also

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 called mid-range systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly
used in the 1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers.

Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to client

machines in a computer network. They have larger storage capacities and
powerful processors. Running on them are programs that serve client
requests and allocate resources like memory and time to client machines.
Usually they are very large in size, as they have large processors and
many hard drives. They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash.

Figure2. Classification of Computer

Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively

performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics,
weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of
supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing and their well-designed
memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing
powers.

Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central

processing unit it is known as a microcomputer. They do not occupy space as
much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse,
microcomputers can be called personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard and
other similar input output devices, computer memory in the form of RAM and a
power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These computers can
fit on desks or tables and prove to be the best choice for single-user tasks.

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 Personal computers come in different forms such as desktops, laptops
and personal digital assistants (refer to Figure 3). Let us look at each of these
types of computers.

Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The

spare parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relatively lower
costs. Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are
widely popular for daily use in the workplace and households.

Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are

miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery
or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries.

Netbooks: They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and
relatively smaller in size. They had a smaller feature set and lesser
capacities in comparison to regular laptops, at the time they came into the
market.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and

popularly known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for
storage of data. PDAs can also be used as portable audio players, web
browsers and smart phones. Most of them can access the Internet by
means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication.

Figure3. Types of Personal Computer

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 Tablet Computers: Tablets are mobile computers that are very handy to
use. They use the touch screen technology. Tablets come with an
onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or a digital pen. Apple's iPod redefined
the class of tablet computers.

Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers

was the creation of wearable computers. These computers can be worn on
the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human
health. Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable
computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the
users' hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable
computers are of great help in tracking human actions. Wearable
computers do not have to be turned on and off and remain in operation
without user intervention.

Read Information Sheet 3

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Hardware is the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical

parts of a computer which is composed of different devices attached to it.

The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most

Personal Computers.

1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called

the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor,
Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.

Figure4 . Tower Type System Unit

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 2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board
of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the
computer.

Figure5. Modern Motherboard

3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain”

or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through a
computer.

Figure6. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)

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 4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is
the computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for
processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to
secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM
chips.

TWO (2) TYPES OF MEMORY

a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds

data even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.

Figure 7. Examples of RAM

5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between

several hardware components inside or outside a
computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU to
each other, but also links the CPU with other important
hardware.

Figure 8. Expansion Bus

6. Adapters- Printed-circuit
boards (also called interface
cards) that enable the computer
to use a peripheral device for

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 which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit
boards. They are often used to permit upgrading to a new
different hardware.

Figure 9. Adapter (Network Adapter)

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

- Installed in the back corner of
the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 120vac
(standard house power) into DC
voltages that are used by other
components in the PC.
Figure10. Power supply

8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as

hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that
is installed inside the computer. The hard
drive is used as permanent storage for data.
In a Windows computer, the hard drive is
usually configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and
applications. Figure 11 .Hard Disk

9. Optical Drive- An
optical drive is a storage
device that uses lasers to
read data on the optical
media. There are three
types of optical drives:
Compact Disc (CD), Digital
Versatile Disc (DVD) and
Blu-ray Disc (BD).

Figure12. Optical Drive

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PERIPHERAL DEVICES

A computer peripheral is a device that is connected to a computer but

is not part of the core computer architecture.

A. Input Devices
B. Output Devices
C. Storage Devices

A. INPUT DEVICES

Input Device is composed of a device that accepts data and instructions

from the user or from another computer system.

Two (2) Types of Input Devices

1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.

Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is
transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din
connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.

Figure14. Keyboard

2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-
readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the
computer’s CPU.

Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to

move the pointer (cursor) on screen.
• Mouse - The most common 'pointing
device' used in PCs. Every mouse has
two buttons and most have one or two
scroll wheels.

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 Figure15. Mouse

• Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of

a finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail pointof-sale terminals, car navigation and
industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for
smart phones and tablets.

Figure16. Touch Screen Devices

• Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal

used to draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings
the pen to the desired point on screen and presses the pen
button to make contact.

F
i
Figure17. Light Pen

• Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching

new images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet,"
the user contacts the surface of the device with a wired or
wireless pen or puck. Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck
is officially the "tablet cursor."

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 Figure18. Digitizer Tablet

2. Scanning Devices- A device that can

read text or illustrations printed on paper
and translates the information into a form
the computer can use.

Figure 19. Scanner

Figure20. Bar Code Reader

3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or

voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio
input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the computer
in order to record a voice message or navigate software.

Figure 21 . Microphones

B. OUTPUT DEVICES

Output device is any piece of computer hardware that displays results

after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.

1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using

text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the
information is called the screen or video display terminal.

Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of
displays for use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16"
deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

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 Figure22. Types of Monitor

b. LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been

used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made commercially
available as monitors for desktop PCs.

c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology

used in almost every electrical and electronic product on the market,
from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and
perimeter lighting.

2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of

polarizing material with a liquid crystal
solution between them. An electric current
passed through the liquid causes the crystals
to align so that light cannot pass through
them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter,
either allowing light to pass through or
blocking the light.
Figure23. Projector

3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive

transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.

Figure24. Smart Board

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 4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Types of Printer

a) Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet

printers produce high-quality text and graphics.

b) Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser

printers produce very high quality text and graphics.

c) LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals
or lightemitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the
drum.

Figure 28. Types of Printer

a) Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire

line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.

(e) Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated

pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in
calculators and fax machines.

5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into

the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow
you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your
computer.

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Figure 29.Speaker

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 C. STORAGE DEVICES

Aside from the devices attached on a PC, there are also the so called storage
devices that perform a special task in computing system. Storage device is any
apparatus for recording computer data in a permanent or semi-permanent form.

TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES

Floppy diskette- is a random access, removable data storage medium that

can be used with personal computers. The term usually refers to the
magnetic medium housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches
square and about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can
store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.

Figure 30. Storage Devices

Compact disc (CD) – also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic, polished

metal disk used to store digital information. The disc is read by the CD-
ROM.

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)- an optical disc technology with a 4.7

gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk, which is
enough for a 133-minute movie.

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 Jump drive and USB flash drive- is a plug-and-play portable storage
device that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key
chain. A USB drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or
CD.

Hard drive- is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer. The operating system, software titles and most other files are
stored in the hard disk drive.

LS-120- is a drive which supports a special floppy diskette which can store
up to 120MB of information as well as being backwards compatible and still
supporting the standard 1.44MB floppy diskettes.

Zip drive-is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing up and
archiving personal computer files.

Read Information Sheet 4

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the system

that runs your computer and different devices attached to it. Each device plays an
important role without each other computer system will not work properly.

Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides

the hardware to operate effectively. Software provides the commands that tell
the hardware what task to perform, what to read and what to write, how to
send the end result or (the output) to a monitor or printer.

Types of Software
1. Operating System
2. Application Software
3. Programming Languages

1. OPERATING SYSTEM

The operating system is the

most important program that runs
on a computer. Every general-
purpose computer must have an

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 operating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic
tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the
display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

For large systems, the operating system has even greater

responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic cop -- it makes sure that
different program and users running at the same time do not interfere with
each other. The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring
that unauthorized users do not access the system.

Examples of Operating System:

 Windows
 the Macintosh OS
 DOS,
 OS/2
 UNIX.

2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Application Software are designed to help the user to perform

singular or multiple related tasks.

Examples of application software:

a. Word Processing Software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents.
Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.

b. Spreadsheet Software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and

columns is used to present and analyze data.
Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.

c. Database Management Software - Used to structure a database, a large collection

of computer programs. Data is organized as fields and records for easy retrieval.
Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.

d. Graphic Software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for

easier analysis and presentation.
Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe
Photoshop

e. Presentation Software – used to create beautiful transitioned slides and animated

text and images used for presenting a particular presentation.
Example: MS Powerpoint, Lotus, Prezi

f. Web Browsers – used to access internet using the Word Wide Web (WWW)
Example: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Google Chrome

g. Media Player – used to play audio and video in any format.

Example: Windows Media Player, VLC, GOM Player, Winamp

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3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Programming Languages are used to create all other software

whether it is Operating System (OS) or Application Software.
Example: Visual Basic, Java, Delphi, C++, PHP

Read Information Sheet 5

WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE

Microsoft Word Application can create, edits, saves, and prints

documents.

Steps in Opening MS Word 2016 Application

1. Click Start
2. Scroll down the scroll bar or Type Word 2016 in the Search bar beside the
start button.
3. Click Word 2016

Or
1. Click the in the task bar or double click the icon on your desktop.

Part of MS Word 2016

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 VERTICAL
RULER

After opening the MS Word Application, encode/type the following:

 Type your name
 Grade and Section
 Your Address
 Birthday

Steps in Saving your MS Word Document in Documents

1. Click File
2. Click Save As
3. Click Browse
4. Click Documents
5. Type the file name
6. Click Save

Steps in Saving your MS Word Document in a Flashdrive

1. Click File
2. Click Save As
3. Click Browse
4. Choose/Click name of the flashdrive
5. Type the file name
6. Click Save

Shortcut Method in saving MS Word Documents:

1. Ctrl + S

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 2. Choose the location where to save (either documents, desktop or flashdrive)
3. Type the file name
4. Click Save

Steps in Renaming the MS Word Document

1. Right Click the previously saved MS Word document
2. Click Rename
3. Type the new name of the Document

Read Information Sheet 6

COMPUTER WORKSTATION ERGONOMICS

There are various health problems associated with the regular use of
computers, such as stress, eyestrain, and injuries to the wrists, neck, and back.
Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work involves the regular
use of computers.

Computer ergonomics is the discipline of matching the task to the

worker using the most appropriate equipment to optimize human well-being
and overall performance. This can be simplified to ―Modify the workplace,
not the individual".

Consideration should be given to:

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 • The accessories required to operate properly

• The layout of equipment on the desk

• The location of furniture in the room

Work surface height

Adjust the height of the work surface and/or the height of the chair so
that the work surface allows your elbows to be bent at 90 degrees, forearms
parallel with the floor, wrist straight, shoulders relaxed.

Chair
Computer Workplace
Adjust the seat tilt so that you are
comfortable when you are working on the
keyboard. Usually, this will be close to
horizontal but some people prefer the seat
tilted slightly forwards. Your knees should be
bent at a comfortable angle and greater than
90 degrees flexion. If this places an
uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or if
the feet do not reach the floor, then a footrest
should be used. The footrest height must allow
your knees to be bent at 90 degrees.
Therefore, the height of the footrest may need
to be adjustable. Adjust the backrest so that it
supports the lower back when you are sitting upright.

Keyboard placement

Place the keyboard in a position that

allows the forearms to be close to the
horizontal and the wrists to be straight. That is,
with the hand in line with the forearm. If this
causes the elbows to be held far out from the
side of the body, then re-check the work
surface height. Some people prefer to have

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 their wrists supported on a wrist desk or the desk. Be careful not to have the
wrist extended or bent in an up position.

Screen placement

Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily
focus on the screen. Usually, this will be within an arm's length. Set the height
of the monitor so that the top of the screen is below eye level and the bottom
of the screen can be read without a marked inclination of the head. Usually,
this means that the center of the screen will need to be near shoulder height.
Eyes must be level with the tool bar. People who wear bifocal or multi-focal
lenses will need to get a balance between where they see out of their lenses
and avoid too much neck flexion.

Desk-top layout

Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach of both hands
so that there is no unnecessary twisting of any part of the body. Most people prefer
the document holder to be between the keyboard and the monitor. There are many
different types of document holders available.

Document holder

Place this close to the monitor screen in the position that causes the
least twisting or inclination of the head.

Posture and environment

Change posture at frequent

intervals to minimize fatigue. Avoid
awkward postures at the extremes of
the joint range, especially the wrists.
Take frequent short rest breaks rather
than infrequent longer ones. Avoid
sharp increases in work rate. Changes
should be gradual enough to ensure
that the workload does not result in
excessive fatigue. After prolonged
absences from work the overall
Bad Posture

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 duration of periods of keyboard work should be increased gradually if
conditions permit.

Lighting

Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s, not directly underneath. Try
to site desks between rows of lights. If the lighting is fluorescent strip lighting, the
sides of the desks should be parallel with the lights. Try not to put the screen near a
window. If it is unavoidable, ensure that neither the screen nor the operator faces the
window. The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz.

If the monitor is well away from windows, there are no other sources of
bright light and prolonged desk-work is the norm, use a low level of service
light of 300 lux. If there are strongly contrasting light levels, then a moderate
level of lighting of 400 - 500 lux may be desirable.

Glare and reflection

It is important to detect the presence of glare and reflection. To determine

whether there is glare from overhead lights whilst seated worker should hold an
object such as a book above the eyes at eyebrow level and establish whether the
screen image becomes clearer in the absence of
overhead glare. To detect whether there are reflections
from the desk surface, the worker should hold the book
above the surface and assess the change in reflected
glare from the screen.

Using a mouse

A well-designed mouse should not cause

undue pressure on the wrist and forearm muscles.
A large bulky mouse may keep the wrist
continuously bent at an uncomfortable angle.
Pressure can be reduced by releasing the mouse
at frequent intervals, by selecting a slim-line, low-
profile mouse. Keep the mouse as close as possible to the keyboard, elbow
bent and close to the body.

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Posture during Keying

Good posture is essential for all users of computers. It comprises of a natural

and relaxed position, providing opportunity for movement, and from which the
operator can assume a number of alternative positions. It is not a single, rigidly
defined position.

Good Posture

Typing technique

Typing is a physical activity, and using a keyboard requires skill, hence

the need to learn correct typing technique. Unskilled ('hunt and peck') typists
are particularly at risk of Occupational Overuse Injury because they:

 often use only one or two fingers which may overload the finger tendons;

 are constantly looking from keyboard to screen to keyboard, which may strain
neck muscles;

 often adopt a tense posture (wrists bent back and fingers 'poised to strike').

Speed of keying

The efficiency and speed of modern computers makes it possible for a

skilled operator to type extremely quickly. This capability, reinforced by
workload pressures means the potential exists for operators to key at speeds
which may cause or contribute to Occupational Overuse Syndrome.

The role of the repetitive movement in injury is not fully understood, but
is believed to interfere with the lubrication capacity of tendons, and the ability
of muscles to receive sufficient oxygen supplies. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes
per hour is considered an acceptable standard.

Length of time on the keyboard

The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and

increases the likelihood of muscular aches and pains. In addition, long

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 periods of repetitive movement and sustained visual attention can also give
rise to fatigue-related complaints.

It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours

a day on keyboard duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a
postural/stretching break.

POINTS TO REMEMBER

Computers –Ergonomic Guidelines

 Viewing distance: The monitor should be 2 –2½ feet from the

child’s eyes.

 Time at computer: Encourage children to use their physical

energy.

 Seat and height posture: The child should sit

high enough to
have his arms bent at 90°.

 Footrest: Use it prevent dangling feet.

 Mouse: Find one that fits small hands.

 Keyboard: Child-sized keyboards with light pressure keying are

recommended.

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VI. Practice Tasks

Practice Task 1

Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer devices and
determine whether it belongs to INPUT, OUTPUT or STORAGE DEVICE.

REVEAL THE PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

C G M M Q F Y L W K C P A H K H G C N H
P O R K I R X N A A O A U A K B M P H U
Z A M Z W G W P X W A F V R Q V X U M Y
Q U I P R Y P T E X V I R D B W A O R B
I R T B A R S R U Y L G R D V J B O C U
A O N R D C S G S I L N H I Q S M I L X
C U H L Q U T Z G D C J F S E E J K O U
N H X S P U P D A K O Z X K M T Y U Z S
G H L P F H G P I Z T A F D O U U F T R
A S L W W T R A O S Q F A R E H B G M O
R Y B E A E M J I X K P I I X E C F H T
E S A C M E T S Y S D D E V W T I D V I
K W M I Q K K I S I O R R E I L D F F N
L E I O M E H Y A S K S A I I D G Z K O
M Q U N D H M R W O Q U H O V K T M J M
W P T H E R M K Z W J U B J B E A P Q Z
K Z Z M L H M O U S E C K Y C Y V Y S D
Y B Y V X E W P L Q Q Y O V N H E Z H D
R N F H T U B U G L S N P F J W N K N J
M J G N Y H V J D U G F L U X O M K D A
1. ________________________ ______________________
2. ________________________ ______________________

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 3. ________________________ ______________________
4. ________________________ ______________________
5. ________________________ ______________________
6. ________________________ ______________________
7. ________________________ ______________________
8. ________________________ ______________________
9. ________________________ ______________________
10. ________________________ ______________________

B. Matching Type. Match column A with Column B and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Practice Task 3

Practice Task 2

Practice Task 2

A. Direction: Below is the illustration that shows the common hardware in a

desktop computer. Label each part of the illustration. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

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 B. Direction: Below is the illustration that shows environment of MS Word 2016
Label the different parts of MS Word 2016. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

10
2 1

9
7

7
4

8 6

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 Practice Task 3

Direction: Perform the following computer task.

Task 5 4 3 2 1
Excellent Very Good Fair Poor
Good
Open/Turn On Computer
Open MS Word 2016 then Type your
Name, Grade and Section, Address
and Birthday on MS Word 2016
Save the MS Word Document
(Filename: CSS-Complete Name)
Follow proper computer ergonomics
Turn Off/Shutdown Computer
Total Score

Interpretation of Score
25-21 – Excellent
20-16 – Very Good
15-11 – Good
10-6 – Fair
5-1 – Poor

VII. Post Test

Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is an electronic device that can perform a variety of operations in

accordance with a set of instruction called program.
a. Cellphone b. Tablet c. Computer d. Netbook
2. This is considered as the heart and brain of a computer.
a. Monitor b. Mouse c. CPU d. Motherboard
3. What is the largest board of a computer system that connects all other
components?
a. Hard drive b. Motherboard c. Memory Card d.Expansion Slot
4. These are the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a
computer system.
a. software b. hardware c. peopleware d. System Unit
5. What is the first software that run after opening the computer?
a. Application Software c. Operating Software
b. Programming Languages d. Database Software
6. Which of the following is not a storage device?

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 a. HDD b. CPU c. CD/DVD d. Flash Drive
7. The primary goal of Occupational Health is about:
a. Protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work
b. Protecting co-workers, family members employers, suppliers, nearby communities
and other members of the public who are influenced by the workplace environment
c. Protecting the natural environment
d. None of the above.
8. Which of the following is not an application software?
a. MS Word b. Google Chrome c. Windows d. Adobe
Photoshop
9. What mouse action you will perform to open an program on your desktop?
a. Click b. Hover c. Double-Click d. Right Click
st
10. In saving a document for the 1 time, what will you select after clicking the tab
File?
a. New b. Open c. Save d. Save As

VIII. Assignment

Complete the table below by providing the Computer Peripherals.

Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.

IX. Answer Key

Pre-Test
1. a
2. d
3. c
4. a
5. b

Practice Task 1
A. Note: Answer may vary.

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B.
1. c 6. d
2. a 7. h
3. k 8. l
4. m 9. i
5. g 10. f

Practice Task 2
A.
1. Monitor
2. Modem
3. System Unit
4. Mouse
5. Speaker
6. Printer
7. Keyboard

B.
1. Title Bar 6. View Button
2. Quick Access Toolbar 7. Scrollbar
3. Zoom In/Out Bar 8. Status Bar
4. Vertical Ruler 9. Menu Group
5. Tab Menu 10. Windows Close, Restore/Maximize
and Close

Practice Task 3 – Please refer to scoring rubrics.

Post Test
1. c 6. b
2. c 7. a
3. b 8. c
4. b 9. c
5. c 10. d

References:
 Technology and Livelihood Education (Information and Communication
Technology Learners Material) Computer Hardware Servicing
Owen M. Milambiling, Cesar T. Arriola, Dante B. Bermas, Ronaldo V. Ramilo,
Rosalie P. Lujero, Diana Marie B. Dagli, Dr. Virgilio O. Guevarra, and Maria
Angelica G. Mates

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