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Topic 2.3 - Human Respiratory System

The document provides information about the human respiratory system, including identifying the key parts such as the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. It explains the four phases of respiration and how oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream in the lungs and circulated throughout the body while carbon dioxide is released. The relationship between the respiratory and circulatory systems is also described to illustrate how gas exchange occurs.

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37 views29 pages

Topic 2.3 - Human Respiratory System

The document provides information about the human respiratory system, including identifying the key parts such as the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. It explains the four phases of respiration and how oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream in the lungs and circulated throughout the body while carbon dioxide is released. The relationship between the respiratory and circulatory systems is also described to illustrate how gas exchange occurs.

Uploaded by

bienfrancis.reyes.jhs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRADE 8 SCIENCE

TOPIC 2.3
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
MS. KIMBERLY M. CHUA
LESSON OBJECTIVE/S
At the end of the session, you are expected to:

1. identify the key parts of the respiratory system and describe their
function;
2. explain the process of respiration (inhaling and exhaling); and
3. explain the mechanism of how the respiratory and circulatory
systems work together.
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS

air

air
air

air

It transport air into and out of It allows exchange of O2 It protect against inhaled air
lungs. and CO2. particles.
WHAT IS RESPIRATION?

It is the biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose,
resulting in the release of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Or simply, it is the overall exchange of gases.
FOUR PHASES OF RESPIRATION

EXTERNAL INTERNAL CELLULAR


BREATHING
RESPIRATION RESPIRATION RESPIRATION
It is the physical action of It is between the air and blood It is between the blood and It uses O2 to break down sugar in
taking in O2 into and releasing CO2. within the lungs. cells. food, produces energy in cells and
releases CO2as waste product
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE BREATHE?
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
NASAL CAVITY

NOSE
It is where air enters.

It has cilia that filter dust and pathogens.

The external opening of the nose is


the nostrils or anterior nares.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PHARYNX
It is a muscular tube which food, water and air pass
through.

EPIGLOTTIS
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LARYNX

It is also known as voice box.

It serves as passageway of air


and supported by curved pieces
of cartilage.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

TRACHEA

It is a hollow muscular tubular structure also known as


wind pipe.
It provides a clear airway for air to enter and exit the
lungs.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BRONCHI
It refers to two smaller pipes from trachea.
One leads to right lung, the other to the left lung.
It provide also as passageway for air to the lungs.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BRONCHIOLES

It is a smaller tubes with clusters of alveoli.


A CLOSER LOOK…
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

ALVEOLI
It is also known as air sacs.

It is the site of respiration in the lungs.

Each alveolus is surrounded by tiny blood vessels,


or capillaries.
A CLOSER LOOK…
GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN ALVEOLI AND CAPILLARIES
The walls of alveoli are thin and moist.
That is why gasses can easily diffuse
across the membrane of the alveolus. After
CO2 has passed from the blood through
the capillary and the alveolar wall, it is
breathed out by lungs.

Oxygen that enters the lungs goes through the alveolar


and capillary walls and goes into bloodstream to enter
body cells.
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

It is the main organ of respiratory system.

It occupy twin cavities, one on each side of the


chest.

It is spongy and are covered by a double


membrane that secretes mucus.

LUNGS
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LUNGS
taken in and transported to different
O2 parts of the body

CO2 expelled out back to atmosphere


PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

It separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity.

DIAPHRAGM
It is a dome-shaped muscle that’s allow you to breathe in and
breathe out.
It is the main muscle for breathing.
WHAT HAPPENS TO DIAPHRAGM WHEN WE BREATHE?
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Diaphragm
Bronchioles
Alveoli
RELATIONSHIP OF RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
STUDY THE DIAGRAM TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP
CIRCULATION AND GAS EXCHANGE

Recall the interconnection between circulation


and the respiratory system.

Gas exchange at the lungs and in the body


cells moves oxygen into cells and carbon
dioxide out.
SDG 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
LESSON SYNTHESIS
Today, you learned that…

1. The passage way of air into the respiratory system is in the following order:
nose – nasal cavity – pharynx – larynx – trachea – bronchi – bronchioles –
alveoli.;
2. A respiratory cycle consists of one inhalation and one exhalation. When the
diaphragm and rib cage muscles contract, the chest cavity expands. This
reduces pressure in the lungs, drawing air in. When these muscles relax
and the chest cavity shrinks, the pressure in the lungs increases and pushes air
out.
3. Respiratory system exchange O2 and CO2 with air or water, often in conjunction
with a circulatory system that transports gases within the body.
o Don’t forget to accomplish Learning Activity 2.2: Human Circulatory and
Respiratory Systems.

o Be sure to access and watch JoVE playlist made available to you and other
simulations found in supplementary materials folder.
REFERENCES

o Hoefnagels, Marielle (2019). Second Edition: General Biology (Books I and II).
McGrawHill Education pages 545-551

o Whittemore, Susan (2014). Your Body. How It Works. The Respiratory System
(e-book/lib)

o https://0-www.jove.com.ustlib.ust.edu.ph/science-education/10881/the-respiratory-
system

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