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Nofal 12

This document is a lab report submitted by a student to their instructor. It describes experiments adding signals using an adder module. Key findings include: 1) An adder module output an 8Vp-p signal from inputs of 4Vp-p signals, matching expectations. 2) Adding signals with the same frequency sums their magnitudes. 3) Noise can be introduced, as a 1.7Vp-p output was observed from supposedly identical inputs. 4) An adder does not inherently introduce phase shift between input signals.

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Eng Tariq
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19 views6 pages

Nofal 12

This document is a lab report submitted by a student to their instructor. It describes experiments adding signals using an adder module. Key findings include: 1) An adder module output an 8Vp-p signal from inputs of 4Vp-p signals, matching expectations. 2) Adding signals with the same frequency sums their magnitudes. 3) Noise can be introduced, as a 1.7Vp-p output was observed from supposedly identical inputs. 4) An adder does not inherently introduce phase shift between input signals.

Uploaded by

Eng Tariq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication System

LAB ASSIGNMENT-12

SUBMITTED TO
Engr. Israr

SUBMITTED BY

Nofal Ahmad
21-EE-71
Section C2

University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila.


Lab No.12

Implement the model equation

m(t) = 4sin(2*pi*2*k*t)
+ y(t)

m(t) = 4sin(2*pi*2*k*t)

Block Diagram 12.1

y(t) = 4sin(2*pi*2*10k*t)+ 4sin(2*pi*2*10k*t)

= 8sin(2*pi*2*10k*t)

Input Voltage Output Voltage


4 Vp-p 8 Vp-p

Table 12.1
Yes, the adder module’s measured output voltage exactly same as 8 Vp-p as aspected.

Fig 12.1(added signal)

This is because these have same frequencies so the magnitude of signals will be added.
Output Voltages
1.7 Vp-p

Table 12.2

This is because some noise will be added to this signal.

Fig 12.2 (added signal with phase shift)


In an adder module, there typically isn't a phase shift between the signals on its two inputs. The
purpose of an adder is to combine or sum two input signals to produce a single output signal. Phase shift
is more relevant in the context of signals passing through filters, delays, or other components that can
introduce a time delay between them. If your signals are just being added in a basic adder, there
shouldn't be any inherent phase shift introduced by the adder itself.

Output=4Vp-p (5v+2KHZ Cos) * (75KHZ Sine)

4cos(2*pi*2k)t 4sin(2*pi*75k)t
Y(t)

5V(DC)

Block Diagram 12.2

Fig 12.3(multiplied signal with added 5V DC)


Lesson Learnt
The addition of signals is a fundamental concept in signal processing and electronics. Here are
some key lessons that can be learned from the addition of signals:
1. Linearity: Addition is a linear operation, meaning the sum of two signals is equal to the
sum of their individual contributions. This principle is crucial in understanding and analyzing
linear systems.
2. Superposition Principle: The superposition principle states that in a linear system, the
net response at a given time or point is the sum of the responses that each individual signal
would produce independently. This is a powerful concept in analyzing complex systems.
3. Signal Amplitude: Adding signals affects their amplitudes. The amplitudes of signals
combine, and this combination is essential in determining the strength or magnitude of the
resulting signal.
4. Cancellation: Signals can also cancel each other out if they have opposite phases and
similar amplitudes. This is particularly important in fields like audio processing, where
destructive interference can lead to a reduction or elimination of certain frequencies.
5. Frequency Components: Addition of signals involves combining their frequency
components. Understanding the spectral content of signals is crucial in various applications,
such as in communication systems or filtering.
References
(IEEE Method) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a global professional
organization focused on advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. They publish
research papers, develop technical standards, and provide various resources related to electrical
engineering, electronics, and related fields
1. Toppr.com
2. Sciencedirect.com
3. Quora.com
4. Complementary Labs for Electrical Engineering

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