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2023 Notes CH#3 9th

The document discusses the periodic table and periodic trends. It defines periods as horizontal rows and groups as vertical columns in the periodic table. Alkaline earth metals show irregular melting and boiling points due to their small size and non-uniform crystal lattice. The modern periodic table is arranged based on increasing atomic number into 18 groups and 7 periods. It also includes lanthanides and actinoids. Mendeleev's periodic table provided the basis for the modern periodic table by establishing the periodic law.

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62 views2 pages

2023 Notes CH#3 9th

The document discusses the periodic table and periodic trends. It defines periods as horizontal rows and groups as vertical columns in the periodic table. Alkaline earth metals show irregular melting and boiling points due to their small size and non-uniform crystal lattice. The modern periodic table is arranged based on increasing atomic number into 18 groups and 7 periods. It also includes lanthanides and actinoids. Mendeleev's periodic table provided the basis for the modern periodic table by establishing the periodic law.

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haseebsipio121
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER#03 CLASS 9TH

PERIODIC TABLE & PERIODICITY OF PROPERTIES


SECTION- B: SHORT QUESTIONS
Q#01. Distinguish between periods and groups.?

Q#02: Why Alkaline earth metals shows irregular melting and boiling point?
Alkaline earth metals are placed in group 2 of the periodic table and contain 6 elements. They have small
size and are highly electropositive in nature. Consequently, they are solid and the crystal lattice is not
packed uniformly. Due to this irregularity, they show anomalous trends in melting and boiling points.

SECTION- C: DETAILED QUESTIONS

Q#01: Discuss in detail the long form of periodic table?


THE MODERN OR LONG FORM OF THE PERIODIC TABLE:
It is based on the modern periodic law. The table is the arrangement of elements in increasing order of their
atomic numbers. The modern periodic table is the present form of the periodic table. And it consists of 18
vertical columns and 7 horizontal rows.

GROUPS IN THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE


Groups are the vertical columns in the modern or long form of the periodic table.
There are 18 groups in the periodic table.
These groups are numbered from 1 to 18.
Each group consists of elements having the same outer shell electronic configuration.

PERIODS IN THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE


Periods are the horizontal rows in the modern or long form of the periodic table.
 There are 7 periods in the periodic table.
 The 1st period consists of only two elements – Hydrogen and Helium.
 While 2nd and 3rd period consists of 8 elements each.
 The 4th and 5th period consists of 18 elements each.
 The 6th period consists of 32 elements.
 The 7th period of the periodic table now has four new elements. They are 113-Nihonium, 115-
Moscovium, 117-Tennessine, and 118 –Oganesson. This addition has completed the 7th period with 32
elements
 Also, the long form of the periodic table consists of a separate panel at the bottom. It consists of 14
elements of the 6th period called the lanthanoids. And 14 elements in the 7th period called the actinoids.
 Each period represents the number of shells or energy levels present in an atom of an element
.

1
GBHS/NO.02
CHAPTER#03 CLASS 9TH
Q#02: Identify the electronic configuration of the following elements.
1. Na
2. Ca
3. F
4. Si
S# Element Electronic Configuration

01 Na (Sodium) 1s 2, 2s 2 2p6 3s 1
02 Ca (Calcium) 1s 2, 2s 2 2p6 3s 1 3s 2 3p6 4s 2
03 F (Fluorine) 1s 2, 2s 2 2p6 3s 1 3s 2 3p2
04 Si (Silicon) 1s 2, 2s 2 2p5

Q#03: Determine the demarcation of periodic table in to s, p, d and f blocks?

Q#3: Determine the location of families on periodic table?


An element family is a set of elements sharing common properties. Many chemists and chemistry textbooks
Locate 9 families on periodic table

1. Group (IA) = Alkali Metals OR Lithium family


2. Group (IIA) = Alkaline Earth Metals OR Beryllium family
3. Group (IIIA)= Earth Metals OR Boron family
4. Group (IVA) = Carbon family
5. Group (VA) = Nitrogen family
6. Group (VIA) = Oxygen family
7. Group (VIIA) = Halogens family
8. Group (VIIIA) = Noble Gases
9. Groups (IB-8B) =Transition Metals

Q#04: Discuss that Mendeleev periodic law provide a base for modern periodic table?
Hence Mendeleev periodic table was the first attempt to arrange the elements although this periodic table was
failed due to many demerits but provide the base for discovery of Periodic Law. On the basis of periodic Law,
the modern periodic table developed in which vertical columns are called groups and horizontal lines are
called periods. This periodic table predict the properties of elements

2
GBHS/NO.02

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