The document discusses disaster risk assessment and its importance. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, disaster risk reduction, and disaster risk management. It also outlines the main steps in risk assessment, including hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment, and assessing people's perceptions of risk. A comprehensive risk assessment evaluates potential losses from disasters and provides an understanding of their causes and impacts to inform decision making.
The document discusses disaster risk assessment and its importance. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, disaster risk reduction, and disaster risk management. It also outlines the main steps in risk assessment, including hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment, and assessing people's perceptions of risk. A comprehensive risk assessment evaluates potential losses from disasters and provides an understanding of their causes and impacts to inform decision making.
The document discusses disaster risk assessment and its importance. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, disaster risk reduction, and disaster risk management. It also outlines the main steps in risk assessment, including hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment, and assessing people's perceptions of risk. A comprehensive risk assessment evaluates potential losses from disasters and provides an understanding of their causes and impacts to inform decision making.
The document discusses disaster risk assessment and its importance. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, disaster risk reduction, and disaster risk management. It also outlines the main steps in risk assessment, including hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment, and assessing people's perceptions of risk. A comprehensive risk assessment evaluates potential losses from disasters and provides an understanding of their causes and impacts to inform decision making.
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Department of Environmental Science’s Karakoram international University Gilgit
Topic: Disaster risk assessment
Submitted to: Dr .karamat ali
Submitted by: Ali
Registration No: 2018-KIU-451
Course: Disaster management
Semester: Bs6th
Date: 30/Jan/2021
Introduction
Disaster Risk assessment is a process to determine the nature and extent of such risk, by analyzing hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend. . In this way, informed decisions can be made regarding steps to reduce the impacts of disasters.
A comprehensive risk assessment not only evaluates the magnitude and likelihood of potential losses in case of a disaster but also provides full understanding of the causes and impact of those losses. DRA is an integral part of the decision making process. It therefore needs to engage multi-stakeholders from various disciplines and requires close cooperation and collaboration of different organizations and institutions of the target area.
Terminology’s
Hazard
is defined as “a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”. Hazards may be single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is characterized by its "location, intensity or magnitude, frequency, and probability".
Exposure
is defined as “the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas”. As stated in the UNIDRR glossary, “measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest”. Vulnerability
is defined as “the conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards”. Vulnerability is multi-dimensional in its nature, and next to the four dimensions above, some authors also include cultural and institutional factors. Examples include, but are not limited to; poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness, high levels of poverty and education, limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, disregard for wise environmental management or weak institutions, and governance (e.g. including corruption etc.).
Disaster Risk Reduction
Is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development". The UNDRR definition further annotates that “disaster risk reduction is the policy objective of disaster risk management, and its goals and objectives are defined in disaster risk reduction strategies and plans".
Disaster Risk Reduction strategies and policies define goals and objectives across different timescales, with concrete targets, indicators and time frames.
Disaster Risk Management
is the application of disaster risk reduction policies and strategies, to prevent new disaster risks, reduce existing disaster risks, and manage residual risks, contributing to the strengthening of resilience and reduction of losses. Disaster risk management actions can be categorized into; prospective disaster risk management, corrective disaster risk management and compensatory disaster risk management (also referred to as residual risk management).
Steps in Risk Assessment:
Risk Assessment (RA) consists of the following steps:
1. Hazard Assessment:
In this section the researcher identifies the types of hazards that have occurred in the area in the past or can occur in the future. This is usually the first step which then defines other steps because for each hazard, different tools and techniques are used for analysis and assessment. Earthquakes, for example, require different instruments and specializations for analysis than e.g. landslides or floods. The next steps are to find the frequency, seasonality, magnitude, intensity, extent and causes of the occurrence of hazards.
2. Vulnerability Assessment:
This step is performed to determine the elements at risk, degree of vulnerability and the causes of the elements at risk. All elements (people, building, resources etc) which are prone to the hazard are identified and an inventory is prepared. Then the degree of their vulnerability is analysed and causes of their vulnerability are determined.
Critical facility analysis is also performed by determining the critical facilities (that play major role in daily routine life e.g. schools, hospitals, mosques, civic centers etc.) at risk, causes of their vulnerabilities and analyzing historical records of hazard occurence in the identified facilities.
3. Capacity Assessment:
Capacity assessment means to identify the strengths and resources available to reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster. In this step, resources of a community are evaluated by analyzing the available strengths like skills, expertise, equipment, infrastructure etc. Then the availabilty of these reources is evaluated to know how soon these resources can be deployed and become available to use. Another important step is to find out how durable and long lasting these resources are and what is the level of their operational integrity (Ability to complete tasks without supervision).
4. People's perception of Risk:
The process of finding out the perceptions of heterogeneous groups in the community regarding the disasters, hazards and risks that they are facing.
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