PROSPERO

International prospective register of systematic reviews

Animal review

This record cannot be edited because it has been marked as out of scope

1. * Review title.
Give the working title of the review. This must be in English. The title should have the interventions or
exposures being reviewed and the associated health or social problems.

Signaling and inflammatory pathways in gut microbiome-targeted interventions in Parkinson’s disease

animal models - a systematic review

2. Original language title.

For reviews in languages other than English, this field should be used to enter the title in the language of the
review. This will be displayed together with the English language title.

3. * Anticipated or actual start date.

Give the date when the systematic review commenced, or is expected to commence.
01/10/2023

4. * Anticipated completion date.

Give the date by which the review is expected to be completed.
01/02/2024

5. * Stage of review at time of this submission.

Indicate the stage of progress of the review by ticking the relevant Started and Completed boxes. Additional
information may be added in the free text box provided.

Please note: Reviews that have progressed beyond the point of completing data extraction at the time of
initial registration are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. Should evidence of incorrect status and/or
completion date being supplied at the time of submission come to light, the content of the PROSPERO
record will be removed leaving only the title and named contact details and a statement that inaccuracies in
the stage of the review date had been identified.

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International prospective register of systematic reviews

This field should be updated when any amendments are made to a published record and on completion and
publication of the review.

The review has not yet started: No

Review stage Started Completed

Preliminary searches Yes Yes

Piloting of the study selection process Yes No

Formal screening of search results against eligibility criteria No No

Data extraction No No

Risk of bias (quality) assessment No No

Data analysis No No

Provide any other relevant information about the stage of the review here.

6. * Named contact.
The named contact acts as the guarantor for the accuracy of the information presented in the register record.

Paul-Stefan Panaitescu
Email salutation (e.g. "Dr Smith" or "Joanne") for correspondence:
Dr Panaitescu

7. * Named contact email.

Enter the electronic mail address of the named contact.

[email protected]

8. * Named contact address.

Enter the full postal address for the named contact.

Str. Victor Babes nr. 8, mun. Cluj-Napoca, jud. Cluj, Romania

9. Named contact phone number

Enter the telephone number for the named contact, including international dialling code.

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0040731329915

10. * Organisational affiliation of the review.

Full title of the organisational affiliations for this review and website address if available. This field may be
completed as ‘none’ if the review is not affiliated to any organisation.

Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca

Organisation web address:

https://umfcluj.ro/

11. * Review team members and their organisational affiliations.

Give the personal details and the organisational affiliations of each member of the review team. Affiliation
refers to groups or organisations to which review team members belong. NOTE: email and country are
now mandatory fields for each person.
Dr Paul-Stefan Panaitescu. Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Mr Vlad Razniceanu. Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Miss Stefania-Maria Mocrei-Rebrean. Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Professor Adriana Filip. Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy

12. * Funding sources/sponsors.

Give details of the individuals, organisations, groups or other legal entities who take responsibility for
initiating, managing, sponsoring and/or financing the review. Any unique identification numbers assigned to
the review by the individuals or bodies listed should be included.
No funding sources or sponsors
Grant number(s)
Not applicable

13. * Conflicts of interest.

List any conditions that could lead to actual or perceived undue influence on judgements concerning the
main topic investigated in the review.
None

14. Collaborators.
Give the name, affiliation and role of any individuals or organisations who are working on the review but who
are not listed as review team members.

15. * Review question.

Give details of the question to be addressed by the review, clearly and precisely.

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What are the outcomes and pathways that can be influenced by gut microbiome-targeted interventions

compared to placebos in animal models of Parkinson Disease?

Context and rationale

Provide a brief description of the context and rationale of the review, including information on the relevance
of your review for human health (max 250 words).

The gut-brain axis theory is considered to be one of the components of Parkinson's disease patogenesis.

Recent gut microbiome-targeted interventions such as fecal transplant, probiotics, prebiotics and antibiotic

treatment are speculated to be of potential use in delaying the onset and the progression of the disease

through the rebalancing of gut microbiome. It is important to organise the findings of animal studies that

usually are heterogeneous when it comes to induction models, in order to try to systematize the possible

outcomes and pathways that could be replicated in subsequent human studies.

16.
[1 change]
* Searches.

Give details of the sources to be searched, and any restrictions (e.g. language or publication period). The full
search strategy is not required, but may be supplied as a link or attachment.

The systematic search will be performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase. Eligible studies

in English will be considered, regardless of publication date.

17. URL to search strategy.

Give a link to the search strategy or an example of a search strategy for a specific database if available
(including the keywords that will be used in the search strategies).

https://PubMed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28%22parkinsonian+disorders%22%5BMeSH+Terms%5D+OR+%

28%22parkinsonian%22%5BAll+Fields%5D+AND+%22disorders%22%5BAll+Fields%5D%29+OR+%22park

insonian+disorders%22%5BAll+Fields%5D%29+AND+%28%28%22fecal+microbiota+transplantation%22%

5BMeSH+Terms%5D+OR+%28%22fecal%22%5BAll+Fields%5D+AND+%22microbiota%22%5BAll+Fields

%5D+AND+%22transplantation%22%5BAll+Fields%5D%29+OR+%22fecal+microbiota+transplantation%22

%5BAll+Fields%5D%29+OR+%28%22probiotics%22%5BMeSH+Terms%5D+OR+%22probiotics%22%5BAl

l+Fields%5D%29+OR+%28%22prebiotics%22%5BMeSH+Terms%5D+OR+%22prebiotics%22%5BAll+Field

s%5D%29+OR+%28%22anti-bacterial+agents%22%5BAll+Fields%5D+OR+%22anti-bacterial+agents%22%

5BMeSH+Terms%5D+OR+%28%22anti-bacterial%22%5BAll+Fields%5D+AND+%22agents%22%5BAll+Fie

lds%5D%29+OR+%22anti-bacterial+agents%22%5BAll+Fields%5D+OR+%22antibiotics%22%5BAll+Fields

%5D%29%29&filter=hum_ani.animal

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International prospective register of systematic reviews

Alternatively, upload your search strategy to CRD in pdf format. Please note that by doing so you are
consenting to the file being made publicly accessible.
Do not make this file publicly available until the review is complete

18. * Human disease modelled.

Give a short description of the disease, condition or healthcare domain being modelled.

Parkinson's Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction.

19. * Animals/population.
Give summary criteria for the animals being studied by the review, e.g. species, sex, details of disease
model. Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
In vivo animal studies, rodents, all sexes, all disease models of Parkinson's disease.
Exclusion criteria:
All in vitro, in silico studies and in vivo in humans and other animals than rodents. All studies that do not

explore a disease model of Parkinson's disease.

20. * Intervention(s), exposure(s).

Give full and clear descriptions of the nature of the interventions or the exposures to be reviewed (e.g.
dosage, timing, frequency). Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
-Fecal microbiome transplant;-Supplementation with probiotics (live microbial dietary supplements),

prebiotics( interventions
-Antibiotic a group of nutrients
targeting
that
intestinal
are degraded
microbiota.
by gut microbiota and stimulate their growth);

Exclusion criteria:
-Studies that used non-prebiotic nutraceutical products, fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives to impact

Parkinson disease dysbiosis;-Diet alterations such as western diet or ketogenic diet.

21.
[1 change]
* Comparator(s)/control.

Where relevant, give details of the type(s) of control interventions against which the experimental
condition(s) will be compared (e.g. another intervention or a non-exposed control group). Please include
details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
-Animals with vehicle lesions - induction control;-Animals with no fecal transplant, probiotics or prebiotics -

intervention control.
Exclusion criteria:
-All other induction control-All other intervention control

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22.
[1 change]
* Study designs to be included.

Give details of the study designs eligible for inclusion in the review. If there are no restrictions on the types of
study design eligible for inclusion, or certain study types are excluded, this should be stated. Please include
details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
-Posttest only design.

-Pretest-Posttest design.

Exclusion criteria:
-All other study designs.

23.
[1 change]
Other selection criteria or limitations applied.

Give details of any other inclusion and exclusion criteria, e.g. publication types (reviews, conference
abstracts), publication date, or language restrictions.

All types of reviews (narative, scoping, systematic).

24. * Outcome measure(s).

Give detail of the outcome measures to be considered for inclusion in the review. Please include details of
both inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
-cognitive function; biomarkers;-intestinal microbiota composition.
-neuroinflammatory

Exclusion criteria:
-absence of wellbeing measurements (weight, temperature, etc.)

25. N/A.
This question does not apply to systematic reviews of animal studies for human health submissions.

26.
[1 change]
* Study selection and data extraction.

Procedure for study selection

Give the procedure for selecting studies for the review, including the screening phases (title and/or title-
abstract and/or full-text), the number of researchers involved, and how discrepancies will be resolved.

Title screening will be performed by two independent investigators and ties will be resolved by a third.

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Abstract screening will be performed in Abstrktr by two independent investigators and disagreements

regarding article eligibility will be resolved by the senior researcher. Full texts reading will be performed in a

similar fashion and the authors will be contacted if information is missing or the full article is not accesible.
Prioritise the exclusion criteria

Multiple exclusion criteria may apply to an abstract/paper, which can cause discrepancies between reviewers
in the reason for exclusion recorded. To avoid this, it is helpful to prioritize the exclusion criteria (e.g. 1) not
an animal study; 2) not a myocardial infarction model, etc.) and record the highest ranking applicable
criterion as the reason for exclusion. Please sort the exclusion criteria defined in questions 19 to 24. If
applicable, do so for each screening phase.

1. Not
2. In vitro
an experimental
studies, studies
animal
in humans;
study;

3. Does not use a Parkinson disease model;

4. No separate control groups;

5. Articles not written in English.

Methods for data extraction

Describe methods for data extraction, including the number of reviewers performing data extraction,
extraction of data from text and/or graphs, whether and how authors of eligible studies will be contacted to
provide missing or additional data, etc.

Data extraction will be performed by using a data extraction table. A researcher will read the articles and in

parallel will complete each data identified in the table.

Data to be extracted: study design

Specify the data to be extracted related to characteristics of the study design, e.g. controlled versus cross-
over, number of experimental groups, etc.

-experimental
-number of experimental
treatment groups
groups/and control groups;

Data to be extracted: animal model

Specify the data to be extracted related to characteristics of the animal model, e.g. species, sex of the
animals, etc.

-sex;
-species;

-age;

-parkinson induction method.

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Data to be extracted: intervention of interest

Specify the data to be extracted related to characteristics of the intervention of interest, e.g. dose, timing, etc.

-type of intervention;
-dose;

-time of administration;

-frequency of administration;

-route of administration;

-vehicle.

Data to be extracted: primary outcome(s)

Define the primary outcome measure(s). For each outcome measure, specify in which format data will be
extracted, including the eligible units of measurement, and data type (continuous/dichotomous). A
description of any other manipulation or transformation of the extracted data that is planned may be
included.

-number of Tyrosine
-pro-inflammatory cytokines
hydroxylase-positive
IL-6, TNF-?, IL-1?
dopaminergic neurons

-anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, protein I?-B?

-neuroinflammation markers (glial markers (Iba-1 and GFAP) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF))

-fecal microbiota composition

-behavioral test performance (inclusiv olfactive, open-field tests, elevated maze, mORRIS WATER MAZE)

Data to be extracted: secondary outcome(s)

Define the secondary outcome measure(s). For each outcome measure, specify in which format data will be
extracted, including the eligible units of measurement, and data type (continuous/dichotomous). A
description of any other manipulation or transformation of the extracted data that is planned may be
included.

-expression of
-?-synuclein expression
the TLR4/TNF-?
in colonsignaling
and brainpathway;
tissue;

-phospho-Ser129 ?-synuclein in colon and brain tissue;

-microglial activation markers IL-4;

-glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in colon, serum, and substantia nigra;

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-profiles of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric

acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid);

-pro-inflammatory protein expression: iNOS, NF-?B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B

cells), COX-2;

-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level.

Data to be extracted: other

Specify any other data or study characteristics to be extracted, e.g. bibliographical details, such as author,
year and language.

Not planned

27.
[1 change]
* Risk of bias and/or quality assessment.

State whether and how risk of bias and/or study quality will be assessed. Assessment tools specific for pre-
clinical animal studies include SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and the CAMARADES checklist for study quality

No risk of bias and/or quality assessment planned

No

By use of SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool

Yes

By use of SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool adapted as follows:

No

By use of the CAMARADES checklist for study quality

Yes

By use of the CAMARADES checklist for study quality, adapted as follows:

No

Other criteria, namely

No

Method for risk of bias and/or quality assessment

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Give the procedure for the risk of bias and/or quality assessment, including the number of reviewers
involved, their contribution, and how discrepancies will be resolved.

In paralel with data extraction, Syrcle's risk of bias and Camarades checklist will be applied for each study by

two independent investigators and discrepancies will be resolved by the senior researcher by reapplying the

two tools for reassessing the risk of bias.

28. * Strategy for data synthesis.

Planned approach

For each outcome measure, specify whether a quantitative or narrative synthesis is planned and how this
decision will be made.

-number of Tyrosine
-pro-inflammatory cytokines
hydroxylase-positive
IL-6, TNF-?, IL-1?
dopaminergic
- narrativeneurons
synthesis
- narrative synthesis

-anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, protein I?-B? - narrative synthesis

-neuroinflammation markers - narrative synthesis

-fecal microbiota composition - narrative synthesis

-behavioral test performance - narrative synthesis-expression of the TLR4/TNF-? signaling pathway -

narrative synthesis

-?-synuclein expression in colon and brain tissue - narrative synthesis

-phospho-Ser129 ?-synuclein in colon and brain tissue - narrative synthesis

-microglial activation markers IL-4 - narrative synthesis

-glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in colon, serum, and substantia nigra - narrative synthesis

-profiles of fecal short chain fatty acids - narrative synthesis

-pro-inflammatory protein expression: iNOS, NF-?B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B

cells), COX-2 - narrative synthesis

-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level - narrative synthesis

If a meta-analysis is planned, please specify the following:

Effect measure

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International prospective register of systematic reviews

For each outcome measure, specify the effect measure to be used (e.g. mean difference, odds ratio etc.).

Not planned
Effect models

For each outcome measure, specify the statistical model of analysis (e.g. random-effects or fixed-effect
model).

Not planned
Heterogeneity

Specify the statistical methods to assess heterogeneity (e.g. I², Q). For further guidance please refer to the
introduction and practical guide to pre-clinical meta-analysis.

Not planned
Other

Specify other details of the meta-analysis methodology (e.g. correction for multiple testing, correction for
multiple use of control group).

Not planned

29. * Analysis of subgroups or subsets.

Subgroup analyses

Give any planned exploration of subgroups or subsets within the review. ‘None planned’ is a valid response
if no subgroup analyses are planned.

None planned
Sensitivity

For each outcome measure, specify any sensitivity analyses you propose to perform.

None planned
Publication bias

Specify whether an assessment of publication bias is planned. If applicable, specify the method for
assessment of publication bias.

None planned

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30. * Review type.

Type of review
Animal model review
No

Experimental animal exposure review

No

Pre-clinical animal intervention review

Yes

31. Language.
Select each country individually to add it to the list below, use the bin icon to remove any added in error.
English

There is an English language summary.

32. * Country.
Select the country in which the review is being carried out from the drop down list. For multi-national
collaborations select all the countries involved.
Romania

33. Other registration details.

List other places where the systematic review protocol is registered. The name of the organisation and any
unique identification number assigned to the review by that organisation should be included.

34. Reference and/or URL for published protocol.

Give the citation and link for the published protocol, if there is one.

Add web link to the published protocol.

Or, upload your published protocol here in pdf format. Note that the upload will be publicly accessible.
No I do not make this file publicly available until the review is complete

Please note that the information required in the PROSPERO registration form must be completed in full even
if access to a protocol is given.

35. Dissemination plans.

Give brief details of plans for communicating essential messages from the review to the appropriate

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audiences.
Yes

Give brief details of plans for communicating review findings.?

Publication in ISI-indexed journal and presenting at a neurology or microbiome related conference.

36. * Keywords.
Give words or phrases that best describe the review. Separate keywords with a semicolon or new line.

Systematic review; Parkinson's disease; Animal model; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Probiotics;

Prebiotics; Antibiotics; Signaling pathways; Inflamation.

37. Details of any existing review of the same topic by the same authors.
Give details of earlier versions of the systematic review if an update of an existing review is being registered,
including full bibliographic reference if possible.

38. * Current review status.

Review status should be updated when the review is completed and when it is published.

Please provide anticipated publication date

Review_Ongoing

39. Any additional information.

Provide any further information the review team consider relevant to the registration of the review.

40. Details of final report/publication(s) or preprints if available.

This field should be left empty until details of the completed review are available OR you have a link to a
preprint. Give the full citation for the preprint or final report or publication of the systematic review.

Give the link to the published review or preprint.

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