DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION GOVT.

OF J&K
JAMMU AND KASHMIR INSTITUTE OF
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
A.S. COLLEGE CAMPUS, SRINAGAR-190008

Course Structure for 7th Semester to 10th Semester

(CBCS Advanced)

1
 Semester – VII
No. of
Course Type Course Code Title of the Course Teacher
Credits
IMTH701CR Real Analysis – I 04
IMTH702CR Abstract Algebra– I 04
Core (CR)
IMTH703CR Topology 04
IMTH 704CR Advanced Probability 02

Discipline IMTH705DCE Theory of Matrices 04

Centric IMTH706DCE Fourier Series, Fourier Transform 04
Electives and Laplace Transform
(DCE) IMTH707DCE 02
Mathematical Modeling

IMTH708DCE Advanced Numerical Analysis 02

Generic
Electives IMTH709GE Matrix Algebra 02
(GE)

Open
Electives (OE) IMTH710OE Calculus 02

General Instructions for the Students

1. The final two years (7th semester to 10th semester) of the 5-year integrated
programme is of 96 credit weightage, i.e 24 credits per semester.
2. Out of 24 credits in a semester a candidate has to obtain 14 credits
compulsorily from “Core Courses”, while the remaining 10 credits can be
obtained from the “Electives” in the following manner:
➢ A candidate can obtain a maximum of 8 credits within his/her own
Department out of the specializations offered by the Department as
Discipline Centric-Electives.
➢ 2 credits shall be obtained by a candidate from the Electives
offered by the Department other than his/her own. The candidate
shall be free to obtain either 2 credits from the Generic (within
School) or two credits from Open Electives.
➢ At least 2 credits out of 8 credits slatted for OE/GE category shall
be obtained from online UGC SWAYAM platform during the
4 semester Programme.

2
 Semester – VIII
Course No. of
Course Code Title of the Course Teacher
Type Credits
IMTH801CR Discrete Mathematics – I 04
IMTH802CR Real Analysis-II 04
Core (CR) IMTH803CR Complex Analysis-I 04
IMTH804CR Advanced Calculus 02

IMTH805DCE Theory of Numbers -II 04

Discipline IMTH806DCE Mathematical Biology 04
Centric IMTH807DCE Integral Equations 02
Electives
IMTH808D CE Riemannian Geometry 02
(DCE)

Generic IMTH809GE Complex Variables 02

Electives (GE)

Open
Electives (OE) IMTH810OE Numerical Methods 02

General Instructions for the Students

1. The final two years (7th semester to 10th semester) of the 5-year integrated
programme is of 96 credit weightage, i.e 24 credits per semester.
2. Out of 24 credits in a semester a
3. 2 credits shall be obtained by a candidate has to obtain 14 credits
compulsorily from “Core Courses”, while the remaining 10 credits can be
obtained from the “Electives” in the following manner:
➢ A candidate can obtain a maximum of 8 credits within his/her own
Department out of the specializations offered by the Department as
Discipline Centric-Electives.
➢ Candidate from the Electives offered by the Department other than
his/her own. The candidate shall be free to obtain either 2 credits from
the Generic (within School) or two credits from Open Electives.
➢ At least 2 credits out of 8 credits slatted for OE/GE category shall
be obtained f rom online UGC SWAYAM platform during the
4 semester Programme.

3
 Semester – IX
Course No. of
Course Code Title of the Course Teacher
Type Credits
IMTH901CR Ordinary Differential Equations 04
Core (CR) IMTH902CR Abstract Measure Theory 04
IMTH903CR Functional Analysis-I 04
IMTH904CR Fourier Analysis 02

Discipline IMTH905DCE Advanced Graph Theory 04

Centric IMTH906DCE Computational Mathematics with MATLAB 04
Electives IMTH907DCE Advanced topics in Topology and 04
(DCE) Modern Analysis
IMTH908DCE Wavelet Theory 04

Generic
Artificial Intelligence
Electives (GE) IMTH909GE 02

Open
Elementary Mathematical Modeling
Electives IMTH910OE 02
(OE)

General Instructions for the Students

1. The final two years (7th semester to 10th semester) of the 5-year
integrated programme is of 96 credit weightage, i.e 24 credits per
semester.
2. Out of 24 credits in a semester a candidate has to obtain 14 credits
compulsorily from “Core Courses”, while the remaining 10 credits can
be obtained from the “Electives” in the following manner:
➢ A candidate can obtain a maximum of 8 credits within his/her
own Department out of the specializations offered by the
Department as Discipline Centric-Electives.
➢ 2 credits shall be obtained by a candidate from the Electivesoffered
by the Department other than his/her own. The candidate shall be
free to obtain either 2 credits from the Generic (within School) or
two credits from Open Electives.
➢ At least 2 credits out of 8 credits slatted for OE/GE category
shall be obtained from online UGC SWAYAM platform
during the 4 semester Programme.

4
 Semester – X
Course No. of
Course Code Title of the Course Teacher
Type Credits
IMTH1001CR Partial Differential Equations 04
Core (CR) IMTH1002CR Differential Geometry 04
IMTH1003CR Abstract Algebra-II 04
IMTH1004CR Linear Algebra 02

Analytic Theory of
IMTH1005DCE 04
Polynomials
Discipline IMTH1006DCE Mathematical Statistics 04
Centric IMTH1007DCE Functional Analysis – II 04
Electives IMTH1008DCE Non-Linear Analysis 04
(DCE) IMTH1009DCE Project 04

Open
Electives IMTH1010OE Discrete Mathematics 02
(OE)

General Instructions for the Students

1. The final two years (7th semester to 10th semester) of the 5-year integrated
programme is of 96 credit weightage, i.e 24 credits per semester.
2. Out of 24 credits in a semester a candidate has to obtain 14 credits
compulsorily from “Core Courses”, while the remaining 10 credits can be
obtained from the “Electives” in the following manner:
➢ A candidate can obtain a maximum of 8 credits within his/her own
Department out of the specializations offered by the Department as
Discipline Centric-Electives.
➢ 2 credits shall be obtained by a candidate from the Electives offered
by the Department other than his/her own. The candidate shall
obtain 2 credits from the Generic (within School).
➢ At least 2 credits out of 8 credits slatted for OE/GE category shall
be obtained from online UGC SWAYAM platform during the 4
semester Programme.

The Academic tour shall be conducted by the Department every year for
outgoing students (10th semester).

5
 Semester-VII
Core CR
REAL ANALYSIS – I
Course No: IMTH701CR Total Credits: 04
Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To study the behavior and properties of real numbers, sequences and series
of real numbers and real valued functions and generalized integration in order to
tackle daily life problems arising from physical phenomenon.

UNIT-I
Sequences and series of functions: point wise and uniform convergence, Cauchy
criterion for uniform convergence, Mn--test, Weirstrass M-test, Abel’s and Dirichlet’s
test for uniform convergence, uniform convergence and continuity, R- integration and
differentiation, Weirstrass approximation theorem, example of continuous nowhere
differentiable functions.

UNIT-II
Integration : Definition and existence of Riemann – Stieltje’s integral , behavior of upper and
lower sums under refinement, necessary and sufficient conditions for RS-integrability of
continuous and monotonic functions, reduction of an RS-integral to a Riemann integral,
basic properties of RS-integrals, differentiability of an indefinite integral of
continuous functions, the fundamental theorem of calculus for Riemann integrals.

UNIT-III
Improper integrals: Integration of bounded functions with infinite limit of integration, integration
of unbounded functions with unbounded limit of integrals. Integration of unbounded functions
with finite limit of integration, comparison tests for convergence, Cauchy’s test, infinite
range of integration, Abel’s and Dirichlet’s test.

UNIT-IV
Gauge Integral, Definition and Examples, basic properties, Cousin’s theorem, equivalence
theorem, Cauchy criterion, integrability of continuous functions, regulated functions,
straddle lemma, fundamental theorem of calculus I&II, Absolute integrability, non-
absolutely convergent integrals

Recommended Books:
1. R. Goldberg, Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford IBM Publication 1970.
2. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, Mc Graw Hill.
3. L.Royden, Real Analysis.
4. S.C.Malik and S. Arora, Mathematical Analysis 5th edition, New age international
publishers.
5. Robert G. Bartle; A Modern theory of Integration, Graduate studies in Mathematics
Vol.32, AMS.
6
 ABSTRACT ALGEBRA-I

Course No: IMTH702CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To enable the student to understand in a unifying way the properties and
constructions that are similar for various algebraic structures.

UNIT-I
Definitions and examples of semi-groups and monoids, criteria for the semigroups to be a group, ,
structure theorem for cyclic groups, endomorphism, automorphism, inner automorphism and outer
automorphism, center of a group, Cauchy’s and Sylow’s theorem for abelian groups, Even and
Odd permutation,, alternating groups, simple groups, simplicity of the alternating group An for n ≥
5.
UNIT-II
Normalizer, conjugate classes, class equation of a finite group and its applications, Cauchy’s and
Sylow’s theorems for finite groups, double cosets, second and third parts of Sylow’s theorem, direct
product of groups, finite abelian groups, normal and subnormal series, composition series, Jordan
Holder theorem for finite groups, Zassenhaus lemma, Schreir’s refinement theorem, Solvable
groups.
UNIT-III
Brief review of rings, integral domain, ideals, the field of quotients of an integral domain, embedding
of an Integral domain, Euclidean rings with examples such as Z[√-1], Z[√2], principal ideal
rings(PIR), unique factorization domains(UFD) and Euclidean domains, greatest common divisor,
lowest common multiple in rings, relationships between Euclidean rings, P.I.R.’s and U.F.D.

UNIT-IV
Review of Polynomial ring, the division algorithm for polynomials, irreducible polynomials,
polynomials and the rational field, primitive polynomials, contraction of polynomials, Gauss lemma,
Integer monic polynomial, Eisenstein’s irreducibility criterion, cyclotomic polynomials, polynomial
rings and commutative rings.

Recommended Books
1. J. B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th edition, Pearson education.
2. J. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, Cengage.
3. I. N. Heristein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley international.
4. K. S. Miller, Elements of Modern Abstract Algebra.
5. Surjeet Singh and Qazi Zameer-ud-Din, Modern Algebra, Vikas Publishing House
Private Limited.

7
 TOPOLOGY

Course No: IMTH703CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hr Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To inculcate the students to study the properties that are preserved
through deformations, twisting and stretching of objects without tearing.

UNIT-I
Review of countable and uncountable sets, Schroeder-Bernstein theorem, axiom of
choice and its various equivalent forms, definition and examples of metric spaces,
Completion of a metric space, Cantor’s intersection theorem with examples to
demonstrate that each of the conditions in the theorem is essential, Baire’s category
theorem, and applications to the (1) non-existence of a function which is continuous
precisely at irrationals (ii) impossibility of approximating the characteristic of
rationals on [0, 1] by a sequence of continuous functions.

UNIT -II
Compact set, Sequential compactness, Bolzano weirstrass property, Finite intersection
property, continuity and compactness, connectedness, continuity and connectedness.
Uniformly continuous mappings with examples and counter examples, extending
uniformity continuous maps, Banach’s contraction principle with applications to the
inverse function theorem in ℝ.

UNIT –III
Topological spaces; definition and examples, elementary properties, Kurtowski’s axioms,
continuous mappings and their characterizations, pasting lemma, convergence of nets and
continuity in terms of nets, bases and sub bases for a topology, lower limit topology,
concepts of first countability, second countability, separability and their relationships,
counter examples and behavior under subspaces, product topology and weak topology,
compactness and its various characterizations.

UNIT -IV
Heine-Borel theorem, Tychnoff’s theorem, compactness, sequential compactness and
total boundedness in metric spaces, Lebesgue’s covering lemma, continuous maps on a
1
compact space, separation axioms Ti ( i=1,2,3,3 ,4) and their permanence properties,
2
connectedness, local connectedness, their relationship and basic properties,
connected sets in ℝ, Urysohn’s lemma, Urysohn’s metrization theorem, Tietize’s
extension theorem, one point compactification.

8
Recommended Books:

1. G.F.Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw Hill.

2. J. Munkres, Topology, 2nd edition, Pearson 2000.
3. K.D. Joshi, Introduction to General Topology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1983.
4. J.L.Kelley, General Topology, Springer 1975.
5. Murdeshwar, General Topology, New age international Publisher.

9
 ADVANCED PROBABILITY

Course No: IMTH 704CR Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To provide the student with a solid grounding in probability theory and
mathematical statistics for predictions and decisions making.

Unit I
Methods of Estimation, Estimation of parameters in probability distribution, Binomial Poisson,
Geometric, Hyper geometric, Normal, Methods of maximum likelihood estimation, Moments,
Maximum Chi-square, Least square.
Unit II
Moment Generating Function, Properties and limitations of MGF, Cumulants, Properties of
Cumulants, Characteristic function φ (t), Necessary and sufficient conditions for a function φ (t) to
be characteristic function, Weak law of large numbers, Probability generating function.

References:
1. V.K.Rohatgi & A.K.Saleh, An Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Wiley international.
2. S.C.Gupta and V.K.Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand & Sons.
3. Robert. V. Hogg, Joseph W. Mckean and Allen T. Craig, An introduction to the Mathematical
Statistics, 8th edition , Pearson.
4. A.M.Mood , F.A Grayball and D.C.Boes, An introduction to the Mathematical Statistics, McGraw
Hill.

10
 Discipline Centric Electives (DCE)

THEORY OF MATRICES

Course No: IMTH705DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To inculcate the techniques of matrices like linear transformations from a

vector space to itself such as reflection, rotation and sharing to solve multivariate
problems arising in different disciplines of science and technology.

UNIT-I

Eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix and their determination, similarity of
matrices, two similar matrices have the same eigen values, algebraic and geometric
multiplicity, necessary and sufficient condition for a square matrix of order n to be
similar to a diagonal matrix, orthogonal reduction of real matrices.

UNIT-II
Orthogonality of the eigen vectors of a Hermitian matrix, the necessary and sufficient
condition for a square matrix of order n to be similar to a diagonal matrix . If A is a real
symmetric matrix then there exists an orthogonal matrix P such that P -1 AP = P’AP is a
diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the eigen values of A, semi–diagonal or
triangular form, Schur’s theorem, normal matrices, necessary and sufficient condition for a
square matrix to be unitarily similar to a diagonal matrix.
UNIT-III
Quadratic forms: the Kroneckers and Lagranges reduction, reduction by orthogonal
transformation of real quadratic forms, necessary and sufficient condition for a quadratic
form to be positive definite, rank, index and signature of a quadratic form. If A=[a ij ] is a
positive definite matrix of order n, then
|A|≤ a 11 a 22 …a nn .
UNIT IV
Gram matrices: the Gram matrix BB` is always positive definite or positive semi-definite,
Hadamard’s inequality, If B=[b ij ] is an arbitrary non- singular real square matrix of order n,
the
𝑛
square matrix of order n, then |𝐵| ≤Ԥ [ ∑ [ 𝑘=1 𝑏ik] functions of symmetric matrices
positive definite square root of a positive definite matrix, the infinite n-fold integral In =
+∞ +∞ +∞ 𝜋𝑛/2
∫−∞ ∫−∞ … ∫−∞ 𝑒 −𝑋𝐴𝑋 𝑑𝑋, where dX = dx1dx2 ….dx . If A is a positive definite matrix, then In = |𝐴|1/2
If A and B are positive definite matrices, then In = |𝜆𝐴 + (1 − 𝜆)𝐵| ≥ |𝐴|λ |𝐵|1-λ for 0≤λ≤1,
Perturbation of roots of polynomials, companion matrix, Hadmard theorem, Gerishgorian theorem,
Taussky’stheorem.
11
Recommended Books:

1. Richard Bellman, Introduction to Matrix Analysis, McGraw Hill, Book company.

2. Franz E. Hohn, Elementary Matrix Algebra, American Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd.
3. Shanti Narayan, A Textbook of Matrices, S.Chand and Company Ltd.
4. Rajendra Bhatia, Matrix Analysis, Springer.

12
 FOURIER SERIES, FOURIER TRANSFORM AND LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Course No: IMTH706DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 40

UNIT-I

Fourier Series: Introduction, Periodic functions: Properties, Even & Odd functions.
Special wave forms: Square wave, Sawtoothed wave, Triangular wave. Euler’s
Formulae for Fourier Series, Fourier Series for functions of period 2π, Fourier
Series for functions of period 2L, Dirichlet’s conditions, Sum of Fourier series. If
f(x) is bounded and integrable function on (-π,π ) and if an, bn are its Fourier
coefficients, then ∑ ( (an2 +bn2) converges. Half Range Series for sine and
cosine functions, examples. Riemann Lebseque theorem.
UNIT -II

The Fourier Transform. Periodic functions, Definition and examples of Fourier

series, Drichlet’s conditions, determination of Fourier coefficients, even and odd
functions and their Fourier expansion, change of interval, half range series.

Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, Fourier sine and cosine transforms
and their inversion, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transform of the
derivative, convolution theorem, discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier
transform and their properties.

UNIT-III

Laplace Transform. Definition, Laplace transform of elementary functions,

Properties of Laplace transforms viz Linearity, translation, Change of Scale
property etc. Laplace transform as periodic functions, Dirac-Delta function, Inverse
Laplace transform, Laplace transform for derivatives, Laplace transform for
integrals, Convolution theorem, Solution of ordinary differential equations with
constant coefficients, Applications of partial differential equations.
UNIT-IV
Application of Laplace Transform to differential equation and integral equation,
Application of Laplace Transform to boundary value problems: Electrical circuits,
dynamics, Beams, Heat conduction equations and wave equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Ruel V.Churchill, Fourier Series & Boundary Value Problems, 8th Edition McGraw
Hill Education 2011.
2. Davies, Brian, Integral Transforms and Their Applications, Springer
3. Erwin, Kreysigz, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Willey Eastern Pub.,

13
4. K.S. Rao, Introduction to Partial Differential Equations, K.S. Rao, PHI, India.
5. Murrey R. Spiegel, Laplace Transforms, Schaum’s outline series.
6. I. N. Sneddon: The use of Integral Transforms, McGraw-Hill, Singapore 1972.
7. R. R. Goldberg, Fourier Transforms, Cambridge University Press, 1961.
8. D. Brain, Integral Transforms and their applications, Springer, 2002.

14
 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Course No. IMTH 707DCE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To provide the students a system using mathematical concepts and

language for developing a mathematical model for certain day to day problems.

UNIT -I

Introduction to mathematical modeling, types of modeling, classification of

mathematical models, formulation, solution and interpretation of a model, linear
growth and decay models, non-linear growth and decay models, continuous population
models for single species, logistic growth model, discrete models, age structured
populations, delay models, Fibonacci’s rabbits, the golden ratio, compartment models,
limitations of mathematical models.

UNIT -II

Mathematical models in ecology and epidemiology: models for interacting populations,

types of interactions, Lotka-Voltera system and stability analysis of the interactions
like prey-predator, competition and symbiosis, infectious disease modelling, simple
and general epidemic models viz SI, SIS, SIR epidemic disease models, vaccination, the
SIR endemic disease model.

Books Recommended

1. J. N. Kapur, Mathematical Modelling, New Age International Publishers.

2. J.D. Murray Mathematical Biology (An Introduction, Vol. I and II),
Springer Verlag.
3. J.N. Kapur, Mathematical Model in Biology and Medicines.
4. S. I. Rubinow, Introduction to Mathematical Biology, John Wiley and
Sons, 1975.
5. M. R. Cullen, Linear Models in Biology, Ellis Harwood Ltd.
6. Jaffrey R. Chasnov, Mathematical Biology, Hong Kong Press.

15
 ADVANCED NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Course No: IMTH 708 DCE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 1/4 hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To provide the student with different techniques in order to find

approximate numerical solutions to the problems where exact solutions are not
available.

UNIT-I

Introduction and review of numerical methods for solving equations, Ramanujan’s

method, Quotient difference method, Convergence of iteration methods, Solution of
system of linear algebraic equations: Direct methods, Matrix inverse method, Gaussian
elimination method, Gauss Jacobi, Eigen value problem.

UNIT-II

Interpolation, Newtons General interpolation formula, interpolation by iteration,

Lagrange’s and Hermite interpolation formula, Linear and quadratic spline
interpolations. Difference equations: Linear difference equations, homogenous linear
equations. Boundary value problems in PDE’s, Finite difference methods for solution,
Classification of second order PDE’s.

References:
1. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar, R.K. Jain, Numerical methods for scientific and engineering
computation, New Age International Publishers.
2. S.S.Sastry, Introductory methods of numerical analysis, PHI Learning.
3. B.S.Grewal, Numerical methods in engineering & science, Khanna Publishers.
4. An introduction to Numerical Analysis, second edition, John wiley and sons (ASIA)
pte ltd.

16
 Open Electives (OE)
MATRIX ALGEBRA

Course No. IMTH 709 GE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To enable the student understand the basic concepts of matrices in order to
solve real life problems through solution of equations.

UNIT -I

Matrices, types, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, partition of a matrix, matrix

polynomials, characteristic equation of a matrix, Caley Hamilton theorem, elementary
transformations, rank of a matrix, determination of rank.

UNIT - II

Normal form with examples, solution of equations, homogenous and non-

homogeneous equations, linear dependence and independence, orthogonal and unitary
matrices and their determination, eigen values and eigen vectors and their
determination, similarity of matrices with examples.

Books Recommended

1. Franz E. Hohn, Elementary Matrix Algebra, American Publishing

company Pvt.ltd.
2. Shanti Narayan, A Text Book of Matrices, S. Chand and company Ltd.
3. Rajendra Bhatia , Matrix Analysis Springer.
4. A.Aziz, N.A.Rather and B.A.Zargar, Elementary Matrix Algebra , KBD.

17
 Open Electives (OE)
CALCULUS

Course No: IMTH 710 OE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To make the student understand the basic concepts in differentiation and
integration and apply them to the day to day problems.

UNIT -I

Functions, the idea of limits, techniques for computing limits, infinite limits, continuity,
derivative, rules for differentiation, derivatives as rate of change, applications of the
derivative, maxima and minima, increasing and decreasing functions, mean value
theorem and its applications, indeterminate forms, partial differentiation, Euler’s
theorem.

UNIT -II

Indefinite integral, techniques of integration, definite integral, area of a bounded

region, first Order ordinary differential equations and their salutations, variables
separable method, homogeneous form, equations reducible to homogeneous form,
linear differential equations of the form dy/dx +Py =Q and equations reducible to
this form.

Recommended Books:
1. A.Aziz, S.D.Chopra and M.L.Kochar, Differential Calculus, Kapoor Publications.
2. William L.Briggs and Lyle Cochran, Calculus, Pearson.
3. S.D.Chopra and M.L.Kochar, Intgeral Calculus, Kapoor Publications.
4. R.K.Jain and S.R.K. Lyengar, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Narosa.

18
 Core (CR)
Semester-VIII

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS-I

Course No: IMTH801CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To expose the students to the theory of graphs and combinatorics and to
make them aware of their applications in different branches of science.

UNIT -I

Graphs, Traversibility and degrees

Introduction of graphs, paths and cycles, operations on graphs, bipartite graphs and
Konigs theorem, Euler graphs and Euler’s theorem, Konigsberg bridge problem,
Hamiltonian graphs and Dirac’s theorem, degree sequences, Wang-Kleitman theorem,
Havel-Hakimi theorem, Hakimi’s theorem, Erdos- Gallai theorem, degree sets.

UNIT -II

Trees and Signed graphs

Trees and their properties, centres in trees, binary and spanning trees, degrees in
trees, Cayley’s theorem, fundamental cycles, generation of trees, Helly property, signed
graphs, balanced signed graphs and characterizations.

UNIT -III

Connectivity and Planarity

Cut-sets and their properties, vertex connectivity, edge connectivity, Whitney’s

theorem, Menger’s theorem (vertex and edge form), properties of a bond, block graphs,
planar graphs, Kuratowski’s two graphs, embedding on a sphere, Euler’s formula,
Kuratowski’s theorem, geometric dual, Whitney’s theorem on duality, regular
polyhedras.
UNIT –IV
Matrices and Digraphs

Incidence matrix A(G), modified incidence matrix Af, cycle matrix B(G), fundamental
cycle matrix Bf, cut-set matrix C(G), fundamental cut set matrix Cf, relation between Af ,
Bf and Cf , path matrix, adjacency matrix, matrix tree theorem, types of digraphs, types

19
of connectedness, Euler digraphs, Hamiltonian digraphs, arborescence, matrices in
digraphs, Camions theorem, tournaments, characterization of score sequences,
Landau’s theorem, oriented graphs and Avery’s theorem.
Recommended Books:

1. R. Balakrishnan, K. Ranganathan, A Text Book of Graph Theory, Springer-

Verlag, New York.
2. B. Bollobas, Extremal Graph Theory, Academic Press.
3. F. Harary, Graph Theory, Addison-Wesley.
4. Narsingh Deo, Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer
Science, Prentice Hall.
5. S. Pirzada, An Introduction to Graph Theory, Universities Press,
Orient Blackswan, 2012.
6. W. T. Tutte, Graph Theory, Cambridge University Press.
7. D. B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, Prentice Hall.

20
 REAL ANALYSIS - II

Course No: IMTH802CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To provide the students the notions of length, area and volume with
respect to different measures viz., Lebesque and Borel measure in order to overcome
problems arising from Riemann Integration.
UNIT -I

Measure theory: definition of outer measure and its basic properties, outer measure of
an interval as its length, countable additivity of the outer measure, Borel measurable
sets and Lebesgue measurability of Borel sets, Cantor set, existence of non- measurable
sets and of measurable sets which are not Borel, outer measure of monotonic
sequences of sets.

UNIT –II

Measurable functions and their characterization, algebra of measurable functions,

Stienhauss theorem on sets of positive measure, Ostrovisk’s theorem on measurable
solution of f (x+y)= f(x) + f(y), x, y Є ℝ, convergence a.e., convergence in measure and
almost uniform convergence, their relationship on sets of finite measure, Egoroff’s
theorem.

UNIT -III

Lebesgue integral of a bounded function, equivalence of L-integrability and

measurability for bounded functions, Riemann integral as a Lebesgue integral, basic
properties of Lebesgue –integral of a bounded function, fundamental theorem of
calculus for bounded derivatives, necessary and sufficient condition for Riemann
integrability on [a, b], L- integral of non- negative measurable functions and their basic
properties, Fatou’s lemma and monotone convergence theorem, L–integral of an
arbitrary measurable function and basic properties, dominated convergence theorem
and its applications.

21
 UNIT -IV

Absolute continuity and bounded variation, their relationships and counter examples,
indefinite integral of an L-integrable function and its absolute continuity, necessary
and sufficient condition for bounded variation, Vitali’s covering lemma and a.e.,
differentiability of a monotone function f and ∫ 𝑓 ′ ≤ 𝑓(𝑏) − 𝑓(𝑎).

Recommended Books:
1. L. Royden, Real Analysis, PHI.
2. Goldberg, Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford IBM Publication 1970.
3. G. De. Barra, Measure theory and Integration (Narosa).
4. I. K. Rana , An Introduction to Measure and Integration (Narosa).
5. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, McGraw Hill.
6. Chae, Lebesgue Integration, Springer.
7. T.M.Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publications.

22
 COMPLEX ANALYSIS- I

Course No: IMTH 803 CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

UNIT-I:
Review of complex differentiation and integration, Contour integral, line integrals, Rectifiable Arcs,
Equation of line integrals, The functions like Cauchy’s inequality, Line integrals as functions of
Arcs, Cauchy’s theorem for a rectangle, Cauchy’s theorem in a disc and related examples, Winding
numbers-index of a point with respect to a closed curve.

UNIT-II:

Residues: Cauchy’s residue theorem and its applications, Calculation of residues, Evaluation of
definite integrals by the method of residues, Parsval’s identity. Branches of many valued functions
with reference to 𝐴𝑟𝑔 (𝑧), log(𝑧), 𝑧𝑎. Infinite products, Convergence and divergence of infinite
products, Absolute convergence of infinite products.

UNIT-III:
Power Series, Radius of convergence of a power series, Cauchy’s-Hadmard formula for finding
radius of convergence, absolute and uniform convergence of power series, continuity of sums of
power series, integration and differentiation of power series, Uniqueness of series representation
multiplication and division of power series.

UNIT-IV:
Conformal mappings, Riemann mapping theorem, boundary behaviour, Use of reflection Principle,
Conformal mapping of polygons, behaviour at an angle, Schwarz christoffel formula, mapping on a
rectangle, triangle functions of Schwarz, scale factors, local inverses, harmonic conjugates.

Recommended Books:
1. Lars V. Ahlfors, Complex analysis , McGraw Hill Publication.
2. Richard Silverman, Introductory Complex Analysis, Doner Publications 1984.
3. S. Ponnusamy, Foundations of Complex analysis , Alpha Science.
4. J.B. Conway, Functions of a complex variable-I , Springer verlag.
References:
1. Z. Nihari, Conformal mapping.
2. E.C. Titchmarsh, Theory of functions

23
 ADVANCED CALCULUS

Course No: IMTH 804 CR Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To extend the ideas of a function of one variable to several variables in

order to solve extremal problems of analysis.

UNIT-I

Functions of several variables in ℝn, the directional derivative, directional derivative

and continuity, total derivative, matrix of a linear function, Jacobian matrix, chain rule,
mean value theorem for differentiable functions.

UNIT-II

Sufficient conditions for differentiability and for the equality of mixed partials, Taylor’s
theorem for functions from ℝn and ℝ, inverse and implicit function theorem in ℝ n ,
extremum problems for functions on ℝn, Lagrange’s multiplier’s, multiple Riemann
Integral and change of variable formula for multiple Riemann integrals.

Recommended Books:

1. W.Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, McGraw Hill,1976.

2. T.M.Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, 2nd edition, Pearson.
3. S.M. Shah and S.C Saxen Introduction to Real Variable theory, intext Educational
Publishers, 1972.

24
 Discipline Centric Electives (DCE)
THEORY OF NUMBERS-II

Course No: IMTH 805DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To equip the student with the properties of numbers and the relationship
between different sorts of numbers in order to tackle different problems of the real
number system.

UNIT-I

The Euclidean algorithm, Prime numbers. Euclid’s first theorem, Radix- representation
Linear Diophantine equations. Necessary and sufficient condition for solvability of
linear Diophantine equations, Positive solutions. Sequence of primes, Euclid’s Second
theorem, Infinitude of primes of the form 4n+3 and of the form 6n+5. No polynomial
f(x) with integral coefficients can represent primes for all integral values of x or for all
sufficiently large x.

UNIT-II
The congruence of x2 ≡ -1(mod p), Solutions of linear Congruence’s. The necessary and
sufficient condition for the solution of a1x1+a2x2 +…+anxn ≡ c(mod m).Congruences of
higher degree F(x) ≡ 0 (mod m), where F(x) is a Polynomials. Congruence’s with prime
power, Congruences with prime modulus and related results. Lagrange’s theorem, viz ,
the polynomial congruence F(x) ≡ 0 (mod p) of degree n has at most n roots

UNIT-III

Factor theorem and its generalization. Polynomial congruences F(x 1,x2….xn) ≡ 0 (mod
p) in several variables. Equivalence of polynomials. Theorem on the number of
solutions of congruences: Chevalley’s theorem, Warning’s theorem. Quadratic forms
over a field of characteristic ≠ 2 Equivalence of Quadratic forms. Witt’s theorem.
Representation of Field Elements. Hermite’s theorem on the minima of a positive
definite quadratic form and its application to the sum of two, three and four squares.

UNIT-IV

Continued fractions, approximation of reals by rationals, Pell’s equations, partitions,

Ferrers graphs, Jacobi’s triple product identity, Congruence properties of p(n), Rogers-
Ramanujan identities, Minkowski’s theorem in geometry of numbers and its
applications to Diophantine inequalities.

25
Recommended Books:
1. W. J . Leveque, Topics in Number Theory, Vol. I and II Addition Wesley
Publishing Company, INC.
2. I. Niven and H.S Zuckerman, An introduction of the Theory of Numbers.
3. Boevich and Shaferivich, Number Theory, I.R, Academic Press.
4. T.M Apostal, Analytic Number Theory, Springer Verlag.
5. G.H Hardy and Wright, An introduction to the theory of Numbers.

6. J.P. Serre, A course in Arithmetic, GTM Vol. Springer Verlag 1973.

7. E. Landau, An Elementary Number Theory, AMS, 1999.

26
 MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY

Course No: IMTH 806DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To apply mathematical and statistical techniques including ODES/PDES,

numerical methods, hypothesis testing, regression, matrices etc. in the context of
biological systems.

UNIT -I

Diffusion in biology: Fick’s law of diffusion, Fick’s perfusion law, membrane transport,
diffusion through a slab, convective transport, trancapillary exchange, heat transport
in biological tissues, oxygen transport through red cells, gas exchange in lungs, the
ideal gas law and solubility of gases, the equation of gas transport in one Alveolus.

UNIT -II
Biofluid mechanics: introduction, various types of fluid flows, viscosity, basic equation
of fluid, mechanics, continuity equation, equation of motion, the circulatory system,
systemic and pulmonary circulation, the circulation in heart, blood composition,
arteries and arterioles, models in blood flow, Poiseulle’s flow and its applications, the
pulse wave.

UNIT -III
Tracers in physiological systems: compartment systems, the one compartment system,
discrete and continuous transfers, ecomatrix, the continuous infusion, the two
compartment system, bath-tub models, three-compartment system, the leaky
compartment and the closed systems, elementary pharmacokinetics, parameter
estimation in two compartment models, basic introduction to n- compartment systems.
UNIT -IV
Biochemical reactions and population genetics: the law of mass action, enzyme
kinetics, Michael’s- Menten theory, competitive inhibition, Allosteric inhibition,
enzyme-substrate-inhibitor system, cooperative properties of enzymes, the
cooperative dimer, haemoglobin. haploid and diploid genetics, spread of favourite
allele, mutation-selection balance, heterosis, frequency dependent selection.

27
Books Recommended
1. J.D. Murray, Mathematical Biology, CRC Press
2. S.I. Rubinow, Introduction to Mathematical Biology, John Wiley and Sons.
3. Guyton and Hall, Medical Physiology.
4. S.C. Hoppersteadt and C.S. Peskin, Mathematics in Medicine and Life
Sciences, Springer-Verlag.
5. J.R. Chesnov, Lecture notes in Mathematical Biology, Hong Kong Press.
6. J. N. Kapur, Mathematical methods in Biology and Medicine, New Age
Publishers.
7. D. Ingram and R.F. Bloch, Mathematical methods in Medicine, John Wiley and
Sons.
8. M.A. Khanday, Introduction to Modelling and BioMathematics, Ariana
Publishers, NewDelhi.

28
 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

Course No. IMTH 807 DCE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To acquaint the student with tackling integral equations that include
energy transfer, heat equation, oscillation of a string etc., that may enable them to solve
different type of differential equations.

UNIT -I

Linear integral equations of the first and second kinds, Volterra and Fredholm integral
equations, relations between differential and integral equations, solution of Volterra
and Fredholm integral equations by the methods of successive substitutions and
successive approximations, iterated and resolvent kernels, Neumann series, reciprocal
functions, Volterra’s solutions of Fredholm equations.

UNIT -II

Fredholm theorems, Fredholm associated equation, solution of integral equations

using Fredholm’s determinant and minor, homogeneous integral equations, integral
equations with separable kernels, the Fredholm alternatives, symmetric kernels,
Hilbert Schmidt theory for symmetric kernels, applications of integral equations to
differential equations, initial value problem, boundary value problem, Dirac-Delta
function, Green’s function approach.

Books Recomended:

1. R.P. Kanwal, Linear Integral Equations (Theory and Technique),

Academic Press Birkhauser-1997.
2. W.V. Lovitt, Linear Integral Equations, Dover Publications, Inc. New York,
1950.
3. K.F. Riley, M.P. Hobson and S.T. Bence, Mathematical Methods for Physics
and Engineering Cambridge University Press, U.K., 1997.
References:
1. M.D. Raisinghania, Integral Equations and Boundary Value Problems,S.C. Chand
India, 2007.
2. Shanti Swarup, Integral Equations (&Boundary Value Problems),
Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd. Meerut, India, 2014.

29
 RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY

Course No. IMTH 808 DCE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

UNIT-I
Tensors-Order and rank of the tensors- transformation laws covariant and contra variant- tensors-
Addition, subtraction and multiplication of tensor- Christoffel symbols of first and second rank and
their transformation law. Tensor fields and their components, Transformation formula for
components of tensors. Operations on tensors. Contraction, Covariant derivatives of tensor fields.

UNIT-II
Hypersurfaces of Riemannian manifolds Gauss formula, Gauss equation, Codazzi equation, Sectional
Curvature for a hyper surface of a Riemannian manifolds, Gauss map, Weingartan map and
Fundamental forms on hypersurface, Equations of Gauss and Codazzi, Gauss theorem egregium.
Curves and geodesics in Riemannian manifold Geodesic curvature, Frenet formula.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Y.Matsushima: Differentiable manifolds. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 1972.
2. W.M.Boothby: An introduction to Differentiable manifolds and Riemannian Geometry.
Academic Press Inc. New York, 1975.
3. N.J.Hick: Notes in differential Geometry D.Van Nostrand Company Inc. Princeton, New Jersey,
New York, London ( Affilaiated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd. new Delhi), 1998.

REFFERENCE BOOKS
1. R.L.Bishop and Grittendo: Geometry of manifolds, Acamedic Press, New York, 1964.
2. L.P.Eisenhart: Riemannian Geometry, Princeton University Press, princetion, New Jersey,
1949.
3. H.Flanders: Differential forms with applications to the Physical Science Academic Press, New
York, 1963.
4. R.L.Bishop and S.J.Goldberg: Tensor analysis on manifolds, Macmillan Co-1968.
5. K.S.Amur, D.J.Shetty and C.S. Bagewadi, An introduction to differential Gemometry, Narosa
Pub. New Delhi,2010.

30
 Generic Electives (GE)
COMPLEX VARIABLES

Course No. IMTH 809 GE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To enable the students to understand basic concepts of complex variables

as an extension of real number system.

UNIT -I

Review of complex numbers, De-Movier’s theorem and it’s applications, functions of a

complex variable, continuity and differentiability of complex functions, analytic
functions, CR equations, complex integration, Cauchy’s theorem (statement only),
Cauchy’s integral formulae, Liouville’s theorem, Fundamental theorem of algebra.

UNIT -II

Maximum modulus principle (statement only), determination of maximum modulus of

ez, sin z, cos z etc, expansion of an analytic function in a power series, Taylor’s and
Laurant’s theorems (statements only), classification of singularities, zeros of analytic
functions, argument principle, Rouche’s theorem and its applications.

Books Recomended:

1. Lars V. Alfhors, Complex Analysis, McGraw Hill publications.

2. S. Ponnaswamy, Foundations of Complex Analysis, Alpha Science.

3. Murray R Spiegel , Seymour Lipschutz, John schiller and D. Spellman, Complex

Variables, Schaum’s outline series.

31
 NUMERICAL METHODS
Course No: IMTH 810OE Total Credits: 02
Examination: Total Marks: 50
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To provide the student with different techniques in order to find

approximate numerical solutions to the problems where exact solutions are not
available.

UNIT -I

Solution of algebraic and transcendental and polynomial equations, bisection method,

iteration method based on first degree equation, secant method, regula-falsi method,
Newton-Raphson method, rate of convergence of Newton- Raphson method & secant
method, system of linear algebraic equation, Gauss elimination method, Gauss Jordan
method.

UNIT -II

Interpolation and approximation of finite difference operators, Newton’s forward,

backward interpolation, central difference interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation,
Newton Divided Difference interpolation, Hermite interpolation, Spline interpolation,
numerical differentiation and Integration.

Recommended Books:

1. M.K. Jain, Numerical solution of differential equations, Wiley Eastern

(1979), Second Edition.
2. D.V. Griffiths and I.M. Smith, Numerical Methods for
Engineers, Blackwell Scientific Publications (1991).
3. S.C. Chapra, and P.C. Raymond, Numerical Methods for Engineers,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi (2000)
4. R.L. Burden, and J. Douglas Faires, Numerical Analysis, P.W.S. Kent
Publishing Company, Boston (1989), Fourth edition.
5. S.S. Sastry, Introductory methods of Numerical analysis, Prentice-
Hall of India, New Delhi (1998).
6. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical methods for
scientific and Engineering computation, Wiley Eastern (1993

32
 Core (CR)
SEMESTER-IX

ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Course No: IMTH 901 CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40
Objectives: To enable the student to solve initial value problems pertaining to ordinary
differential equations for various applications day to day life.

UNIT -I

First order ODE, singular solutions, p-discriminate and c-discriminate, initial value
problem of first order ODE, general theory of Homogeneous and non-
homogeneous linear ODE, simultaneous linear equations with constant
coefficients, normal form, factorization of operators. method of variation of
parameters, Picard’s theorem on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to an
initial value problem.

UNIT -II

Solution in Series: (i) roots of an indicial equation, unequal and differing by a quantity
not an integer. (ii) roots of an indicial equation, which are equal.
(iii) roots of an indicial equation differing by an integer making a coefficient infinite.
(iv) roots of an indicial equation differing by an integer making a coefficient
indeterminate.
=dy/Q = dz/R
Simultaneous equation dx/P
Its solutions by use of multipliers and a second integral found by the help of first, total
differential equations Pdx + Qdy +Rdz = 0, necessary and sufficient condition that an
equation may be integrable, geometric interpretation of the Pdx + Qdy + Rdz
=0.

UNIT –III
Existence of solutions, initial value problem, Ascoli- lemma, Cauchy Piano existence
theorem, uniqueness of solutions with examples, Lipchitz condition and Gronwall
inequality, method of successive approximation, Picard-Lindlof theorem, continuation of
solutions, system of differential equations, dependence of solutions on initial conditions
andparameters.

33
.
UNIT -IV

Maximal and minimal solutions of the system of ordinary differential equations,

Cartheodary theorem, linear differential equations, linear homogeneous equations,
linear system with constant coefficients, linear systems with periodic coefficients,
fundamental matrix and its properties, non-homogeneous linear systems, variation of
constant formula, Wronskian and its properties.

Recommended Books:

1. H.T.H. Piaggio, Differential Equations, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New

Delhi.
2. P.Hartmen, Ordinary Differential Equations.
3. W.T.Reid, Ordinary Differential Equations.
4. E.A.Coddington and N.Levinson, Theory of Ordinary Differential
Equations.
5. D. Somasundaram, Ordinary Differential Equations, Narosa
Publishers, New Delhi.

34
 ABSTRACT MEASURE THEORY

Course No: IMTH 902 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To extend the concept of measure to abstract spaces for various measures
in order to obtain corresponding analogs of various results of Lebesgue measure.

UNIT-I
Semi-ring, ring, algebra and 𝜎 - algebra of sets, measures on semi-rings, outer measure
associated with a set function and basic properties, measurable sets associated with an
outer measure as a 𝜎 - algebra , outer
measure induced by a measure, non-measurable sets.

UNIT-II
Finite and 𝜎- Finite measure spaces, Measurable sets of finite measure space, Improper
Riemann integral as a Lebesgue integral, calculation of some improper Riemann
integrable functions, Approximation of integrable functions, Riemann Lebesgue lemma.

UNIT-III
Product measures and product 𝜎- algebra, measurable rectangles, monotone class and
elementary sets, expressing a double integral as an iterated integral, examples of non-
integrable functions whose iterated integrals exist (and are equal), Integration on
product spaces, Fubini theorem.

UNIT-IV
For f Є L1 [ a, b ],
F/= f a.e. on [ a, b ]. If f is absolutely continuous on ( a, b) with f(x)=0
a.e, then f = constant. Characterization of an absolutely continuous function as an
indefinite Lebesgue integral. Non-Lebesgue integrability of f where f (x) = x2sin(1/ x2) , f
(0) =0 on [ 0, 1 ]. Fundamental theorem of calculus for the Lebesgue integral. A brief
introduction to Lp spaces. Holder’s and Minkowki’s inequalities.

35
Recommended Books:
1. C.D.Aliprantis and O.Burkinshaw, Principles of Real Analysis
2. Goldberg , R. : Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford IBM Publication.
3. T.M.Apostol : Mathematical Analysis.
4. Royden, L: Real Analysis (PHI).
5. Chae, S.B. Lebesgue Integration(Springer Verlag).
6. Rudin, W. Principles of Mathematicals Analysis(McGraw Hill).
7. Barra ,De. G. : Measure theory and Integration ( Narosa)
8. Rana ,I.K. : An Introduction to Measure and Integration, Narosa Publications.

36
 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS-I

Course No: IMTH 903 CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40
Objectives: To extend the concepts of real and complex domain to abstract spaces in
order to gain insight in the real world phenomenon.

BANACH SPACE:

UNIT -I

Banach Spaces: definition and examples, subspaces, quotient spaces, continuous linear
operators and their characterization, completeness of the space L( X,Y ) of bounded
linear operators (and its converse), incompleteness of C[ a, b ], under the integral norm,
finite dimensional Banach spaces, equivalence of norms on finite dimensional space and
its consequences, dual of a normed linear space, Hahn Banach theorem (extension
form) and its applications, complemented subspaces, duals of lpn, co , lp (p≥1), C[ a, b ].

UNIT -II

Uniform boundedness, principle and weak boundedness, dimension of an -

dimensional Banach space, conjugate of a continuous linear operator and its
properties, Banach-Steinhauss theorem, open mapping and closed graph theorems,
counterexamples to Banach-Steinhauss, open mapping theorem and closed graph
theorems for incomplete domain and range spaces, separable Banach spaces and the
separability of some concrete Banach spaces (co, C[ 0,1], lp, p≥1 ), reflexive Banach
Spaces, closed subspace and the dual of a reflexive Banach space, examples of reflexive
and non-reflexive Banach spaces.

UNIT -III

HILBERT SPACE:

Hilbert spaces: definition and examples, Cauchy’s Schwartz inequality, parallogram

law, orthonormal (o.n) systems, Bessel’s inequality and Parseval’s Identity for
complete orthonormal systems, Riesz-Fischer theorem, Gram Schmidt process, o.n
basis in separable Hilbert spaces.

37
 UNIT -IV

Projection theorem, Riesz Representation theorem, counter example to the projection

theorem and Riesz representation theorem for incomplete spaces, Hilbert property of
the dual of a Hilbert space and counter examples of incomplete inner product spaces,
reflexivity of Hilbert space, adjoint of a Hilbert space operator, weak convergence and
Bolzano-Weirstrass property in Hilbert Spaces, normal and unitary operators, finite
dimensional spectral theorem for normal operators.

Recommended Books:

1. B.V.Limaya, Functional Analysis, 2nd edition, Newage International

Publishers.
2. C.Goffman G. Pedrick, A First Course in Functional Analysis, 2nd edition, AMS
Chelsea Publishers.
3. E.Kreyszig; Introductory functional Analysis with Applications, wiley
international.
4. J.B. Conway, A Course in Functional Analysis, 2nd edition, springer.

38
 FOURIER ANALYSIS

Course No. IMTH 904CR Total Credits: 02

(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: The primary object of this course is to give conceptual knowledge of

Fourier Series and its applications to heat flow and vibrating string problems.

UNIT -I

Fourier Series

Motivation and definition of Fourier series, Fourier series over the interval of length
2π, change of the interval, the complex exponential Fourier series, criteria for the
convergence of Fourier series, Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, convergence at a point of
continuity and at a point of discontinuity, uniform convergence and convergence in
mean of the Fourier series.
UNIT -II

Derivatives and Integrals of Fourier Series

Differentiation of Fourier series, differentiation of the sine and cosine series,

convergence theorems related to the derived Fourier series, integration of Fourier
series, applications of Fourier series to Heat flow and Vibrating string problems.
Books Recommended:

1. E.M. Stein and R. Shakarchi, Fourier Analysis, An introduction,

Princeton University Press, 2002.
2. K. B. Howell, Principles of Fourier Analysis, Chapman & Hall/ CRC,
Press, 2001.
3. Lokenath Debnath, Wavelet Transforms and their Applications,
Birkhauser, 2002.
4. G. P. Tolstov, Fourier Series, Dover, 1972.
5. Zygmund, Trigonometric Series (2nd Ed., Volume I & II Combined), Cambridge
University Press, 1959.

39
 Discipline Centric Electives (DCE)

ADVANCED GRAPH THOERY

Course No: IMTH 905 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To expose the student to the various concepts of graph theory in order to
model many types of relations and processes in physical, biological, social and
information systems.

UNIT -I

Colorings
Vertex coloring, chromatic number
𝜒 (G), bounds for 𝜒 (G), Brook’s theorem,
edge coloring, Vizing’s theorem, map coloring, six color theorem, five color theorem,
every graph is four colourable iff every cubic bridgeless plane map is
4-colorable, every planar graph is 4-colorable iff coloring (G ) = 3, Heawood map-
theorem, uniquely colorable graphs
UNIT -II

Matchings

Matchings and 1-factors, Berge’s theorem, Hall’s theorem, 1-factor theorem of Tutte,
antifactor sets, f-factor theorem, f-factor theorem implies1-factor theorem, Erdos-
Gallai theorem follows from f-factor theorem, degree factors, k-factor theorem,
factorization of Kn .

UNIT -III

Edge graphs and eccentricity sequences

Edge graphs, Whitney’s theorem on edge graphs, Beineke’s theorem, edge graphs of
trees, edge graphs and traversibility, total graphs, eccentricity sequences and sets,
Lesniak theorem for trees, construction of trees, neighbourhoods, Lesniak theorem
graphs.

40
 UNIT -IV

Groups in graphs and graph spectra

Automorphism groups of graphs, graph with a given group, Frucht’s theorem, Cayley
digraph, spectrum of a graph, spectrum of some graphs-regular graph, compliment of a
graph, edge graph, complete graph, complete bipartite, cycle and path, Laplacian
spectrum, energy of a graph, Laplacian energy.

Recommended Books:

1. R. Balakrishnan, K. Ranganathan, A Text Book of Graph Theory, Springer-

Verlag, New York
2. B. Bollobas, Extremal Graph Theory, Academic Press.
3. F. Harary, Graph Theory, Addison-Wesley.
4. Narsingh Deo, Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer
Science, Prentice Hall
5. S. Pirzada, An Introduction to Graph Theory, Universities Press,
Orient Blackswan, 2012
6. W. T. Tutte, Graph Theory, Cambridge University Press.
7. D. B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, Prentice Hall.

41
 Computational Mathematics with MATLAB

Course No: IMTH 906 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

UNIT –I

Introduction to MATLAB Programing-Basic Programing Constructs- Arrays and vectors- Symbolic

Math in MATLAB- 2D and 3D plotting.

UNIT –II

Polynomial- Degree of a Polynomial- Polynomial representation – Evaluating polynomials (value of

Polynomial)- Plotting a Polynomial- Roots of a Polynomial:- Numeric roots- Symbolic roots- solving
equations symbolically- Solving system of equations symbolically- determining Coefficients of a
polynomial- factorizing a polynomial- Expanding a polynomial- Simplifying a polynomial-
Mathematical operation.

UNIT –III

Calculus- Symbolic and Numeric integration-Indefinite and definite integrals- Symbolic vs Numerical
differentiation- Numerical approximation to derivatives- Partial derivatives.

UNIT –IV

Linear Equations- Elementary Solution methods to solve linear equations- Matrix methods for linear
Equations- Solving Higher order Equations- Solving system of equations- Differential equations-
Solving ordinary differential equations- Plotting differential equations- Solution using ode solvers
(ode 23, ode 45).

Books Recommended:

1. William J. palm, Introduction to MATLAB for Engineers, McGrawHill Education 2010.

2. Stephen J. Chapman, Essentials of MATLAB programming, cengage learning 2016.
3. Rudra Pratab, Getting started with MATLAB, A quick introduction for scientists and
engineers, Oxford Unv. Press 2010.
4. Amos Gilat, MATLAB An introduction with Applications, John Wiley & sons,INC.

42
 ADVANCED TOPICS IN TOPOLOGY AND MODERN ANALYSIS

Course No: IMTH 907 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To provide the students an integrated development of modern analysis and

topology through the integrating vehicle of uniforms spaces.

UNIT -I
Uniform spaces, definition and examples, uniform topology, metrizability complete
regularity of uniform spaces, pre-compactness and compactness in uniform spaces,
uniform continuity.
UNIT II
Uniform continuity, uniform continuous maps on compact spaces Cauchy convergence
and completeness in uniform spaces, initial uniformity, simple applications to function
spaces, Arzela- Ascoli theorem.
UNIT -III

Abstract harmonic analysis, definition of a topological group and its basic properties.
subgroups and quotient groups, product groups and projective limits, properties of
topological groups involving connectedness, invariant metrics and Kakutani theorem,
structure theory for compact and locally compact, Abelian groups.

UNIT -IV

Some special theory for compact and locally compact Abelian groups, Haar integral and
Haar measure, invariant means defined for all bounded functions, convolution of
functions and measures, elements of representation theory, unitary representations of
locally compact groups.

Recommended Books:
1. I. M. James, Uniform Spaces, Springer Verlag.
2. K. D. Joshi, Introduction to General Topology.
3. K. Berberian, Lectures on Operator Theory and Functional Analysis, Springer
Verlag.
4. G. B. Folland, Real Analysis, John Wiley.

References:
1.G. Murdeshwar, General Topology.
2.E. Hewitt & K.A Ross, Abstract Harmonic Analysis-I, Springer Verlag.
43
 WAVELET THEORY

Course No: IMTH 908 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To study powerful wavelet basic functions and find efficient methods for
their competitions in order to study signal processing.

UNIT -I

Time Frequency Analysis and Wavelet Transforms

Gabor transforms, basic properties of Gabor transforms, continuous and discrete

wavelet transforms with examples, basic properties of wavelet transforms, examples of
Haar wavelet, Mexican hat wavelet and their Fourier transforms, dyadic orthonormal
wavelet bases for 𝐿2(ℝ).

UNIT -II

Multiresolution Analysis and Construction of Wavelets

Definition and examples of multiresolution analysis (MRA), properties of scaling

functions and orthonormal wavelet bases, construction of orthonormal wavelets with
special reference to Haar wavelet, Franklin wavelet and Battle- Lemarie wavelet, Spline
wavelets, construction of compactly supported wavelets, Daubechie’s wavelets and
algorithms.

UNIT -III

Other Wavelet Constructions and Characterizations

Introduction to basic equations, some applications of basic equations, characterization

of MRA wavelets and scaling functions, construction of biorthogonal wavelets, wavelet
packets, definition and examples of wavelets in higher dimensions.

44
 UNIT -IV

Further Extensions of Multiresolution Analysis

Periodic multiresolution analysis and the construction of periodic wavelets,
multiresolution analysis associated with integer dilation factor (M-band wavelets),
harmonic wavelets, properties of harmonic scaling functions.

Recommended Books:

1. L. Debnath, Wavelet Transforms and their Applications, Birkhauser, 2002.

2. I. Daubechies, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, CBS-NSF Regional Conferences in
Applied Mathematics, 61, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1992.
3. K. Ahmad and F. A. Shah, Introduction to Wavelets with Applications, Real
World Education Publishers, New Delhi, 2013.

References:

1. C. K. Chui, An Introduction to Wavelets, Academic Press, New York,

1992.
2. M. Pinsky, Introduction to Fourier Analysis and Wavelets, Brooks/Cole,
2002.
3. E. Hernandez and G. Weiss, A First Course on Wavelets, CRC Press,New
York (1996).

45
 Generic Electives (GE)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Course No. IMTH 909 GE Total Credits: 02

Examination: Total Marks: 50
(c). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(d). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Unit I:
Introduction to artificial intelligence, First Order Logic, Inference in First Order Logic,
Prepositional versus First Order Logic, Expert Systems Forward chaining, Backward chaining,
conflict Resolution, Knowledge representation, Uncertainty theory.

Unit II:
Search Algorithms, Heuristic Search, Genetic Algorithms, Cross over, Mutation, Fuzzy Logic,
Fuzzification , Fuzzy Sets, Hedges, Max-product inferencing, Multiple premise inference, Multiple
rule inference, Defuzzification.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Artificial intelligence by Negnevitsky, Addison Wesley Publication.

References:
1. Patterson, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and expert systems, Pearson Education.
2. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003.
3. Luger , G.F, Artificial Intelligence, structures and strategies for complex problem solving, Pearson
Education/Prentise Hall of India -2002.

46
 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Course No: IMTH 910 OE Total Credits: 02

(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To enable the student to formulate mathematical models of real life

problems and find their solutions.

UNIT -I

Introduction to mathematical modeling, types of modeling, classification of

mathematical models, formulation, solution and interpretation of a model, models in
population dynamics, linear growth and decay models, non-linear growth and decay
models, continuous population models for single species, delay models, logistic growth
model, discrete models, age structured populations, Fibonacci’s rabbits, the golden
ratio, compartment models, limitations of mathematical models.

UNIT -II

Mathematical modeling through system of ordinary differential equations,

compartment models through system of ODE’s, modeling in economics, medicine,
international trade, gravitation; planetary motion; basic theory of linear difference
equations with constant coefficients, mathematical models through difference
equations in population dynamics, finance and genetics, modeling through graphs.

Books Recommended:

1. J. N. Kapur, Mathematical Modelling, New Age International Publishers.

2. Neil Gerschenfeld : The nature of Mathematical modeling, Cambridge
University Press, 1999.
3. A. C. Fowler : Mathematical Models in Applied Sciences, Cambridge
University Press, 1997.
4. M. R. Cullen, Linear Models in Biology, Ellis Harwood Ltd.
5. J.N. Kapur, Mathematical Model in Biology and Medicines.

6. M.A.Khanday, Introduction to Modelling and BioMathematics, Ariana publishers,

NewDelhi.

47
 Core (CR)
SEMESTER-X

PARTIAL DIFFRENTIAL EQUATIONS

Course No: IMTH 1001 CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To familiarize the students with the fundamental concepts of PDE’s and
their solutions in the context of Laplace, Heat and Wave equations.

UNIT -I

Introduction to partial differential equations, partial differential equations of first

order, linear and non-linear partial differential equations, Lagrange’s method for the
solution of linear partial differential equations, Charpits method and Jacobi methods
for the solution of non-linear partial differential equations, initial-value problems for
quasi-linear first-order equations, Cauchy’s method of characteristics.

UNIT -II

Origin of second order partial differential equations, linear partial differential

equations with constant coefficients, methods for solution of second order partial
differential equations, classification of second order partial differential equations,
canonical forms, adjoint operators, Riemann’s method, Monge’s method for the
solution of non-linear partial differential equations.

UNIT -III

Derivation of Laplace and heat equations, boundary value problems, Drichlet’s and
Neumann problems for a circle and sphere; solutions by separation of variables
method, cylindrical coordinates and spherical polar coordinate system, maximum-
minimum principle, uniqueness theorem, Sturm-Liouville theory.

UNIT -IV

Derivation of wave equation, D’ Alembert’s solution of one dimensional wave equation,

separation of variables method, periodic solutions; method of eigen functions,
Duhamel’s principle for wave equation, Laplace and Fourier transforms and their
applications to partial differential equations, Green function method and its
applications.

48
Recommended Books:

1. Robert C. McOwen, Partial Differential Equations-Methods and

Applications, Pearson Education, Delhi, 2004.
2. L. C. Evans, Partial Differential Equations, GTM, AMS, 1998
3. Diran Basmadjian, The Art of Modelling in Science and Engineering, Chapman
& Hall/CRC, 1999.
4. E. DiBenedetto, Partial Differential Equations, Birkhauser, Boston, 1995.
5. F. John, Partial Differential Equations, 3rd ed., Narosa Publ. Co., New Delhi,1979.
6. E. Zauderer, Partial Differential Equations of Applied Mathematics, 2nd ed., John
Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989

49
 DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

Course No: IMTH 1002 CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To inculcate the students to study the geometric properties of curves,

surfaces and their higher-dimensional analogs using the methods of calculus.

UNIT -I

Curves: differentiable curves, regular point, parameterization of curves, arc- length,

arc-length is independent of parameterization, unit speed curves, plane curves,
curvature of plane curves, osculating circle, centre of curvature. computation of
curvature of plane curves, directed curvature, examples, straight line, circle, ellipse,
tractrix, evolutes and involutes, space curves, tangent vector, unit normal vector and
unit binormal vector to a space curve, curvature and torsion of a space curve, the
Frenet-Serret theorem, first fundamental theorem of space curves, intrinsic equation of
a curve, computation of curvature and torsion, characterization of helices and curves
on sphere in terms of their curvature and torsion, evolutes and involutes of space
curves.

UNIT -II

Surfaces: regular surfaces with examples, coordinate charts or curvilinear coordinates,

change of coordinates, tangent plane at a regular point, normal to the surface,
orientable surface, differentiable mapping between regular surfaces and their
differential, fundamental form or a metric of a surface, line element, invariance of a line
element under change of coordinates, angle between two curves, condition of
orthogonality of coordinate curves, area of bounded region, invariance of area under
change of coordinates.

UNIT -III

Curvature of a Surface: normal curvature, Euler’s work on principal curvature, qualitative

behavior of a surface near a point with prescribed principal curvatures, the Gauss map and
its differential, the differential of Gauss is self- adjoint, second fundamental form, normal
curvature in terms of second fundamental form. Meunier theorem, Gaussian curvature,
Weingarten equation, Gaussian curvature K (p) = (eg-f2)/EG-F2, surface of revolution,

50
 surfaces with constant positive or negative Gaussian curvature, Gaussian curvature in
terms of area, line of curvature, Rodrigue’s formula for line of curvature, equivalence of
surfaces, isometry between surfaces, local isometry, and characterization of local
isometry.

UNIT -IV

Christoffel symbols, expressing Christoffel symbols in terms of metric coefficients and

their derivative, Theorema egrerium (Gaussian curvature is intrinsic), isometric
surfaces have same Gaussian curvatures at corresponding points, Gauss equations and
Manardi Codazzi equations for surfaces, fundamental theorem for regular surface.
(Statement only).

Geodesics: geodesic curvature, geodesic curvature is intrinsic, equations of geodesic,

geodesic on sphere and pseudo sphere, geodesic as distance minimizing curves. Gauss-
Bonnet theorem (statement only), geodesic triangle on sphere, implication of Gauss-
Bonnet theorem for geodesic triangle.

Recommended Books:

1. John Mc Cleary, Geometry from a differentiable Viewpoint. (Cambridge Univ. Press)

2. W. Klingenberg, A course in Differential Geometry (Spring Verlag).
3. C. E. Weatherburn, Differential Geometry of Three dimensions, Cambridge Unv. press
4. T. Willmore, An Introduction to Differential Geometry, Dover Publications Inc.
5. J. M. Lee, Riemannian Manifolds, an Introduction to Curvature, Springer.

51
 ABSTRACT ALGEBRA-II

Course No: IMTH 1003 CR Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To expose the students to Galios theory in problem solving context and to
apply the group theoretic information to deduce results about fields and polynomials.

UNIT -I
Relation and ordering, partially ordered sets, lattices, properties of lattices, lattices as
algebraic systems, sub-lattices, direct product and homomorphism, modular lattices,
complete lattices, bounds of lattices, distributive Lattice, complemented lattices.

UNIT -II

Modules, sub-modules, quotient modules, homomorphism and isomorphism theorem,

cyclic modules, simple modules, semi-simple modules, Schuer's lemma, free modules,
ascending chain condition and maximum condition, and their equivalence, descending
chain condition and minimum condition and their equivalence, direct sums of
modules, finitely generated modules.
UNIT -III

Fields: Prime fields and their structure, extensions of fields, algebraic numbers and
algebraic extensions of a field, roots of polynomials, remainder and factor theorems,
splitting field of a polynomial, existence and uniqueness of splitting fields of
polynomials , simple extension of a field.

UNIT -IV

Separable and in-separable extensions, the primitive element theorem, finite fields,
perfect fields, the elements of Galois theory, automorphisms of fields, normal
extensions, fundamental theorem of Galois theory, construction with straight edge and
compass, ℝn is a field iff n = 1, 2.

Recommended Books:

1. I. N. Heristein, Topics in Algebra, John wiley & sons, Inc.

2. K. S. Miller, Elements of Modern Abstract Algera, Harter,1958.
3. Surjeet Singh and Qazi Zameer-ud-din, Modern Algebra, Vikas
Publishers Pvt. Limited.

52
 LINEAR ALGEBRA

Course No: IMTH 1004 CR Total Credits: 02

(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To inculcate the students to study linear functions and their

representations through matrices and vector spaces.

UNIT -I

Linear transformation, algebra of linear transformations, linear operators, invertible

linear transformations, matrix representation of a Linear transformation, linear
functionals, dual spaces, dual basis, anhilators, eigen values and eigen-vectors of linear
transformation, diagonalization, similarity of linear transformation.

UNIT -II

Canonical forms: triangular form, invariance, invariant direct sum decomposition,

primary decomposition, nilpotent operators, Jordon canonical form, cyclic subspaces,
rational canonical form, quotient spaces, bilinear forms, alternating bilinear forms,
symmetric bilinear forms, quadratic forms.

Books Recommended:

1. Robort A. Beezer, A first course in linear algebra, congruent press, 3rd edition,
2012.
2. John B. Fraleigh and Raymond, Linear Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1995.
3. A. K. Sharma, Linear Algebra, Reymond A. Beauregard.
4. Vivek Sahai and Vikas Bist, Linear Algebra, Alpha Science International.

53
 Discipline Centric Electives (DCE)
ANALYTIC THEORY OF POLYNOMIALS

Course No: IMTH 1005 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To expose to the study of polynomials, their extremal problems, zeros,

critical points and their location.

UNIT -I

Introduction, the fundamental theorem of algebra (revisited), symmetric polynomials,

the continuity theorem, orthogonal polynomials, general properties, the classical
orthogonal polynomials, tools from matrix analysis.

UNIT -II

Critical points in terms of zeros, fundamental results and critical points, convex hulls
and Gauss-Lucas theorem, some applications of Gauss-Lucas theorem, extensions of
Gauss-Lucas theorem, average distance from a line or a point, real polynomials and
Jenson’s theorem, extensions of Jenson’s theorem.

UNIT -III

Derivative estimates on the unit interval, inequalities of S. Bernstein and

A. Markov, extensions of higher order derivatives, two other extensions, dependence of
the bounds on the zeros, some special classes, Bernstein Theorem on unit disk and its
generalization, Lp analog of Bernstein’s inequality.

UNIT –IV
Coefficient estimates, polynomials on the unit circles, coefficients of real trigonometric
polynomials, polynomials on the unit interval. (Scope of above syllabus as given in the
book “Analytic Theory of Polynomials” by Rahman and Schmeisser)
Recommended Books:
1. Q. I. Rahman and G.Schmeisser, Analytic Theory of Polynomials, Oxford Unv. Press,
2002
2. Morris Marsden, Geometry of Polynomials, AMS.
3. G. V. Milovanovic, D.S.Mitrinovic and Th. M. Rassias, Topics in Polynomials,
Extremal Properties, Problems, Inequalities, Zeroes, world Scientific.
4. G. Polya and G. Szego, Problems and Theorems in Analysis Springer Verlag
New York Heidelberg Berlin.
54
 MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Course No: IMTH 1006 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(a). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Unit-I
Characteristic function, Properties of Characteristic function, Necessary and sufficient condition for
a function 𝜒(t)to be a characteristic function, inversion theorem, uniqueness theorem of
characteristics function, continuity theorem of characteristic function, Chebychev’s inequality and
its applications, Weak law of large numbers, Khinchins Theorem for weak law of large numbers,
Strong law of large numbers.
Unit-II

Central Limit Theorem and its applications, De-Moivre’s Laplace Theorem, Lindberg Levy Theorem,
Liapounoff’s Central Limit Theorem, Cramer’s Theorem.
Unit-III
Order statistics: Definition and Properties, Cumulative Distribution Function of a Single order
Statistics, Probability Density Function of Single Order Statistics, Joint and Marginal PDF of Order
statistics, Discrete Order Statistics and their Joint p. m. f.
Unit-IV
Linear Models, Gauss-Markov Setup, Model Classification, Normal Equations and Least Square
Estimates, Variance and Co-variance of least square estimates, estimation of error variance,
estimation with correlated observations.
Text books:
• Rao, R. C: Linear Statistical Inferences and Its Applications, Wiley eastern.
• Rohatogi, V. K: An Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, Wiley
eastern.
• Basu, A. K: Probability and Measure Theory, Narosa publication.
• Kapoor, V. K: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand publications.
References:
• Searle, S. R: Linear Models, Wiley eastern.
• Pitman, J: Probability, Narosa publications.
• Draper, N and Smith, H: Linear Models in Statistics, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics.
• Hogg and Craig: An introduction to Mathematical Statistics.

55
 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS-II

Course No: IMTH 1007 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To enable the student to understand the properties of Banach spaces in

terms of bounded linear operators, separability and reflexivity of such spaces.

UNIT -I
Relationship between analytic and geometric forms of Hahn-Banach theorem,
applications of Hahn-Banach theorem, Banach limits, Markov-Kakutani theorem for a
commuting family of maps, complemented subspaces of Banach spaces,
complentability of dual of a Banach space in its bidual,
uncomplementability of co in l∞ .

UNIT -II
Dual of subspaces, quotient spaces of a normed linear space, weak and weak*
topologies on a Banach space, Goldstiene’s theorem, Banach Alaoglu theorem and its
simple consequences, Banach’s closed range theorem, injective and surjective bounded
linear mappings between Banach spaces.

UNIT -III
l∞ and C[0,1] as universal separable Banach spaces, l1 as quotient universal
separable Banach spaces, Reflexivity of Banach spaces and weak compactness,
Completeness of Lp[a,b], extreme points, Krein-Milman theorem and its simple
consequences.

UNIT -IV
Dual of l∞ , C(X) and Lp spaces. Mazur-Ulam theorem on isometries between
real normed spaces, Muntz theoremin C[a,b].

Recommended Books:

1. J. B. Conway, A First Course in Functional Analysis (Springer Verlag).

2. R. E. Megginson, An Introduction to Banach Space theory (Springer
Verlag, GTM, Vol. 183)
3. Lawrence Bagget, Functional Analysis, A Primer (Chapman and Hall,
1991).
References:
1. B. Ballobas, Linear Analysis (Camb. Univ.Pres).
2. B. Beauzamy, Introduction to Banach Spaces and their geometry (North
Holland).
3. Walter Rudin, Functional Analysis (Tata McGrawHill).

56
 NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS

Course No: IMTH 1008DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min.Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To inculcate the students to study various methods to solve problems

involving the homogeneous and non-homogeneous operators.

UNIT -I

Convex Sets, best approximation properties, topological properties, separation,

nonexpansive operators, projectors onto convex sets, fixed points of nonexpansive
operators, averaged nonexpansive operators, Fejer monotone sequences, convex
cones, generalized interiors, polar and dual cones, tangent and normal cones, convex
functions, variants, between linearity and convexity, uniform and strong convexity,
quasiconvexity

UNIT -II

Gateaux Derivative, Frechet Derivative, lower semicontinuous convex functions,

subdifferential of convex functions, directional derivatives, characterization of
convexity and strict convexity, directional derivatives and subgradients, Gateaux and
Frechet differentiability, differentiability and continuity

UNIT -III

Monotone operators, strong notions of monotonicity such as para, cyclic, strict,

uniform and strong monotonicity, maximal monotone operator and their properties,
bivariate functions and maximal monotonicity, Debrunner-Flor theorem, Minty
theorem, Rockfeller’s cyclic monotonicity theorem, monotone operators on R.

UNIT -III
Reisz-Representation theorem, projection mappings and their properties,
characterization of projection onto convex sets and their geometrical interpretation,

Billinear forms and its applications, Lax-Milgram lemma, minimization of functionals,

variational inequalities, relationship between abstract minimization problems and
variational inequalities, Lions Stampacchia theorem for existence of solution of
variational inequality.

57
Recommended Books:

1. H. H. Bauschke and P. L. Combettes, Convex Analysis and Monotone

Operator Theory in Hilbert Spaces, Springer New York, 2011.
2. D. Kinderlehrer and G. Stampacchia, An Introduction to Variational
Inequalities and Their Applications, Academic Press, New York, 1980.
3. A. H. Siddiqi, K. Ahmed and Manchanda, P. Introduction to Functional
Analysis with Applications, Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi-2006.

References:

1. I. Ekland and R. Temam, Convex Analysis and Variational Problems,

W.Takahashi, Nonlinear Functional Analysis, North-Holland Publishing
Company-Ammsterdam, 1976.
2. M. C. Joshi and R. K. Bose, Nonlinear Functional Analysis and its Applications,
Willey Eastern Limited, 1985.

58
 PROJECT

Course No: IMTH 1009 DCE Total Credits: 04

Examination: Total Marks: 100
(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 20
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 80
Time Duration: 2 ½ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 40

Objectives: To develop the skill of writing mathematical topics and

presentations of proofs of fundamental results pertaining to the subject

The student opting for project will have to work on the research problem in any
o n e of the following areas:

i. Complex Analysis

ii. Functional Analysis

iii. Graph Theory and Algebra

iv. Mathematical Biology

v. Mathematical Statistics

The student will be put under the guidance of faculty member of the respective
area. At the end the student will have to submit dissertation. The dissertation
will carry 80 marks following which there will be a viva-voce examination
carrying 20 marks.

59
 Open Electives (OE)
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Course No: IMTH 1011 OE Total Credits: 02

(a). Assessment Max. Marks: 10
(b). Theory Max. Marks: 40
Time Duration: 1 ¼ hrs Min. Pass Marks: 20

Objectives: To introduce the student to various concepts of Boolean Algebra

and Lattices to be applied in day to day problems related to networking
structure, transportation etc.

UNIT-I

Lattices: Set operations, product sets, equivalence relations, relation and

ordering, partially ordered sets, chain or completely ordered sets, lattices
properties, lattices and algebraic systems, sub-lattices, direct product and
homomorphism, modular lattices, complete lattices, distributive lattices,
complemented lattices.

UNIT-II
Boolean Algebra: Introduction, binary operations, algebraic structure, Boolean
algebra, general properties of Boolean algebra, Boolean expressions, principle
of Duality, Boolean algebra as a lattice, sub-Boolean algebra, direct product
and homomorphism, representation theorem.

Recommended Books:

1. Discrete Mathematics, Schaum’s Outlines, Ind. Edition Tata McGraw-

Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi.
2. A Text Book of Discrete Mathematics, Harish Mittal, Vinay K.Goyal,
Deepak K. Goyal, I. K. Int. Publishing House Pvt. Ltd (2010).
3. Discrete Mathematical Structures, Kolman, Busby, Pross, Sixth
Edition, PHI Laming Pvt. Ltd. (2010).
4. Discrete Mathematics, Richard Johnson Baugh, sixth edition,
Pearson Prentice Hall (2007).

60