Spark Science Keybook Class 5 1

Contents
Unit Unit
1 2

Unit Unit
3 4

Unit Unit
5 6

Unit Unit
7 8

Unit Unit
9 10
 1
Classification of
Living Things

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. The process of putting living things into groups is called
(a) fertilization. (b) pollination.
(c) classification. 4 (d) germination.
2. Which organisms can make their own food?
(a) Fungi (b) Algae 4
(c) Bacteria (d) Animals
3. Which non-flowering plants grow from seeds?
(a) Mosses (b) Ferns
(c) Conifers 4 (d) Monocots
4. What is true about vertebrates?
(a) All have lungs (b) All have gills
(c) All have backbone 4 (d) All have jointed legs
5. Which animal has jointed legs?
(a) Earthworm (b) Cockroach 4
(c) Snake (d) Starfish
B. Think critically.
1. Define classification and its need.
Ans: The sorting of living things into groups is called
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 classification. As we know that there are many
different kinds of animals, plants and microorganisms
in the world. It is impossible for a person to study all
the living things in their own life time. So, classification
is very important.
• Classification helps to study animals and plants
easily.
• Classification helps to identify animals and plants
easily.
2. Write some differences between organisms of Kingdom
Plantae and Kingdom Animalia.
Ans:
Plantae Animalia
This kingdom includes All animals are grouped
plants that have in the kingdom
chlorophyll in their Animalia. Animals do
leaves. Plants make not make their own
their own food by food. They use the food
photosynthesis. made by plants.

Sparrow

Tomato plant Frog Lion

3. Which important structure of birds helps them in
flying?
Ans: Wings help the bird to fly.
4. How are vertebrates classified?
Ans: Vertebrates are clasified in five groups.
5. Write some examples of monocots and dicots.
Ans: Examples: Grass, rice,
sugar cane, corn, wheat, bamboo, palm, etc.
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 Examples: Rose, mango, apple, eucalyptus, bean,
peepal, sheesham, etc.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the main groups of living things? Also, give
examples.
Ans: Have you ever been to a superstore? If yes, you have
seen different things arranged there. Fruits and
vegetables are placed together while bakery products
are placed separately. One can easily find a thing in the
superstore. Similarly, scientists sort living things into
groups on the basis of similarities and differences in
their characteristics so, that one can study them easily.
2. Compare mammals and reptiles.
Ans: Reptiles: Mammals:
1. The body of reptiles 1. Mammals have for
is covered with on their body.
scales. 2. Most mammals
2. Most reptiles lives live on land, but a
on and but some few can also live in
can live in water. water.
3. They use lungs to 3. Mammals use lungs
breath. to breath.
4. Reptiles are cold 4. Mammals are warm
blooded. blooded.
5. They lay egg on 5. Most mammals
band. give birth to their
babies.
6. They feed their
babies own milk.
3. How are monocot plants different from dicot plants?
Ans: Monocots
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1. One cotyledon in the seed as in corn seed
2. Long and narrow leaves with parallel veins
3. Flower parts like petals in threes, i.e. 3, 6, 9, ...., etc.
Dicots
1. Two cotyledons in the seed as in a bean seed
2. Broad leaves with branched veins
3. Flower parts like petals in fours or fives, i.e. 4, 8, 12 or
5, 10, 15, etc.
4. What are some main groups of invertebrates? Give
examples from each group.
Ans: Bees, ants, spiders, and worms are the animals without
backbones. They are invertebrates. About 97% of all
animal kinds are invertebrates. Some common groups
of invertebrates and their characteristics are given
below:
i. Sponges
Sponges are animals that live in
water. They have simple bodies.
They have no heads, eyes, mouths
or tails. They have many pores in
Sponges are the simplest animals
their bodies. Water moves through .on Earth
these pores and the sponge filters out its food from it.
A sponge spends whole life attached to some rock.
ii. Worms
A worm has a thin, soft body
and no legs. Some worms Earthworm
Tapeworm
live on land. Others live in
water. Some worms also live
in the bodies of large animals. Ascaris

Tapeworm, earthworms,
leech, ascaris, etc. are some commonly found worms.
iii. Insects

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 The largest group of animals is insects. Ant, bee,
butterfly, mosquito, ladybug, wasp, cockroach,
grasshopper, etc. are insects. All insects have six
jointed legs. The body of an insect is made of three
parts; head, thorax and abdomen. Young insects hatch
from eggs and are called larvae.
thorax legs

head
Ant

abdomen

Mosquito Bee Grasshopper

iv. Molluscs
Animals of this group have soft bodies. They live in
water or creep on land. Some animals have a hard shell
on the back. This shell protects the soft body. In the
time of danger, the animal
hides in the shell. Feelers on
the head help them to sense
their surroundings. Snails,
shell fish, octopuses, slugs Shellfish Snail

and squid belong to this

group.
v. Echinoderms
These animals are only
found in sea water. Starfish,
sea cucumber and sea
urchin belong to this group. Sea cucumber
Animals of this group have Starfish

spiny skin. Most common

starfish have five arms. A starfish use tiny tube feet to
move. If one of its arms is cut a starfish can regenerate
the lost arm. A starfish’s mouth is on its underside.
Starfish eat other smaller animals.
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 2
Microorganisms

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. The condition in which germs enter our body and
increase their number is called
(a) disease. (b) infection. 4
(c) classification. (d) germination.
2. Antibiotics can control the growth of:
(a) Viruses (b) Fungi
(c) Bacteria 4 (d) Algae
3. All of the following diseases are viral EXCEPT:
(a) Common cold (b) Measles 4
(c) Hepatitis (d) Typhoid
4. Yeast is included in the group:
(a) Fungi 4 (b) Bacteria
(c) Viruses (d) Algae
5. “Penicillin” is obtained from a:
(a) Bacterium (b) Virus
(c) Fungus 4 (d) Plant

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B. Fill in the blanks.
1. We can see the microorganisms with the help of a
microscope.
2. Cholera, tuberculosis and tooth decay are caused by
bacteria.
3. Athlete’s foot is a disease caused by a fungus.
4. Bacteria and fungus are common decomposers.
5. Yogurt and cheese are made by bacteria.
C. Think critically.
1. Think and tell either damp hands have more bacteria
or dry hands.
Ans: Both have becteria. One has to rogh hand to avoid
becteria.
2. How are bacteria different from viruses in
characteristics?
Ans: Becteria found everywere whereas virus only survive
inside other living things.
3. Think and tell some everyday uses of microorganisms
other than making of yogurt.
Ans: Cheese
4. Why should we cover our mouth and nose while
coughing and sneezing?
Ans: We should cover our moth and nose while coughing
and sneezing to stop getting germs.
D. Answer the following questions.
1. Write the ways by which microorganisms can enter our
bodies.
Ans: Microorganisms are everywhere they can enter
through damp and any hand.
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 They can enter throuh dirty and bad food.
If we not weas mask it will also enter our body.
2. How can we avoid infections?
Ans: Our body has a strong defence system to fight germs.
Special white blood cells join together to destroy
pathogens that can cause infection in the body. But,
sometimes powerful germs succeed to cause infection
and make us ill.
We can avoid infections by following these tips.
A healthy body can fight pathogens easily. Regular
exercise can keep us healthy.
We must wash our hands before eating and after using
the toilet.
We must use separate towels, toothbrushes, etc.
We must cover our mouth while coughing.
We must avoid eating food which is not fresh or has
not been cooked properly.
We must drink boiled or filtered water.
We must wear face mask especially in crowded areas.
3. Describe a few advantages of microorganisms.
Ans: Microorganisms and Food
Some microorganisms are used
to make food products that are
important for our health.
Bacteria convert milk into cheese
and yogurt.
Yogurt Milk
Yeast is a fungus. It is used in making
naan, bread, bun and cake.
Some fungi such as agaricus (mushroom) are eaten as
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 food.
Microorganisms and Our Health
Some types of bacteria are present in
our intestines. They help in digestion
of food.
Viruses are used for research to learn
how they cause diseases.
Some fungi and bacteria are used to make antibiotics.
Antibiotics are used to control the growth of bacteria.
Microorganisms and Soil
Microoganisms help to increase
the fertility of soil.
Microorganisms fix the nitrogen
gas of air in the soil for plants.
They also decompose dead bodies of plants and
animals.
4. How are microorganisms harmful? Give examples.
Ans: Harmful Microorganisms
Not all microorganisms are useful to us, some are
harmful too. They cause diseases in our bodies.
Disease causing microorganisms are called pathogens
or germs.
Bacteria cause strep throat, tuberculosis, tetanus,
whooping cough, boils, diphtheria, cholera and tooth
decay, etc.
Viruses cause colds, flu, measles, mumps, jaundice
(hepatitis) and COVID-19, etc.
Some fungi cause athelete’s foot and ringworm, etc.
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5. Describe the role of decomposers in the environment.
Ans: Role of Microorganisms as Decomposers
Some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi
breakdown the food and dead bodies of animals and
plants into simple components. This process is called
decomposition. Warmth, humidity and oxygen increase
the rate of decomposition process.
Bacteria and fungi breakdown waste of dead animals
and plants into simple materials. These materials mix
with the soil and increase its fertility. In this way, they
make the surroundings clean.
Sometimes microorganisms decompose food and
useful timber. This results in economic losses. In this
way, they are harmful for us.

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 3
Flowers and Seeds

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. Which structure covers the chickpea seed?
(a) Seed coat 4 (b) Plumule
(c) Endosperm (d) Cotyledon
2. The process by which a seed grows into a new plant is:
(a) Fertilization (b) Respiration
(c) Germination 4 (d) Pollination
3. A rose plant can be grown through a cutting. This
process is:
4 (a) Asexual reproduction(b) Sexual reproduction
(c) Fertilization (d) Germination
4. What conditions are necessary for the germination of a
seed?
(a) Air, soil, suitable temperature
(b) Light, water, soil
(c) Air, water and darkness
(d) Water, air and suitable temperature 4
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B. Think critically.
1. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-
pollination.
Ans: Cross-Pollination
If pollen grains transfer from the anther of a flower on
one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant
of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination. Most
flowering plants such as apples, pumpkins, grasses,
etc. cross-pollinate. The wind and animals can transfer
pollen grains from one flower to another. Bees,
butterflies, birds, bats, etc. can do this job.
Self-Pollination
When pollen grains transfer from the anther of a
flower to the stigma of the flower on the same plant, it
is called self-pollination. Only a few kinds of flowering
plants self-pollinate. Peas, peanut, orchids, rice, wheat
and sunflower plants self-pollinate. These plants have
smaller flowers.
2. What is reproduction?
Ans: The process by which living organisms produce their
offspring is called reproduction.
3. How is germination process necessary for plants?
Ans: After seeds land on a suitable place, they wait for right
conditions to grow into new plants. The process of
growing of seed into a new plant is called germination.
4. Name the factors necessary for seed germination.
Ans: Air, water and suitable temperaure A seed requires air,
water and warmth to germinate.
Air: All seeds need air to make embryo active. The
embryo starts using food to grow.
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 Water: Most seeds need water to split apart their seed
coat. They absorb water through the micropyle.
Warmth: Most seeds start growing at temperatures
between 10°C and 35°C. However, some seeds can
grow in cold hilly areas.
5. What is the function of endosperm in a maize seed?
Ans: A maize seed is oval and flattened in shape. It is actually
a one-seeded fruit. Both seed coat and fruit-wall are
fused to form an outer covering. The major portion
of the seed is endosperm. It is the yellow or white
coloured food.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction
in plants.
Ans: Comparison of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
New plants are produced Two parents are involved in
from only one parent. this reproduction.
No union of male and New plants are formed by
female gametes takes the union of male and female
place. gametes.
New plants resemble the New plants are a bit different
parent plant. from the parent plants.
It is a rapid process. It is a slow process.
2. Describe the germination of a seed.
Ans: Germination of Seed
During germination, a seed absorbs water through the
micropyle. It results in the swelling of the seed. Then,
the seed coat bursts. The embryo of the seed uses food
from the cotyledons. The radicle and plumule start to
grow.
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The radicle later on develops into the first root.
The plumule develops into first shoot (first stem).
The cotyledons provide stored food to the growing embryo.
3. Describe an activity to prove that air, water and
suitable temperature are necessary for the seeds to
germinate.
Ans: Necessary Conditions for Germination
Materials: • a ruler • bean seeds • beaker • water
Procedure:
1. Tie three bean seeds at three positions of a ruler.
2. Take a beaker and put the ruler into the beaker.
3. Pour water into the beaker in such a way that the
lowest seed is under the water, the middle seed is
partly immersed in the water and the uppermost one is
out of the water.
4. Put the beaker in some warm place for a week.
5. Observe the three seeds after a week.
• Which seed germinates?
Think! What conditions are missing for the uppermost and
the lowermost seeds to germinate?
4. Describe the structure of a chickpea seed.
Ans: Seed Structure
Seeds are different in sizes and shapes, but many parts are
same in all seeds. Almost all seeds have a seed coat,
an embryo and seed leaves or cotyledons. An embryo
is the part of seed that grows into the new plant.
Plumule and radicle are the parts of embryo.

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 Plumule

Cotyledon Radicle

Micropyle
Seed coat

Internal structure of a seed

The Structure of a Chickpea Seed (Dicot)

A chickpea seed has a thin outer covering called seed coat.
The seed coat protects the inner soft parts of the seed.
There is a tiny hole in the seed coat called micropyle.
Water enters the seed through this hole. Under the
seed coat, there is an embryo. This embryo may grow
into new plant. The embryo has:
Radicle that grows into first root.
Plumule that grows into first stem.
Two cotyledons that contain stored food for the growing
embryo.
Seed coat Cotyledon
Microphyle Plumule

Radicle

Chickpea seed
Internal structure of chickpea seed

5. What is pollination? Describe its types.

Ans: Pollination
Plants transfer pollen grains from the anther to the
stigma of flower. This process is called pollination. The
pollination is of two types in flowering plants: cross-
pollination and self-pollination.
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Cross-Pollination
If pollen grains transfer from the anther of a flower on
one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant
of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination. Most
flowering plants such as apples, pumpkins, grasses,
etc. cross-pollinate. The wind and animals can transfer
pollen grains from one flower to another. Bees,
butterflies, birds, bats, etc. can do this job.
Self-Pollination
When pollen grains transfer from the anther of a
flower to the stigma of the flower on the same plant, it
is called self-pollination. Only a few kinds of flowering
plants self-pollinate. Peas, peanut, orchids, rice, wheat
and sunflower plants self-pollinate. These plants have
smaller flowers.

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 4
Environmental
Pollution

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. Which bags should be used for shopping?
(a) Plastic bags (b) Cloth bags 4
(c) Metal baskets (d) Paper bags
2. Which gas in NOT harmful for us?
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Methane
(c) Oxygen 4 (d) Ozone
3. Air pollution can cause respiratory ailments and:
(a) Typhoid (b) Cholera
(c) Lung cancer 4 (d) Malaria
4. Which one is a non-biodegradable item?
(a) Fruit peels 4 (b) Polythene bags
(c) Paper pieces (d) Wood pieces
5. Which activity can cause most of the air pollution?
(a) Burning of paper
(b) Burning of plastic products 4
(c) Burning of wood
(d) Recycling of rubber

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B. Think critically.
1. Define pollution.
Ans: Any change in the environment that is harmful to
plants, animals and humans is called environmental
pollution.
2. What are main types of pollution?
Ans: Air Pollution
The presence of harmful gases, dust, smoke or
chemicals in the air is called air pollution. There are
several causes of air pollution.
Vehicles and factories release harmful gases, smoke
and chemicals.
When fossil fuel is burnt, harmful gases are released
into the air.
Presence of dust and dirt in the air makes it polluted.
Water Pollution
or other harmful particles are released into the water.
There are several causes that can pollute water.
Paper mills and other factories dump their harmful
waste into the water.
Pesticides and fertilizers from fields get washed away
by rain into water bodies.
Sewage which contains human waste is dumped into
water.
Oil can be harmful when it leaks from ships. It causes
oil spill.
Land Pollution
Land Pollution occurs when trash and harmful
chemicals are dumped into the soil. There are many
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 causes of land pollution.
Trash from hospitals and houses is dumped into the
soil. Microorganisms cannot decompose (break down)
it.
Factories dump harmful chemical waste into the soil.
Farmers make excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers
on farms.
3. Name at least two diseases that are the result of
pollution.
Ans: Lung disease, heart disease and brain damage.
4. What do you mean by 4Rs?
Ans:
2. Reduce the
1. Refuse non-
biodegradable Refus amount of trash we
(disposable) items e create. The best way
to reduce is to buy
whenever and
only those things
wherever possible.
Reduce

we really need.
4Rs
3. Recycle the
used materials to 4. Reuse the
make new things. le Re materials when
us e
Recyc possible.

5. What is greenhouse effect?

Ans: Farmers make greenhouses to grow vegetables and
other plants. A greenhouse is a hut or room made
of glass or clear plastic. The greenhouse has higher
temperature than surroundings. The rays of the Sun
enter the main house but cannot go out. This makes
the inside atmosphere a little warmer.
Carbon dioxide and other gases in air work like the
glass of a greenhouse and trap the Sun’s heat. This
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 process is called the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and water vapours
are some greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases let
sunlight pass through in the air, but they trap the heat.
When people burn fossil fuel (coal, oil or natural
gas), carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are
released into the air and produce greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse effect makes the Earth warmer. If the level
of these gases is increased, the Earth gets hotter and
hotter. This is called global warming.
Due to global warming, the rate of melting of the
glaciers in north and south poles of the Earth is
increasing.
Unprecedented rains and floods are the result of global
warming.

Think and Answer

Identify the type of pollution that is caused by each activity.
a. Driving a bus b. Littering c. Burning tyres
Air land air
Releasing waste Using excess of Throwing garbage
d. e. f.
water into a drain fertilizers into water
water land water

C. Answer the following questions.

1. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-
biodegradable materials. Also give examples.
Ans: Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Materials
Everything around us, including the things we use
or eat, can be classified as biodegradable or non-
biodegradable.
i. Biodegradable materials are broken down by bacteria
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 and fungi. They again become the part of environment.
Peels of fruits and vegetables, animal bones,
leaves, paper, bread-crumbs, etc. are examples of
biodegradable materials.
ii. Non-biodegradable materials are not broken down
by bacteria and fungi. These materials mostly cause
pollution. Cans, plastics, rubber, glass, styrofoam,
candy wrappers, etc. are examples of non-
biodegradable materials.
2. How can we tackle the problem of pollution in
Pakistan?
Ans: Ways to reduce pollution
Plant more trees.
Donot burn trash
Donot scrap your plastes into the kitchen drain.
Dispose the tresh proplerly
Recycle or re use things many times.
3. What are some causes and effects of land pollution?
Ans: There are many causes of land pollution.
Trash from hospitals and houses is dumped into the
soil. Microorganisms cannot decompose (break down)
it.
Factories dump harmful chemical waste into the soil.
Farmers make excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers
on farms.
Effects of Land Pollution
Land pollution can destroy homes of many plants and
animals.
Houseflies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats, etc. feed
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 on trash. They can carry germs to the people. Malaria,
dengue and cholera are spread by these animals.
Plants cannot grow well in the polluted soil.
4. Write some effects of air pollution.
Ans: Effects of Air Pollution
Air pollution causes many health issues such as eye
irritation, lung diseases, heart diseases and damage to
the brain, liver, etc.
Chemicals present in the air mix with rainwater and
it becomes acidic and harmful. Such rain is called
acid rain. Acid rain can damage buildings and harm
organisms in water.
Earth is getting hotter and hotter due to air pollution.
This increase in temperature of the atmosphere is
called global warming. Due to global warming seasons
are changing rapidly.
5. What are the impacts of burning fossil fuel?
Ans: When fossil fuel is burnt, hermful gases are rerease
into the air.

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 5
Physical and
Chemical Changes of
Matter

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. Which of the following is a chemical change?
(a) Boiling of water (b) Bending of a wire
(c) Cutting of cloth (d) Burning of plastic 4
2. “Milk changes into yogurt”. This is an example of:
(a) Chemical change 4 (b) Condensation
(c) Physical change (d) Evaporation
3. In a solution of common salt and water:
(a) The components cannot be separated 4
(b) The components become a new kind of matter
(c) The amount of each component changes
(d) The components can be separated by a physical
change
4. What happens in a physical change?
(a) The kind of matter changes to another kind.
(b) The kind of matter remains the same. 4
(c) Some of the matter changes to another kind.
(d) The amount of matter changes.
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5. Boiling of milk is an example of:
(a) Physical change 4 (b) Chemical change
(c) Change of colour (d) Change of mass
B. Think critically.
1. How are chemical changes useful? Give three
examples.
Ans: A change in which new materials are formed is called a
chemical change. The properties of the new materials
are different from those of the original materials.
Energy is given off or taken in during a chemical
change. It is often difficult to convert the new material
formed back to the original material.
We observe many chemical changes in our every day
life.
Decaying is a chemical change. Substances in food
break down and form new substances. The colour of
the food may change as a result of a chemical change.
Rusting is a chemical change. When we leave an iron
piece outside for a long time, it will get rust. Oxygen
of the air combines with iron in the presence of water
vapours. Due to this combination, the colour of iron
changes. We call it rust.
Burning of wood is a chemical change. When we
set the wood on fire, it produces carbon dioxide,
water and ash.
2. A puddle of water disappears in one or two days. What
type of change is this? Explain.
Ans: Puddle of water is a physical change.When water
evaprotes,i.e changes from the liquid slate to the gas
slate,but it is suti water.it has not change into any
other subtances.
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3. Explain why chopping the wood is a physical change
but burning the wood is a chemical change.
Ans: Chopping the wood is a phycial change because it will
still remain as wood,but burning a wood is a chemical
change in which wood in the presence of heat and
oxygen is transformed into carbon dioxidewater
vapour and ash.
4. How are solute and solvent different?
Ans: 1. Solute
The substance in a solution which is present in lesser
amount is called solute. For example, common salt,
table sugar, etc.
2. Solvent
The substance in a solution which is present in larger
amount and that dissolves the solute in itself is called
solvent. For example, water, oil, etc.
5. Identify the three states of matter present in human
body.
Ans: In human body the quantity of matter that a body
containa is called its mass(solid).The blood which
is flowing through our body is liquid and the air we
breath is gas.

Think and Answer

1. Identify the process by which our wet clothes become dry.

Ans: Eraporavon
2. “When our sweat dries, we feel cooling sensation.” Which process is
involved in it?
Ans: Freezing

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 Think and Answer

Take a sheet of paper. Make a list of three physical changes you can bring
about in this sheet of paper.
1. Tearing 2. Makg paper aerplane 3. cuting with seassor
• How can you bring about a chemical change in this sheet of paper?
Ans: Changing colour of paper

C. Answer the following questions.

1. Differentiate between a dilute solution and a
concentrated solution.
Ans: Dilute and Concentrated Solutions
The amount of a solute in a given amount of solvent
makes a solution dilute or concentrated. If the amount
of the solute in the solvent is relatively less, it is called
a dilute solution. If the amount of the solute in the
solvent is higher, it is called a concentrated solution.
2. Define a physical change. Support your answer with
two examples.
Ans: Physical Changes Observed in Everyday Life
A change in which a new material is not formed is called
a physical change. Matter looks different after
undergoing a physical change, but its chemical
composition does not change. It is still the same kind
of matter.
We observe many physical changes in our everyday
life.
Tearing a sheet of paper is a physical change. The size
of the paper pieces differs from the size of the original
paper, but it is still the same paper.
Dissolving common salt in water is a physical change.
The salt seems to disappear, but it is still in the water.
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 We can get it again by boiling the water off.
Crushing an aluminium can is a physical change. The
shape of the metal can change after crushing, but it is
still the same aluminium.
3. Differentiate between evaporation and condensation.
Ans: Evaporation
Another way that a liquid can change to a gas is
through a process known as evaporation. The change
of water (liquid) into water vapours without boiling is
called evaporation. The evaporation of water occurs all
the time at any temperature. Water evaporates from
the surfaces of lakes, rivers and oceans all the time.
Condensation
When vapours of a substance are sufficiently cooled
down, they change into a liquid. This is called
condensation. Clouds form when water vapours in the
air condense into liquid water. These clouds pour rain.
4. How can we accelerate the process of dissolving
substances in water?
Ans: 1. Solute
The substance in a solution which is present in lesser
amount is called solute. For example, common salt,
table sugar, etc.
2. Solvent
The substance in a solution which is present in larger
amount and that dissolves the solute in itself is called
solvent. For example, water, oil, etc.
Accelerating the Process of Dissolving
Many things dissolve in water and make solutions. We can
accelerate the process of dissolving substances in a
given amount of water.
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 29
 Stirring
We can make the solute dissolve faster by stirring the
mixture. By stirring, we break particles of solute into
smaller pieces so that they can dissolve easily.
Activity 5.4 Stirring
1. Take two beakers. Label them A and B.
2. Half fill the two beakers with water.
3. Now add one table spoonful of sugar to each beaker.
4. Use a stick to stir the mixture in beaker A.
5. Do not disturb the mixture in beaker B.
(A) (B)
• What did you observe?

Increasing Temperature
We can make the solute dissolve faster by heating
the mixture. By heating, the particles of both solvent
and solute start moving faster. In this way, the solvent
quickly dissolves the solute.
Activity 5.5 Increasing Temperature
1. Take two beakers and label them as A and B.
2. Now add one table spoonful of sugar to
each beaker.
3. Add a cup of hot water in beaker A and a cup
of cold water in beaker B.
(A) (B)
• In which beaker does the sugar dissolve faster?

Decreasing the Size of Solute Particles

If we grind the solute before dissolving, it will dissolve
faster in the solvent.
Activity 5.10 Chemical Changes vs. Physical Changes
Identify the following as a physical change or a chemical change.

Frying of an egg Lighting of a bulb Baking a bread Formation of dew

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 6

Light and Sound

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. Light travels in air in a:
(a) Curved path (b) Zigzag path
(c) Circle (d) Straight path 4
2. Sound travels the fastest through:
(a) Air 4 (b) Solids
(c) Liquids (d) Space
3. Which of the following objects reflect more light?
(a) Brick wall (b) Coloured paper
(c) Mirror 4 (d) White paper
4. Intensity of sound is related to its:
(a) Softness (b) Loudness 4
(c) Vibration (d) Speed
5. Which one is a non-luminous object?
(a) The Moon 4 (b) The Sun
(c) Star (d) Light bulb
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 Activity 6.1 Natural or Artificial Source of Light
Identify the natural and artificial sources of light.

Fire Lantern Sun Candle

Natural Source Artificial Natural Artificial

Flashlight Firefly Stars Lightning

Artificial Natural Natural Natural

B. Think critically.
1. Differentiate between luminous and non-luminous
objects.
Ans: Luminous and Non-Luminous Objects
Some objects around us give out their own light. They
are called luminous objects. The Sun, stars and bulbs,
etc. are examples of luminous objects.
Most of the objects around us do not give out their
own light. They are called non-luminous objects.
Wood, plastic, book, the Moon, the Earth, etc. are
some examples of non-luminous objects.
2. How are transparent and translucent materials
different?
Ans: Transparent materials allow light to pass through them
and translucent materials allow some light to pass
through them.
3. Why do we see our image in a mirror?
Ans: We see our image in a mirror bceause mirror reflects
light.
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4. What is the intensity of sound?
Ans: Loudnes is the inlerisity of sound.
Intensity of Sound
Intensity of sound depends on its loudness. The loud
sounds have more intensity than the soft sounds.
Intensity of sound also depends upon distance
from the source of sound. As the distance from the
source increases, the intensity and loudness of sound
decreases and vice versa. That is why, we hear louder
sounds on a busy road than inside our houses.
Rustling of leaves, chirping of birds, whispering, etc.
are soft sounds.
Traffic noise on a busy road, whistle of a train, braying
of a donkey, etc. are some loud sounds.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. How sound travels through different materials?
Ans: Movement of Sound
Sound travels in the form of waves. Sound waves need
a medium to travel. The medium can be a gas (air),
liquid or a solid. Sound waves travel at different speeds
through different mediums.
The particles in solids are fixed together. Sound waves
travel easily and quickly.
In liquids, particles are free to move because they are
not fixed together. They move around. Sound waves
travel slowly through liquids.
The particles in gases are spread apart. Sound waves
travel very slowly through gases.

Spark Science Keybook Class 5 33

 Particles in a solid Particles in a liquid Particles in a gas

Conclusion: Sound travels more quickly through solids

than through liquids and gases. The particles of a solid
are closer together and, therefore, can transmit the
vibrations (energy) faster. Sound travels most slowly
through gases because the molecules of a gas are
farthest apart.
2. Describe the formation of shadows. Why do shadows
change?
Ans: Formation of Shadow
Shadows are formed because light travels in a straight path.
An opaque object does not allow light to pass through
it. A shadow is made when an object blocks light. As
we know that light travels in straight lines, so if it is
blocked there must be shadow formed. The dark space
behind the object shows its shadow.
Location, Size and Shape of a Shadow
A shadow takes the shape of the object that blocks
light. If someone stands in the sun, the shadow takes
the shape of his or her body. The shadow of a tree
takes the shape of the tree. Shadows can change size in
different kinds of light.
If an object is moved closer to the light source, the
shadow gets bigger.
If an object is moved further away from the light
source, the shadow gets smaller.
Because of Earth’s rotation, shadows change their
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 positions and sizes during the day.
Shadows are longer in morning and afternoon. They
are shorter at noon.

Morning Afternoon
Noon

Formation of shadows during the day

3. List the effects of noise on human health. How can we
control the noise pollution?
Ans: Effects of Noise on Human Health
Noise becomes a pollution if it has harmful effects on
health.
Noise can damage our hearing.
It can cause tiredness.
People living in noisy areas complain of headaches.
Noise can disturb our digestive system.
It can cause high blood pressure.
4. Compare transparent, translucent and opaque
materials with examples.
Ans: Transparent, Opaque and Translucent Objects
Light travels differently through different materials. We
can see through some materials but not others.
The materials that allow light to pass through them are
called transparent. We can see objects clearly through
transparent materials.
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 The materials that allow some light to pass through
them are called translucent. We cannot see objects
clearly through translucent materials.
The materials that do not allow light to pass through
them are called opaque. We cannot see objects
through opaque materials.
Translucent Opaque can
plastic bottle

Transparent
glass tumbler

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 7
Electricity and
Magnetism

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. What materials allow an electric current to pass
through them?
(a) Plastics (b) Wood
(c) Metals 4 (d) Paper
2. What causes Earth’s magnetic field?
(a) The oceans
(b) Liquid metals in Earth’s core 4
(c) Erupting volcanoes
(d) The atmosphere
3. The area around a magnet where its effect can be felt
is its:
(a) Magnetic compass (b) Magnetic circle
(c) Magnetic zone (d) Magnetic field 4
4. A material that does not let electric current to pass
through it is a/an:
(a) Iron (b) Wood 4
(c) Copper (d) Aluminium
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5. If we hold a balloon with a negative charge and a
balloon with positive charge next to each other, what
will happen?
(a) They will both burst.
(b) They will move apart.
(c) They will move towards each other. 4
(d) Nothing will happen.
B. Think critically.
1. How would two neutral balloons interact?
Ans: They will saly at their places.
2. Electric current moves from an energy resource
(battery) to a bulb through one wire. What is the other
wire used for?
Ans: One wire is for positive charge and one is for negaitive
charge.
3. What is an electrical circuit?
Ans: Electric current needs a closed path to flow. An electric
circuit is a path along which electric charges can flow. A
simple circuit has three basic parts:
1. Energy source, such as a battery
2. Load, such as a bulb or a fan
3. Connectors, such as wires
Wires carry electric charges between
the battery and the load.
4. Why is a bulb unable to produce light when it blows?
Ans: Bulbs is unable to produce light when it blows because
eletric current supply breaks.
5. A pole of magnet pulls the pole of another magnet. Are
both the poles the same or different?
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 38
Ans: Both poles are different.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. What is an electric charge? Describe the properties of
charges.
Ans: An electric charge is a tiny amount of energy. There are
two kinds of electric charges.
1. Positive Charge 2. Negative Charge
Properties of Charges
We cannot see electric charge. We can observe how
charges interact with each other.
A positive charge and a negative charge attract, or pull
each other.
Load
Similar charges repel, or push
Wire
away each other. Battery

2. What is an electric circuit? The bulb can light up when it is

connected to an electric current.
Describe its components.
Ans: Electric Circuit
Electric current needs a closed path to flow. An electric
circuit is a path along which electric charges can flow. A
simple circuit has three basic parts:
i. Energy source, such as a battery
ii. Load, such as a bulb or a fan
iii. Connectors, such as wires
Wires carry electric charges between the battery and
the load.
3. Differentiate between conductors and insulators.
Ans: Conductors and insu
Materials around us are of two types, conductors and
insulators. A conductor is a material through which an
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 39
 electric charge can move easily. Metals such as iron,
copper, and silver, etc. are conductors. An insulator is
a material that does not let charges move through it
easily. Wood, plastic, rubber, glass, etc. are insulators.
4. How does Earth behave like a magnet?
Ans: Our Earth also acts like a giant bar
magnet. Its invisible magnetic field
stretches to thousands of miles into
space. A freely moving bar magnet
always points in the north-south Screwdrivers can be
direction. This is because of the temporarily magnetized.

Earth’s magnetism. This magnetism is created by

spinning hot, liquid metals in Earth’s core.
5. Explain the types and uses of magnets.
Ans: Types of Magnets
There are three types of magnets,
i.e. temporary, permanent and
electromagnets.
Lodestone is natural
Temporary Magnets magnetic rock.

A magnetic material such as iron can be magnetized by

sliding with a permanent magnet.
They lose their magnetism
gradually.
Permanent Magnets Electromagnet

Naturally occurring magnets are called permanent

magnets. They are always able to attract iron objects.
They do not easily lose their magnetism.
Electromagnets
Electric current can be used to make
powerful magnets. These are called Vacuum Cleaner

electromagnets. They can be switched ON

Spark Science Keybook Class 5 40
 and OFF. Electromagnets are made from coils.
Uses of Magnets
Permanent magnets are used in fridge doors,
loudspeakers, headphones, etc. Electromagnets are
used in doorbells, vacuum cleaners, electromagnetic
cranes, etc.

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 8

Structure of Earth

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. Which soil also contains decayed plants and animals?
(a) Silt (b) Humus 4
(c) Sand (d) Clay
2. Subsoil is mostly made up of:
(a) Solid rock (b) Small rocks
(c) Petroleum (d) Coal 4
3. All living things are found in:
(a) Inner core (b) Outer core
(c) Mantle (d) Crust 4
4. Which process keeps the amount of water on Earth
permanent?
(a) Water chain (b) Water cycle 4
(c) Water storage (d) Water reserves
5. The presence of insects and earthworms make the soil:
(a) Soft and porous 4 (b) Dry
(c) Hard (d) Wet
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 42
B. Think critically.
1. What is loam?
Ans: Loam is a mixture of sand, silt, clay and humus. Humus
is dark material that forms in soil when dead plants
and animals decay. This type of soil is loose and fertile.
It is not easily blown or washed away. Loam can hold
enough water. That is why, loamy soil is the best for
plants.
2. Which mineral is mostly present in the red-coloured
soil?
Ans: Iron is mostly present in the red coloured soil.
3. What is decomposition?
Ans: Bacteria and fungi are also found in the soil. They
break down dead plants and animals. This process
is called decomposition. Decomposers make the soil
fertile by adding nutrients to it. Plants can absorb
these nutrients.
4. Why must we save water?
Ans: We should save water as water is necesary element to
live.
5. How much Earth’s surface is covered with water?
Ans: 71% of earth’s surface is covered with water.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. What do you know about the water cycle?
Ans: Water Cycle
Earth’s water is always moving around the Earth in a
process known as the water cycle. When the Sun heats
the water on Earth, it changes into water vapours.
These vapours cool down and form clouds. The clouds
pour rain or snow on the mountains. The water travels
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 43
 downhill in streams and rivers or underground.
Most of the water finally falls into oceans. Here, it is
again warmed by the Sun and the water cycle begins
again.
2. Name the layers of Earth. Which layer is the most
important for us? How?
Ans: Crust, Mentle and core. Crust is most important for us
because all living things are found in this layer.
3. Name layers and types of soil.
Ans: Layer’s of Soil
a. Top soil
b. Sub soil
c. Parent Materal
d. Bedrock
Type of Soil
a. Sandy soil
b. Clay soil
c. Silt soil
4. Identify the life in soil. How is it good for plants?
Ans: Life in the Soil
Many small animals such as insects, ants, snails, mites
and earthworms live in the soil. They make the soil
porous by mixing it. Bacteria and fungi are also found
in the soil. They break down dead plants and animals.
This process is called decomposition. Decomposers
make the soil fertile by adding nutrients to it. Plants
can absorb these nutrients.

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 9

Space and Satellites

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. Which system helps us to locate our position
on the Earth?
(a) ADS (b) GRS
(c) GMS (d) GPS 4
2. The first man in space was:
(a) Neil Armstrong 4 (b) Yuri Gagarin
(c) Nikola Tesla (d) Alan Shepard
3. A geostationary satellite completes its one
round around the Earth in:
(a) 24 hours 4 (b) 46 hours
(c) One week (d) One year
4. Which objects are in abundance in the sky?
(a) Planets (b) Stars
(c) Moons (d) Artificial satellites 4
5. Sputnik-I was launched into space by Russia
in:
(a) 1947 (b) 1957 4
(c) 1960 (d) 1969
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 45
B. Think critically.
1. Define space and space exploration.
Ans. We see the Sun, the Moon and stars in the sky. These
are celestial bodies. All celestial bodies are moving in
the vast space called universe. Space is the vacuum in
which planets, stars, moons and other celestial bodies
exist and move.
Space Exploration
The use of astronomy and space technology to explore
outer space is called space exploration. The inventions
of telescope and rockets have made it possible for
humans to go into outer space.
2. What are three advantages of artificial satellite?
Ans. They are used to study weather on Earth.
They are used for communication, such as phone calls
around the world.
Artificial satellites are used to send radio, television
transmissions and information by internet to all parts
of the world.
3. Which star is closest to the Earth?
Ans. Mars is closest to the Earth.
4. Is Earth also a natural satellite? Whose satellite is this?
Ans. Yes,Earth is also a natural satellite. It is sun’s satellite.
5. Why do telescopes fitted on artificial satellites obtain
more clear images than the telescopes on Earth?
Ans. Tlescope fitled on artifical satellite obtain more clear
images than the telescope eEarth because they pick
signals correctly.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the role of NASA in space exploration.
Ans: Space Exploration and NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
abbreviated as NASA is an American space agency.
NASA made rapid progress in space research. This
agency sent the first astronauts to the Moon on July
20, 1969. During this mission, astronauts collected
samples of rocks and dust to learn about the Moon.
NASA has also sent space crafts to Venus, Mars and
Mercury. Cameras and instruments fitted in these
space ships send information about these planets.
2. What do you know about the International Space
Station?
Ans: International Space Station (ISS)
America, Canada, Russia and Japan cooperated for
this project. In 1998 first part of the station was put
in the orbit around the Earth. New parts continue to
be added to the ISS. New crew members arrive on the
station while other crew members return to the Earth.
Scientists conduct experiments in ISS.
3. What are a few key milestones in space technology?
Ans: Key Milestones in Space Technology
Here is a look at some of the key milestones in space
technology.
October 4, 1957: Russia Launches first satellite
Sputnik-I.
April 12,1961: Yuri Gagarin visits Space.
July 20, 1969: America launches Apollo II. It puts first
man on the Moon.
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 47
 May 14, 1973: America launches its first space station,
the Skylab.
April 12, 1981: First space shuttle launches.
February 20, 1986: Mir Space station launches.
November 20, 1998: Multinational Space Project
International Space Station launches.
August 11, 2011: Pakistan launches PakSAT-IR
communication satellite.
November 26, 2011: NASA launches Curiosity that
lands on Mars on August 6, 2012.
4. What helps us to locate our position anywhere on the
Earth? Explain.
Ans: Global Positioning System (GPS)
A group of 24 satellites make up the Global Positioning
System or GPS. If you have a GPS receiver, these
satellites can help figure out your exact location. Using
this system, you can find out your location anywhere
in the world. A cell phone can also have a GPS receiver.
GPS can guide you on the road, in the air or sea.
5. How are communication satellites important?
Ans: Communication Satellites
These satellites are very useful. They link remote
areas of the Earth with telephone and television.
Communication satellites are also used to type
newspapers and send them to printing machines in
some countries. Signals can be picked up directly by
these satellites through dish antennas.

Spark Science Keybook Class 5 48

10
Technology in
Everyday Life

A. Tick (4) the correct option.

1. Which one is NOT an emergency situation?
(a) Earthquake (b) Rain 4
(c) Flood (d) A fire
2. We can check if the wall is vertical, by using:
(a) Model bridge (b) Plumb line
(c) Spirit level 4 (d) Hand drill
3. If you see an injured person on the road, first of all
check him/her for:
(a) Temperature (b) Money
(c) Fracture (d) Safety 4
4. When our skin is torn, it is called a:
(a) Fracture (b) Health
(c) Pressure (d) Wound 4
5. The visual representation of a concept is a:
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 49
 (a) Model 4 (b) Technique
(c) Method (d) Demonstration
B. Think critically.
1. Define ‘First aid”.
Ans: First aid helps us to stop a minor mishap from getting
worse. In case of a serious medical emergency, it may
even save a life. When we provide basic medical care
to an injured or ill person, it is called first aid.
2. What is the main use of a spirit level?
Ans: Masons and carpenters use a spirit level to make
perfectly horizontal or vertical surfaces.
3. What is an LED?
Ans: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a tiny device that
produces light from electricity. LEDs are very efficient.
4. What should we do in case of flood emergency?
Ans: Follow these instructions during a flood emergency.
i. Move to a safe area quickly.
ii. Move to a higher ground or the highest floor
of your home/school.
iii. Keep away from dirty water.
iv. Stay away from electrical appliances.
v. Put on waterproof clothing.
5. Which technicians use hacksaw?
Ans: A plumber use hacksaw to cut pipes.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. How should we shift a patient or an injured person to a
hospital?
Ans: Shifting a Patient or injured person to Hospital.
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 50
 Patients are treated in hospitals. Injured people are
also carried to hospitals for proper medical care.
Here are a few steps to shift a patient or injured person
to a hospital.
1. Move the injured person carefully to a safe place.
2. Check the body of the injured person carefully if there
is a wound or fracture.
3. If a wound is bleeding, wrap a bandage or a piece of
cloth tightly to stop bleeding.
4. Call an ambulance or 1122 to shift the patient to a
nearby hospital.
5. Try to contact the close relatives of the patient if
possible and tell them about the hospital.
2. How can we give first aid to wounds of an injured
person?
Ans: First Aid For Wounds
When our skin is torn, it is called a wound. Wounds
are common on hands and fingers. Bandages can help
to keep minor wounds clean and protect them from
infection. Take a first aid kit and start your job.
1. After cleaning a minor wound, apply antibiotic
ointment.
2. Cover the wound with gauze swab.
3. Wrap the bandage over the wound.
4. Secure the bandage with a safety pin or medical tape.
3. Write about the safety procedures while carrying out
activities.
Ans: Safety Procedures
We must work safely while carrying out activities. For
Spark Science Keybook Class 5 51
 this:
Keep your work area neat and clean.
Handle sharp tools carefully.
Wear cotton apron. Avoid wearing nylon or polyester
clothes while working with fire.
Wear a face mask.
Tell your teacher or elder if there is an accident.
Never taste or smell chemicals without instructions
from your teacher.
The bottles of chemicals should all be labelled.
Get all the information about safety equipment.
Wash your hands well when you are finished.
4. How can you make a footbridge model?
Ans: Materials: • 24 ice cream sticks • string • glue gun
• paper • pencil • a large cardboard piece • ruler
Procedure:
1. Sketch your footbridge on the paper.
2. Make two pylons using ice cream sticks.
3. To make pylons, you will need 12 ice cream sticks.
Make two I beams and two L beams. Now combine
them with each other and also with two separate
sticks.
4. Now cut out the deck for your bridge from the
cardboard piece.
5. Use pencil to make holes at equal distances on either
side of the deck.
6. Pass the pieces of string through the holes and make
loops. The loops in the middle should be smaller.

Spark Science Keybook Class 5 52

7. Now pass the string through all the loops on each side
of the deck. Tie the strings to pylons.
Your footbridge is ready.
5. Write a note on preparing LEDs strip.
Ans: Materials: • a cardboard strip of 20 centimetre length
and 3 centimetre width • 6 LED lights • 12 volt
battery • a switch • iron nail • connecting wires
Procedure:
1. Make 6 pairs of holes at equal distances in the
cardboard strip with the help of iron nail.
2. Put all the LEDs in the holes. Take care that all the long
wires should be on one side and the short wires on the
other side.
3. Join the short wire of first LED to the long wire of
second LED with the help of a connecting wire.
Similarly, join the short wire of second LED to the long
wire of third LED and so on.
4. Now connect free long (positive) wire of first LED
to the positive terminal of the battery via a switch.
Then, connect short (negative) wire of 6th LED to the
negative terminal of the battery.
• When you turn the switch ON, LEDs will be lighted.
5. To make a longer LED strip, you can join many such
strips. To do so, you will have to join free positive wires
of all the strips together and all the negative wires
together before connecting them to the battery.

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