Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 29 views

    Dresscher & Mark. 1976

    Uploaded by

    rpuspita358
    A-MESOSAPROBIC -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 SAPROBIC QUOTIENT

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dresscher & Mark. 1976

    Uploaded by

    rpuspita358
    29 views3 pages
    A-MESOSAPROBIC -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 SAPROBIC QUOTIENT

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    A-MESOSAPROBIC -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 SAPROBIC QUOTIENT

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views3 pages

    Dresscher & Mark. 1976

    Uploaded by

    rpuspita358
    A-MESOSAPROBIC -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 SAPROBIC QUOTIENT

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Hydrobiologia vol. 48, 3, pag .

    199-201, 1976

    A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR THE BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF


    FRESH AND SLIGHTLY BRACKISH WATER

    Th . G . N . DRESSCHER* & H . van der MARK**

    *Prinses Marijkelaan i, Wezep . The Netherlands


    **Roerstraat 5, Emmeloord . The Netherlands

    Received April 22, 1974

    Keywords : Saprobic index. Biological quality assessment

    Abstract mented and modified by Liebmann (1962), Slade6ek


    (1963) and other workers . The two first mentioned re-
    A simplified method for the biological assessment of the searchers called their method for the determination of the
    saprobic quality of surface water is described . The method degree of pollution 'Saprobiensystem' . Although this
    has the advantage that it is unnecessery to determine accu- system still lacks a fundamental basis, it is in fact used in
    rately the species of organisms present in the sample, many forms for the assessment of the quality of water .
    which must be done when existing saprobic systems are
    used . The method described here cannot be used when
    there is a great abundance of a single species and a very Description of the simplified method
    strong environmental disturbance must be assumed .
    The above-mentioned evaluation systems require a thor-
    ough knowledge of the organisms present in plankton . W e
    Introduction have, however, assumed that the saprobic degree may also
    be determined by examining the proportion between the
    Over the years a number of systems have been designed numbers of species of single groups of microorganisms,
    to assess the pollution of fresh water (Bick, 1963 ; Slade6ek, in other words, that the extent of pollution may manifest
    1973), including the various saprobic systems in which the itself biologically in the numerical proportion between the
    degree of water pollution is expressed in terms of saprobic heterotrophic, mixotrophic and autotrophic organisms
    degrees . present in surface water at a given moment . It was for this
    The saprobic degree is a measure for the phase in which reason that we chose the following groups :
    the process of conversion of biologically decomposable Ciliata, indicating polysaprobity group A
    substances has taken place in surface water . Determina- Euglenophyta, indicating a-mesosaprobity group B
    tion of these phases, which merge imperceptibly into one Chlorococcales + Diatomeae, indicating
    another, can be made by examining the population of 13-mesosaprobity group C
    living organisms present in the water, since experience has Peridineae + Chrysophyceae + Conjugatae,
    shown that some organisms are able to survive in a partic- indicating oligosaprobity group D
    ular phase of the conversion process . The organisms that
    more or less clearly restrict themselves to a certain phase To determine the numerical proportion between the spe-
    are used to mark that phase . Kolkwitz & Marsson (i9o8, cies found within these groups, we began by using plankton
    1909) listed groups of organisms, which were later supple- material concentrated from one or more litres of water .
    The number of species of Ciliata may only be determined
    on the day when samples are taken and in unfixed samples
    Dr . W. Junk b .v. Publishers - The Hague, The Netherlands of water, i .e . with living organisms . In other cases, micro-

    199
    scopic examination may be carried out on fixed material . tem . Experience has shown that the number of these spe-
    The number of forms is recorded for each group . The cies has no significant effect on the results obtained with
    proportion between the numbers found constitutes the the formula recommended . For instance, figure r gives
    basis for an assessment . When one group clearly predom- data on net plankton recorded at Lobith (The Nether-
    inates, the saprobic degree may be stated at once . lands) between the years 1968 and 1971 (Government
    In view of the fact that the indicating importance of the Institute for Sewage Purification, unpublished data) pro-
    groups are not quite the same and the overall picture of the cessed by the assessment method proposed by the authors
    figures more clearly reflects the transition from one phase and the widely used Pantle & Buck method (1955) . The
    to another, a formula has been devised to simplify assess- similarity of the results obtained with the two systems is
    ment and to give the possibility to represent the results very clear . It should be pointed out, however, that our
    graphically: method cannot be used when there is a great abundance
    C+3D-B-3A of a single species ('water bloom') which virtually elimi-
    X = ; this gives a single figure, the sa- nates the other species . In such cases we must assume that
    A+ B +C+ D we are dealing with a very strong environmental distur-
    probic quotient X . The letters indicate the number of bance and, as we stated above, the saprobic quotient
    forms found for each group . The limits for this formula cannot be determined .
    are - 3 (polysaprobic) to +3 (oligosaprobic) . Zero is there-
    fore at the borderline between the situation a-meso-
    saprobic//3-mesosaprobic and /3-mesosaprobic/a-meso- References
    saprobic . This method has the advantage that an accurate
    species determination, which is otherwise necessary for a Bick, H . 1963 . A review of central European methods for the bio-
    logical estimation of water pollution levels .-Bull. World
    biological analysis, is not compulsory . Classification of Health Org . 29 : 401-413 .
    forms into the groups and counting the forms per group Kolkwitz, R. & M . Marsson. 19o8 . Oekologie der pflanzlichen
    is sufficient . Table 1, may be useful for assessing water Saprobien .-Ber . Deutsch . Bot . Ges . 26a : 505-519 .
    quality . In this table the various saprobic quotients are Kolkwitz, R . & M . Marsson. 1909 . Oekologie der tierischen
    Saprobien .-Int . Revue Ges . Hydrobiol. Hydrogr . 2 : 126-152 .
    compared with the degree of pollution and the saprobic Liebmann, H . 1962 . Handbuch der Frischwasser- und Abwasser-
    phases . Biologie, Band I . Oldenbourg, MUnchen : 1-588 .
    Pantle, R . & H . Buck. 1955 . Die biologische Ueberwachung der
    Gewasser and die Darstellung der Ergebnisse . -Gas-, Wasser-
    fach 96 : 604 .
    Discussion Sladedek, V . 1963 . A guide to limnosaprobical organisms, -Sci .
    Papers Inst . Technol . Prague, Technol . Water 7 : 543-612
    Certain species of organisms which do not belong to the Sladedek, V . 1973 . System of water quality from the biological
    saprobic systems will be found in the groups of our sys- point of view .-Ergebn. Limnol . 7 : 1-218 .

    Table i .

    load pollution saprobic phases saprobic quotient

    many organic very severe polysaprobic -3 / -2


    substances poly/a-mesosaprobic -2 / -1'/2

    considerable a-meso/polysaprobic -1'/2 / -I


    a-mesosaprobic -I / - '/2

    organic and moderate a//3-mesosaprobic - '/2 / 0


    inorganic substances /3/ a-mesosaprobic 0 / + /' 2

    slight /3-mesosaprobic + '/2 / +1


    /3-meso/oligosaprobic +1 / +1'/2

    few organic and very slight oligo//3-mesosaprobic +1'/2 / +2


    inorganic substances oligosaprobic +2 / +3

    200
    WATEROUALITY OF THE RIVER RHINE 1968-1971 SA PLING POINT LOBITH
    OLIGOSAPROBI C

    P-MESOSAPROBIC
    V
    4 -o--a -d

    G-MESOSAPROBIC
    A

    POLYSAPROBIC
    1968 I 1969 1 1970 1 1971

    B S I = SYSTEM PANTLE & BUCK


    0---o---0 = SYSTEM DRESSCHER 6 VAN DER MARK

    FIGURE I

    20 1

    You might also like