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Tutorial 5 - 2023

1. Derive an expression for the minimum velocity V2 required to lift fluid from a reservoir into the throat of a venturi using Bernoulli's equation. 2. Derive an expression relating the flow rate Q to the manometer reading h for a venturimeter using Bernoulli's equation. 3. Calculate various parameters like velocity, pressures, and maximum heights for a siphon used to discharge oil from a vessel into a drain, using Bernoulli's equation and given properties of the oil and atmospheric pressure.

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Prithu Paresh
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33 views

Tutorial 5 - 2023

1. Derive an expression for the minimum velocity V2 required to lift fluid from a reservoir into the throat of a venturi using Bernoulli's equation. 2. Derive an expression relating the flow rate Q to the manometer reading h for a venturimeter using Bernoulli's equation. 3. Calculate various parameters like velocity, pressures, and maximum heights for a siphon used to discharge oil from a vessel into a drain, using Bernoulli's equation and given properties of the oil and atmospheric pressure.

Uploaded by

Prithu Paresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 5

Qn 1. A necked-down section in a pipe flow, called a venturi, develops a low throat pressure that can
aspirate fluid upward from a reservoir, as shown in the figure. Using Bernoulli’s equation with no losses,
derive an expression for the velocity V2 that is just sufficient to bring reservoir fluid into the throat.

Qn 2. A venturimeter, shown in the figure below, is a carefully designed constriction whose pressure
difference is a measure of the flow rate in a pipe. Using Bernoulli’s equation for steady incompressible
flow with no losses, show that the flow rate Q is related to the manometer reading h by

𝐴2 2𝑔ℎ(𝜌𝑀 − 𝜌)
𝑄= √
4 𝜌
√1 − (𝐷2 )
𝐷1

where 𝜌𝑚 is the density of the manometric fluid.

Qn 3. A tube is used as a siphon to discharge an oil of specific gravity 0.8 from a large open vessel into
a drain at atmospheric pressure as shown in the figure below.

Calculate (i) the velocity of oil through the siphon, (ii) the pressure at points A and B, (iii) the pressure
at the highest point C, (iv) the maximum height of C that can be accommodated above the level in the
vessel, and (v) the maximum vertical depth of the right limb of the siphon. (Take the vapour pressure
of liquid at the working temperature to be 29.5 kPa and the atmospheric pressure as 101 kPa. Neglect
friction)
Qn 4. Air, assumed frictionless, flows through a tube, exiting to sea-level atmosphere. Diameters at 1
and 3 are 5 cm, while D2 = 3 cm. What mass flow of air is required to suck water up 10 cm into section
2 of the figure below?

Qn. 5 Consider a steady flow over a flat plate that leads to the development of a boundary layer. The
plate has a length of L and a width perpendicular to the paper as b. The incipient velocity on the plate
is a uniform velocity of 𝑈∞ , whereas the velocity profile within the boundary layer can be approximated
𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 2
by: 𝑈 = 2 (𝛿 ) − (𝛿 ) , where 𝛿[≡ 𝛿 (𝑥)] is the boundary layer thickness at a certain 𝑥. If the boundary
∞
layer thickness at 𝑥 = 𝐿 is 𝛿𝑜 , find the next drag exerted by the plate on the fluid.

Qn 6. Consider a rigid tank filled with air. The rigid tank is connected to a valve via a pipeline. Assume
that at any instant, all the properties are uniform in the tank & the pipeline. The rate of mass flow
through the valve is proportional to the density of air at that instant. Find out how the density is changing
with time.

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Qn 7. Consider a conical tank with fluid coming out from one end with radius r. It is given that the exit
velocity of the fluid at any instant is approximately equal to √2𝑔ℎ. Assuming density as constant, find
𝑑ℎ⁄𝑑𝑡.

Qn 8. A fluid flows through a constant head tank as shown in the figure below. The fluid enters into the
𝑢 𝑦 2
tank with a uniform velocity, 𝑈∞ and leaves with a velocity u such that 𝑈 = {1 − ( 𝐻1 ) }, where 𝑦1 is
𝑜
the transverse coordinate as shown below. The width perpendicular to the plane of the paper is b. For a
constant density flow, express 𝑈𝑜 in terms of 𝑈∞ .

Qn. 9. The frictionless plate, shown below, is inclined to the incoming water jet. Assume the fluid flow
to be incompressible as well as inviscid. The angle of inclination of the plate with the vertical is 𝜃.
Assuming the density of water to be constant, express the outflow volumetric rates, 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 as functions
of 𝑄0 , 𝜃. Take the entire configuration in a horizontal plane, hence neglecting any potential energy
differences between different points of the fluid flow.
Qn. 10. Consider a lawn sprinkler with two arms ejecting water in the horizontal plane as shown below.
The total discharge or the volumetric flow rate through the sprinkler is Q. The area of cross section of
the sprinkler arms and the discharging nozzles is A. If initially the sprinkler was at rest, derive an
expression for the angular velocity of the same as a function of time.

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