= circulation only — Chopter rog To paoce SSOR ORGANIZATION & ARCHI tecture ynait Aaders the acddex, which adds two Single bit nam- pees» bat will consider cary generated $rom previous addition is cajjeh as half adder. - symbol . ste Csum) Half ourpur input ~—|8 Peder cope (carry out) _ Truth Table - Isy | Enpat our Pub No a B Ss co 9° O*, %O ° ° 1 ° \ \ O° 2 \ ° 1 oO 3 \ | ° \ ~ k-map foe ourput | © Foe ts) Dis009, 807054 ~~ AB | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner—_$$ arn £2) see circulation only oats For private circulation only sz AB tae adder = +e 5 : ne adder, which adds two Single Lit numbers : ad also consider catty jenerataed §rom previous| a P . sai is called as ful) adder. + (to) dition For curky OW os © J Be smo! f, sf erwm B Full alee sti Cof—o Ceatty OF ) noe osing Logic 9425 in | _ mel , ¥ p 8 _ Teath table: [sy] npr our pur no a [| @ [ec | s Te ol of o ho alo ‘ ° ° ' 1 oO pss Ol ° ol 1 1 ° i a oS ' o ait ° ( ° I | 6] i : oO oO \ [- i TY 4 \ fl I \ 1 20087 BO7D5e 7 9004807054 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerFor private euaton only = Kmap Sov ourpar qec © Fot sum Cs) : grevlation only nen’ - Qin plexey CMU) t ane combinational Logic cigcuit which hes smput cn) and only one oMrpar is el AS mulhplaer. which iNpat will Peopogate to ourpur is gecided by select Lines Cconteo) input) symbol t : wd a B CBOS) u = A (8OOT | gn pur Lines ® i te os 7 [ssn caeear| m1 S25p = Emplemensation USINF yogic ares | a Ss c un | om | 3 52 A@eO® seiect Lines 8 a \se mz no-og Select Lines f ae parecth i Lines ie = p= ex: pei mus [reas 7] 3 any mux[C T4352] 7 gi) mux LEC TAI52] 5 yee) myx [rato] eae orsooasorose @ scanned with OKEN Scanner 1p»-9008 807054For private culation only @© 221 mux o—teN gy |e Teeth table Suet hine ey ) roles] so Y rf] Oo] x ° i 2}! ]o Do | alida Dy |= Logie ckt | en | So 1-9008807054 $6) ——~ | RY ptecetation tr mux ® 4 symbol — Do > sopat 2 13) 3, a YP? bole | ele a oa eee aie T Select Lines = Teurh Table TAPAt [[ourpar en[ Si [soll_y Ol x x ° | [1] 0 Jo |[ Do T sod) so; 1 fe} Do , iin D3 = Logic. CY en s) ni @ scanned with OKEN Scannercae A crcult For pate culation oy sxe resation only ® ari mvx _ erat leer Tomvx] : symbol = The combinational Logic ciecuit , Which has one inpUr and many output Cn) is called as ema lFiplexee> : : The inpatr COin) is Connected to which js decided by the bits applied to the A ourpar i select Une Ceontea] input) - = symbol: | | i | ‘ef para —s | tim | i} 1h po ole | Dmvr 3b— Lines | Inpur ourpar EN] $2] §) [Se ¥ EBay oO; M | K [RK ° Syne r cree | ! oS oO fe} Do a ' O° ° 1 D ut 4 * Seject Lines | Soe Ee D2 cm) 1 oO 1 1 23 Ber lie 5 ta 5 18a \2i6, (282 ere- : ! Oro 4 (7ai3ay (TAI) (74954) 1 | ° 1 Ds wten ‘Lt I oOo} De JR ie ey DF where = Ho.oF Select Lines 015004207054 me ws No. of owrpur Lines @ scanned with OKEN Scannerhia Sci ace TT tre rtt riety e- Pe ee Foe priate credatonony Leonor [1e14133] a Bo oa, th Dmx = symbol —h1n etereer: Het ig MET le pea" ye open s1 So ee soject Lines = Teath Table teath Table inpar_[ eurpur input | outpus] ens [So |Nolwi[valv: ER] Sol Yo]: 0|x| xo |o [o o]xfofo ‘Polo || | ofe Tl >: {oa 1 fo} olo 1] 0 |]Din| o , L hr [oe fo px o} 7 1 i © jow Vita folo — Logic. ckr DIN EN So 19004807054 @ scanned with OKEN Scannerae For pevate circulation only ® 123 Dmvx Tapa out pur en] se [si [se [of [YaRis [vals [ve [Yo Oo} x{[x | xfleofo]}ololololo lo t][o {o Joffido fofofo lofolfo tfofo]ifofsfolo]lolololo | vto [i foffofo bolo fololo Hto [ufifolofojsdo lololo fn 1 ]° Joffofo Jojo ]aio lo lo | 1{ 1 [9° [I holo ojo} oe fosid ofo | ttt jt [0 fol [ola] ofo [ante eat le : ' 6} lolol ofo] > bm rscoaenrse encoders oo ne combinational Logic ciecuit , which 5 (ed in par Lines encoded in to WW) 0. Er put Line is called as ENcoder pe (myn) se | 138 | ae ae 6 a mn yn ves our pur = fos encoder YP Lines ; whe Ms | fom | 1 Atg 5s Bt TCT4\42) 5} SEHR 16S 4 ex Ag 3 Bs C | NM Log (my = N | Mem or Ley ( | Mz No- of Input Lines | N= No-of output Lines 440007054 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner—. —— | Yenc orcteneny For pate creuation ony . 1 £3 Encoder © 2g Caray Encoder? o * | [--———— De ° ~ le nga 7 YE Lines 7 Jn 3 Lines B23 ole 72 der ot thats J, EeKoder Ds 1% L ox ——— pt OUtPUr [Dsl or | py | vo || Ye Tw Input 7] ofo fof. ove put D7/96| Ds] dy x D3] 92], 5. of ol 't]ofo fy ole fe fofofote qe te ofofo rel o |o ° 1| 0 ° ilo 2} ofoT elroy oly elo} ol of ol tfefof-et-s 7 j Vfofofofft fa Sol efol \Tololol| oft; | {0 | 7 ©1910} ' lololololl ite To < Ol' jelolololol! ite 7, 1° | ‘|ololofofolol vat.) | \ 19 }oOlo}ololofol 4 tla | | | 01-9004.807054 Pse0aeoress \ — __ | @ scanned with OKEN ScannerLag) praeereiation nt ns Ti) lo 2? 4 Logic ckt, which ha For pate culation ony %* Decoder; inational { rae The combina ‘i ourpus | : snes decoded in tO (wy ourpur (™) inpat tin ay | ot >) : ~ decoder: rnp ath Y, Lines is called aS + = At $output Dewde cmand Yi|-—e symbol LO Se ae |. h Table slo. Yo @) aur w™ ld Yih our pur enpat cag] s MN ‘ab Lines, input output Lines 7 . Decoder yh Di] 20 |Nelaa Fi [vo de : . ise St o o]o ee Cole oso filo KiSilo |e J Te AG Ex: Bh B 3:8 (74138) 5 4216 gan whe : tz No-e inpus Lines nye No.of ourpur Lines P100aR07064 19004807054 — @ scanned with OKEN ScannerSaeed k For private dreulation only © arg oecodm (14138) NU reeectio Soysosuction 2F Flip-Flop eli pes oly FIFE gp ENP IOP | Peele Flop p Flip-Flop lip- FOP a> Tt aa se glip-elop: _ symbol = Tur] ourpar Da] 91 [Dol Wave [Ys] Val ¥% [Val Oi [vo ole fo folo fofofofejolt ofoll |ofofofolofelifo oO}! fo fofofofofolifolo oft fi fofofeleft fofofo 172 [o fofofoli]olololo feo {1 Pofofifol ofofole 1 |) fo fof: fof[ofofofofe ‘TL! [1 ft | ofofofolofofo | 22009 019008807054 [seresorse Pee eee pis a one bit memory cel]. Last STARE Lact Stoke + not allowed @ scanned with OKEN ScannerLeta ssilialel dl Gblalalaaaaeaee mee | | For penne eaten ot = Loxic circuits me ease gee (Ee yy when erke 0 5 S245 BE eee ofp str i nano3> ! last State Nandi O = On co ele will Zemain in the Last eiele assume, 2 54 cLks)) 520, R21 Last state] @:1 & G20 ole ot Nanda: ! NAND4 ° NAKDI= F=0 NAand22% ch $8 plip- FIOP Behe ome aag (i state j = @=0, = ofp Resets ole ay rf eles Sete ofe ob Nand3Z = 0 | NAnDa= | NanDizG= 1 = Sle ses NanD22G = 0 18008807054 “0/e FI seks . Yee 2), R=) ctks) e21 ,@ assume tay i it Las+ stare] ole HANDS = 0 panD4 = © NAND)= @= ‘= Can’¢ Péedict ofp NanDL= gn this Condition , we can-not Peedict the ourput of S-B FIF. This allowed - condition is not ss004807056 @ scanned with OKEN Scannerpeer For private creation ont 2 3k plip- FIOP + civcuir peels cb ie = oth chee | = Truth cable > | [tspar _[fourper! | axl T[* | | o |x| | en Piast state | vfefof enter rast sate 1 °o \ ° ro ies es Are ts | Gm fo Last state 9004807054 gem Flip: FIOP is kept named, UN [por petvate circulation oniy LOY Civcuit + | a g elk kK z = week ing t ; pesseme ypwhen clLkKEO; Tax + Ke Los+ state , tT 3 REX Lon «ae oOuTPUr of NANnD3S= ! NAaND4= 1 HANDI = @= 1 = @n =Lasisrate - nANnD2= G20 ic. lip Flop wil Temain In Last state Assume 2) 5G cLu=) 3 T2035 k=0 [iser sore ] ° @2 1h GE ourpat of Nanoa= | NOND4= 1 WAND! = @ ei = ene Last stare Nanp2=G=0 “ plip-plep Wi Yemain in the Last state. Prso0a857054 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPsi i | perp craton ot past state gp te ermal 3705 et [= 1 & $20] | ourpar of nanD3= ! Raves? NanDi=Q9eO = ole aesers =e) menozs T= 1 oe wesets = ourpur of SNP assume yep Pease tate faye ques; Te 5 KEP @r0 && ourpat of nanD3s=o ae i |e ourpur ot pip —SP a Nand I= = | WanD2=@= 0 ofp of Hip sler SUS ae Assume Last | yey Pate ey sp cewe ty aet3 KI geo &D ourpur of HANDS =O Nanpas | dee pany = g 2 t2meo!e 1S FASE AINE Nanp2=8= , ourpur of pi 200se070s¢ qe flep is complement of Last state, Le private cireulation only g T PNP Flop [toggle Flr]: The oUtpur of This glip-Flop will get Tosgle when CLYE1 A Te | | Hence zt is called as T Plip-Pl a symbol 7 | gr is gabricared using Th plip- Flop. “ogi circuit : 7 z qk BNP \ Flop & Ee glip has short-civcuired te g et Borh the inpuis of JK | form T pip Flop = Truth Table t Topat|[ourpe cu] 7 |) oOo} xX @n > Last state ' ° @n f Last State CL [Lp tart state Osaenrose E @ scanned with OKEN ScannerLS — axe csatononY : ae glip- FOP [pelay ae athe ourput of prip- SOP. gat the ourputs $° Silly pagistens ALE Smaer anc Ne ) , |pit js delayed TPPUT Sion pepe Sejanization « ig delaye $ostest i te the input is dele) emery SPIES in Centeal peo casting waits | © elip-FleP ccPU)+ ACCoeding memory hierarchy, the be7)- = symbol + srs in the Peocessoes , Function a level | ———" above main Memory anel cache memoty. LD. g Ragister organization is the Arrangement ak —4 nie of WEJISTAS IN PROCESSOS. The Peocessue designe UL elope So gecides the oeganigahon of distenent egisters r Hipp an PEOCeSSO%- gris gabvicated using TK FIP-EIP OF ae Types sy Z2gisters = Logic cireuir: gD Beoodly , theit are Foo Types ob Aagisters 1p User visible Registers a> conteol and status cegistet y _ * oy Flip Truth gable? Registers ss Flee BP oda sea Visible. Mes tcides \ contto) & 5: ®Geneeal pur pose Sterus register eg isten Ext ® program count Input |] ourpet © data Register, ® ansizaction eegisto ey d | > © Adtess ecg istee © pagan Adgess . : iotes o lx Qp fr bast state ® condition code Registers ® memory Busser jo ° Register jl tra 1 | @ scanned with OKEN Scannermeer) 1141 ——————————— For pit cretaton of oN ent poi gy seamen Pointer vegistey = iluser visible Regis Fes + crens ae Used by uses A UMOBY is divided in to oe Seyments these type of Fd! | of peogeammes in machine LANjUcge Projty, of smell Povtlon sejmenr aeyitea We POSS nagiste® + 7 zo holel the base adcess of the nese couen| contain eithet addy, theie Can be multiple segment regi ver! cat isters: aaty) thet OCH AS one Segment register can te enph jee £0 pold the base addeess of the segment cupied | operating System. Aj agenceal Pi qhase type of Zegistee 5 of data os 2esults (tem pe 9 of Program, so this type oF Jed as genesal PU Pose BeFish, YY n aasteict some of The ne other segment register can holel the ba. cclte operation addess of seqment allotted to the processor: ob stack operatie nj rnden Addsess Register| Index Reg iste : - s ister: The inclex veqister is employed for indeacd g] Data Ragistees = : addzessing and ‘tls initial value is 0. as the Name suggests» Mese aagisters genceaily it is used $08 traversing the Memory ese can not hell ications. agter each regerence , inden vegisrey ducing enecaho sagistens A8e cal piso, peogearns