ASTM D4048 - 19a
ASTM D4048 - 19a
ASTM D4048 - 19a
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosive- 3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D4175.
ness to copper of lubricating grease. 3.2 copper corrosion, n—effect of a chemical attack on
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as copper metal by a lubricant causing various levels of tarnishing
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are and change in appearance.
provided for information only and are not considered standard. 3.2.1 Discussion—Acidic and other aggressive species, of-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ten sulfur-based, in a lubricant can attack copper or copper
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the alloys present in bearings or other lubricated surfaces. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- presence of this antagonistic interaction is often apparent in a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- well-defined series of color changes.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.3 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two sur-
For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10. faces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.4 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.4.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. commonly included to impart special properties.
2. Referenced Documents 4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 4.1 A prepared copper strip is totally immersed in a sample
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products of grease and heated in an oven or liquid bath at a specified
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro- temperature for a definite period of time. Commonly used
leum Products by Copper Strip Test conditions are 100 °C 6 1 °C (212 °F 6 2 °F) for 24 h 6
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products 5 min. At the end of this heating period, the strip is removed,
and Liquid Fuels washed, and compared with the Copper Strip Corrosion Stan-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid dard.
Fuels, and Lubricants
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: 5. Significance and Use
Copper Strip Corrosion Standard3 5.1 This test method measures the tendency of lubricating
grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It
may be of some value in predicting possible chemical attack on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on lubricated parts, such as bearings that contain copper or copper
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.
alloys. Such corrosion, for example, can cause premature
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally bearing failures. However, no correlations with actual field
published in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4048 – 19. DOI: service, most of which are under dynamic conditions, have
10.1520/D4048-19A. been established. It does not measure either the ability of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM lubricant to inhibit copper corrosion caused by factors other
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on than the lubricant itself nor does it measure the stability of the
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opaque strip and observe. If there is any evidence of fading of or by wearing impervious gloves (see Note 3). Alternatively,
the exposed portion, it is suggested that the standard be the surface of the strip may be prepared by use of motor-driven
replaced. machines using appropriate grades of dry paper or cloth.
6.6.1.2 These plaques are full-color productions of typical
NOTE 3—Disposable polyethylene is one type of glove that has been
strips. They have been printed on photolithographed strips and found to be satisfactory. However, any type of glove that is impervious to
are encased in plastic for protection. Directions for their use are the reagents and materials used in this test method, while preventing
given on the reverse side of each plaque. fingers from contacting the strip directly, may also be used.
6.6.2 If the surface of the plastic cover shows excessive 8.1.2 Final Polishing—Remove strip from the wash solvent.
scratching, it is suggested that the plaque be replaced. Holding it in the fingers protected with the ashless filter paper,
4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1187. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
Grease A B C D E F
Run No. 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2c 2c 1a 1a 1b 1b 1a 1a 4a 4a 2c 2c
2 1a 1a 1a 1a 1b 1b 1a 1a 4a 4a 1b 1b
3 1a 1a 1a 1a 1b 1a 1a 1a 4a 4a 1b 1b
4 1a 1a 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b 1b 3b 3b 2c 2c
5 1a 1a 1a 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 3
6 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 4b 4b 4a 4a
7 1a 1a 1b 1b 1b 1b 1a 1a 4a 4a 3a 3b
8 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 4a 4a 1b 1b
9 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 4a 4a 1b 1b
10 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 4b 4b 1b 1b
11 2c 1b 1a 1b 1b 1b 1a 1a 4a 4a 2c 2c
12 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 1a 4b 4b 1b 1b
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Subcommittee D02.G0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D4048 – 19) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2019.)
Subcommittee D02.G0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D4048 – 16ɛ1) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2019.)
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