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MODULE
in Mathematics in the Modern World
For Hospitality Management

KARL JADE M. CORDETA,LPT

NAME OF STUDENT

PROGRAM

YEAR / SECTION
 OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE

PURPOSE OF THE MODULE

Lesson 1. This lesson will help the learners how to

manage their finances that are very useful on future endeavors. It is
also necessary for the learners since the learners are pursuing
management-related courses.
Lesson 2. This lesson will help the learners how data is
gathered and managed. In this section, learners will be refreshed on
the details of how to collect data and prepare data for interpretation.

TITLE AND DESCRIPTION

L1. Mathematics of Finance, this material discusses

the Basic Standards of Finance. It includes the discussions about the
Basic Components Applying the Mathematics of Finance.

L2. Data Management, this material discusses data

gathering and organizing data. It includes the discussions about the
Type of Data Distribution.

MODULE GUIDE

This module will guide you on easy understanding yet in-

depth comprehension of the topics wherein various activities and
supplemental readings are integrated. The authors applied the revised
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Learning in progressive scheme from
lower to higher order thinking skills level. On the learning plan part, the
author follows the 4As Model.
A decimal rule (two decimal places only) will be applied
on this lesson.
In data distribution, arrangement of data from lowest to
highest or vice versa is a must.
 OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE

MODULE OUTCOME

The GE-MMW or Mathematics in the Modern World, is a three-unit

course.
L1. At the end of the course, the learner will present a
compendium of different learnings in Mathematics of Finance in the
context of Tourism Management as to the Basic Finance Standards
and as to the Types of Data Distribution.

L2. At the end of the course, the learner analyze

statistical data in relation to research and business functions.

MODULE REQUIREMENT

L1. At the end of the module, the learner will present a

complete learning worksheets in a portfolio applying the Basic
Components of Mathematics Finance and Types of Data Distribution.

L2. At the end of the module, the learner analyze

statistical data in relation to research and business functions.
 LESSON 1.
The Mathematics of Finance
 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

One of the measure of success is on how one manages finance specially in

business. It is not on how much a business earns but on how it makes the most out
of what the business earns.

2 weeks task Pen and paper

Assessment Task:
Using your previous knowledge and
background in mathematics, business,
and management complete the learning
worksheet applying the basic concepts of
the application of mathematics to
finances.

Directions: Solve for the following items using the formula provided.
Blank sheets are provided for your answer and solution.

Worksheet Compute for Simple Interest: (Formula: I = Prt)

1. P= ₱2,500.00 r= 0.5% t= 0.5 year
2. P= ₱5,000.00 r= 1%
1 t= 1.25 year
3. P= ₱4,200.00 r= 1.7% t= 2 years
4. P= ₱5,150.00 r= 2% t= 2.5 years
5. P= ₱2,100.00 r= 1% t= 1 year

𝐼
Compute for Principal Amount: (Formula: P= 𝑟𝑡)
1. I= ₱700.00 r= 1.25% t= 0.25 year
2. I= ₱3,200.00 r= 3% t= 3 years
3. I= ₱500.00 r= 1.18% t= 1 year
4. I= ₱5,000.00 r= 8% t= 5 years
5. I= ₱1,550.00 r= 3% t= 2 years
 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

Worksheet Compute for Maturity Value: (Formulas: I= Prt & F= P+I)

1. P= ₱6,200.00 r= 2% t= 3 years
2. P= ₱15,200.00 r= 4.5% t= 2.75 years
2 3. P= ₱5,000.00 r= 1.25% t= 2 years
4. P= ₱11,150.00 r= 3% t= 1 year
5. P= ₱21,900.00 r= 1% t= 4.2 years

𝐼
Compute for Principal Amount: (Formula: P= 𝑟𝑡)
1. I= ₱500.00 r= 2.5% t= 0.25 year
2. I= ₱2,200.00 r= 4% t= 2 years
3. I= ₱1,800.00 r= 3.5% t= 1.1 year
4. I= ₱4,000.00 r= 7% t= 4 years
5. I= ₱1,300.00 r= 2% t= 3.25 years

Worksheet 𝐼
Compute for Simple Interest Rate: (Formula: r= 𝑃𝑡)
1. P= ₱10,000.00 I= ₱200.00 t= 2.2 years
3 2. P= ₱14,475.00 I= ₱470.00 t= 3 years
3. P= ₱16,800.00 I= ₱350.00 t= 2.71 years
4. P= ₱22,000.00 I= ₱1,300.00 t= 4 years
5. P= ₱20,640.00 I= ₱800.00 t= 3 years

𝐼
Compute for Time(in years): (Formula: t= 𝑃𝑟)
1. P= ₱45,000.00 I= ₱2,000.00 r= 5.25%
2. P= ₱15,300.00 I= ₱1,100.00 r= 3%
3. P= ₱12,060.00 I= ₱2,800.00 r= 2.2%
4. P= ₱5,850.00 I= ₱550.00 r= 2.8%
5. P= ₱9,000.00 I= ₱790.00 r= 2%

Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 KEY TERMS

Domestic Tourism - The gradually increasing of amount. (c. 2020

Accumulate Meriam-Webster, Inc.)

Domestic Tourism -The person who loans the money. (c. 2020 Meriam-
Creditor Webster, Inc.)

Domestic Tourism -A certain amount placed especially for safekeeping. (c.

Deposit 2020 Meriam-Webster, Inc.)

Domestic Tourism -The fractional part of the principal that is paid on the
Interest Rate loan. (c. 2020 Meriam-Webster, Inc.)

Domestic Tourism -The outlay of money usually for income. (c. 2020
Investment
Meriam-Webster, Inc.)

Domestic Tourism -The money lent at interest. (c. 2020 Meriam-Webster,

Loan
Inc.)

Domestic Tourism -The sum of the principal and interest that is

Maturity Value accumulated at a certain time. (Hengania, Catherine
et al., (2018) Mathematics in the Modern World)

Domestic Tourism -The amount received by the debtor. (Hengania,

Principal Amount Catherine et al., (2018) Mathematics in the Modern
World)

Domestic Tourism -An interest computed on the original principal only of

Simple Interest a loan. (Hengania, Catherine et al., (2018)
Mathematics in the Modern World)
 LEARNING PLAN

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

To present a complete learning worksheets in a portfolio

applying the basic concepts of the application of mathematics in
finance.

As a learner you need to:

Explore the basic concepts of the application of mathematics

in finance.

Analyze problem related to the basic concepts of the

application of mathematics in finance.

Apply the basic concepts of the application of mathematics in

finance.

M
 LEARNING PLAN

ACTIVATION

1 week task Pen and paper

Mathematics is one
the least loved subject
of all time but also one
Let’s play a
game!
of the most challenging
and interesting, so
before we proceed to
our main course let’s
have first our appetizer.

Arrange the following real numbers on a

3 by 3 matrix. Attain a sum of 15 in all
sides (horizontal, vertical and diagonal).

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

Explore the basic concepts of the

ACTIVITIES application of mathematics in
finance.

0.5 week Pen and paper

Exercise 1

Directions: Using you previous knowledge in

mathematics, accounting, and management
DEFINE the basic concepts of the application
of mathematics in finance.

Simple Interests:

Ordinary and exact interest:

Maturity Value:

Principal Amount:

Interest Rate:

Time or Term:
 LEARNING PLAN

Explore the basic concepts of the

ACTIVITIES application of mathematics in
finance.

0.5 week Pen and paper

Exercise 2

Directions: Read the following statements and

choose the correct term from the box given
below.

1 It is the quantity acquired by the debtor.

A type of interest wherein the interest is computed based on the

2 assumption that the year contains 360 days.

3 It is often connected to loan.

The sum of the interest accumulated over the period of time and the
4 principal amount..

5 The percentage part of the principal amount that is paid.

Simple Interest Principal Amount

Interest Rate
Maturity Value Ordinary Interest

Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

ABSTRACTION REMEMBER THIS!

Before you proceed to the next activities

look at the boxes below, these are given
with formula and computation. These
may help you in doing the succeeding
M activities in this module.

M For Simple Interest:

Formula: I= Prt
Given:

W P= ₱120,000.00
r= 6%
t= 2 years
Simple Interest- An interest
computed on the original
principal only of a loan.
Solution:
I= Prt
I= (120,000) (0.06) (2)
I= (7,200) (2)
I= ₱14, 400.00

For Exact Interest:

# 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
Formula: 𝐼𝑒 = Pr 365
Given:
P= ₱25,000.00
r= 2%
Exact Interest- Interest paid # of days= 150 days
based on the basis of a 365-
day/year schedule by a bank. Solution:
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝐼𝑒 = Pr 365
150
𝐼𝑒 = (25,000) (0.02)( 365)
𝐼𝑒 = (500) (0.41095890)
𝐼𝑒 = ₱205.48
 LEARNING PLAN

For Ordinary Interest:

# 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
Formula: 𝐼𝑜 = Pr 360
Given:
P= ₱50,000.00
r= 3% Ordinary Interest- Interest paid
# of days= 165 days based on the basis of a 360-
day/year schedule by a bank.
Solution:
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝐼𝑜 = Pr 360
165
𝐼𝑜 = (50,000) (0.03)( 360)
𝐼𝑜 = (1,500) (0.458333333333)
𝐼𝑜 = ₱687.50

For Maturity Value:

Formulas: I= Prt, F= P+I For Principal Amount:
𝐼
Given: Formula: P= 𝑟𝑡
P= ₱19,950.00 Given:
r= 6.13% I= ₱650.00
t= 3.5 years r= 5%
t= 1 year
Solution:
A. I= Prt Solution:
I= (19,950) (0.0613) (3.5) 𝐼
P= 𝑟𝑡
I= (1,222.935) (3.5) 650
I= ₱4,288.27 P= (0.05)(1)
B. F= P+I 650
P= 0.05
F= 19,950 + 4,288.27
F= ₱24,238.27 P= ₱13,000.00

Maturity Value- Amount payable to an Principal Amount- A payment toward the

investor at the end of a debt instrument’s
original amount of a loan that is owed.
holding period.
 LEARNING PLAN

For Simple Interest Rate:

𝐼
Formula: r= 𝑃𝑡
Given:
P= ₱12,000.00
I= ₱315.00 Simple Interest Rate- A
t= 2 years percentage charged on the total
amount you borrow or save.
Solution:
𝐼
r= 𝑃𝑡
315
r= (12,000)(2)
315
r= 24,000
r= 0.013125
r= 1.3125
r= 1.31%

For Time:
𝐼
Formula: t= 𝑃𝑟
Given:
I= ₱1,150.00
r= 4%
Time- An interest-bearing
P= 23,455.00
bank account that has a date
of maturity.
Solution:
𝐼
t= 𝑃𝑟
1,150
t= 23,455 (0.04)

1,150
t= 938.2

t= 1.23 year

Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

ANALYSIS

Analyze problem related to the basic concepts of the

application of mathematics in finance.

Exercise 1 1.5 week task Pen and Paper

Directions: Solve the following based on what is

asked. Support your answers with solutions.

Find the simple interest of a Find the ordinary interest of a

1 ₱342,000.00 loan at 15.9% interest
rate for 4.75 years
2 ₱99,200.00 loan at 8.15% interest
rate for 205 days.

Find the simple of a Find the simple of a

₱342,400.00 loan at 15.9% ₱342,400.00 loan at 15.9%
interest rate for 4.75 years interest rate for 4.75 years

Find the exact interest of a Find the maturity value of a

3 ₱225,000.00 investment at 13%
interest rate for 298 days.
4 ₱500,000.00 loan at 24% interest
for 6 years.

Find the simple of a Find the simple of a

₱342,400.00 loan at 15.9% ₱342,400.00 loan at 15.9%
interest rate for 4.75 years interest rate for 4.75 years
 LEARNING PLAN

Find the principal amount if an Find the simple interest rate if a

5 interest of ₱1,200.00 was charged
at 4% for 2 years.
6 loan of ₱335,000.00 was charged
₱11,500.00 for 10.25 years.

Find the simple of a Find the simple of a

₱342,400.00 loan at 15.9% ₱342,400.00 loan at 15.9%
interest rate for 4.75 years interest rate for 4.75 years

Find the time when the interest on

7 an ₱15,750.00 deposit is
₱1,700.00 at 5 ½% interest rate.

Find the simple of a

₱342,400.00 loan at 15.9%
interest rate for 4.75 years

M
Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta
 LEARNING PLAN

APPLICATION

Apply the basic concepts of the application of

mathematics in finance.

Exercise 1 1.5 week task Pen and Paper

Directions: Read each statements and apply

basic concepts of the application of
mathematics in finance.

1
A student from Biliran
Province State University
wants to have a laptop for
future use, that is why her
mother got a loan. A loan of
₱250,000.00 was charged
₱1,200.00 for 2.25 years.
What simple interest rate was
applied?

A bank manager has a

₱45,500.00 loan at 8.14% for
159 days, find the ordinary
and exact interest.
 LEARNING PLAN

How many years will it take to

grow to ₱50,000.00 from an
investment of ₱35,000.00 with
a simple interest of 8%?

Silldrick Bre a LGBTQ+

4
member was a part-time
teacher in a university,
because of the pandemic he
lost his job. He borrowed
₱15,000.00 from his former
collegue at 4% simple interest
rate. After two and a half
years, he paid off the amount
by giving ₱15,125 and a
check. Find the amount of the
check?

5
A tourist guide has
₱60,000.00. Her co-worker
borrowed ₱20,000.00 to pay
in one year at 5% interest
rate. Find the maturity value
of the loan and its difference
from the original amount of
the tourist guide.

Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

ASSIGNED READINGS

To learn more about the basic

concepts of the application of
mathematics to finance, read the
book “Mathematics in the Modern
World”. Catherine O. Hengania,
Rhoda P. Agdeppa-Namoco, Yamilita
M. Pabilona, Eusebio R. Lina, Jr.,
Kennet G. Cuarteros, Jedifel Macas
Yburan, pp. 156-162.

Pages of the book is provided in the

WOW BiPSU LMS.

How will the basic concepts of the application of mathematics to

finance will help you in your future careers in tourism & hospitality
industries?

_____________________________________________
Find the simple of a ₱342,400.00 loan at
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
15.9% interest rate for 4.75 years
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
 LEARNING PLAN

FEEDBACK

Read each statement carefully, Write T if you think the statement is

Directions: TRUE and write F if the statement is FALSE.

1. When computing for Exact Interest, the assumption is that a

year contains 360 days.

2. Every final answers must contain two decimal places.

3. When computing for Maturity Value, there are two formulas that
are needed.

4. When computing for Ordinary Interest, the assumption is that a

year contains 360 days.

5. The final answer when computing time/term should be in years.

M
Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta
 LEARNING PLAN

SUMMARY

Mathematics of finance deals with how a certain individual handles and manages
his/her monetary resources. It is not on how much one earns but on how he makes
the most out of what he earns, one law that make sense about managing finances.

There are basic components applying the mathematics of finance, namely:

 Simple Interest
 Ordinary & Exact Interest
 Maturity Value
 Principal Amount
 Simple Interest Rate
 Time or Term

Formulas:
 For Simple Interest:
Formula: I= Prt
 For Exact Interest:
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
Formula: 𝐼𝑒 = Pr 365
 For Ordinary Interest:
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
Formula: 𝐼𝑜 = Pr 360
 For Maturity Value:
Formulas: I= Prt, F= P+I
 For Principal Amount:
𝐼
Formula: P= 𝑟𝑡
 For Simple Interest Rate:
𝐼
Formula: r= 𝑃𝑡
 For Time:
𝐼
Formula: t= 𝑃𝑟
SUGGESTED READINGS

Hengania, Catherine O., et.al.(2018)

Mathematics in the Modern World, Mutya
Publishing, pp.156-174.

M
M
W
 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

One of the measure of success is on how one manages finance specially in

business. It is not on how much a business earns but on how it makes the most out
of what the business earns.

3 weeks task Pen and paper

Assessment Task:
Using your knowledge and learnings on
the series of activities given to you,
complete the learning worksheet
applying the basic concepts of the
application of mathematics to finances.

PERFORMANCE TASK ON MAKING INFOGRAPHICS

Program Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Course Mathematics in the Modern World

Topic The Mathematics of Finance

Present a comprehension of different learnings in

Course Outcome Mathematics of Finance in the context of Tourism
Management as to the Basic Finance Standards.
Intended Learning Present a complete learning worksheets in a portfolio
Outcome applying the Basic Components of Mathematics Finance.
The students will make a portfolio/compilation of all given
activities.
Nature of the Final Format:
Product a. Compiled in a long brown folder, long bond
paper with fastener.
b. Font style & size- Arial 12
 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

PERFORMANCE TASK ON MAKING INFOGRAPHICS

Materials Pen & paper

1. This activity is done individually.

2. Duration of activity is 3 weeks.
3. Guidelines:
a. The learners must use every given formulas and
Task Prompt
show complete solutions.
b. The learners must apply the decimal rule.
c. The output should be submitted on or before the
deadline.

M
Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta
 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Directions: Solve for the following items using the formula provided.
Blank sheets are provided for your answer and solution.

Worksheet Compute for Simple Interest: (Formula: I = Prt)

1. P= ₱34,200.00 r= 5% t= 3 years
2. P= ₱155,000.00
1 3. P= ₱300,300.00
r= 10% t= 7 years
r= 12.5% t= 7.25 years
4. P= ₱59,620.00 r= 2% t= 5 years
5. P= ₱1,000,000.00 r= 17% t= 12 years

𝐼
Compute for Principal Amount: (Formula: P= 𝑟𝑡)
1. I= ₱99,000.00 r= 9% t= 2 years
2. I= ₱57,500.00 r= 4% t= 6.13 years
3. I= ₱870,000.00 r= 12.4% t= 8 years
4. I= ₱932,090.00 r= 19% t= 7.5 years
5. I= ₱678,920.00 r= 14.5% t= 3 years

Worksheet Compute for Maturity Value: (Formulas: I= Prt & F= P+I)

1. P= ₱76,500.00 r= 5% t= 5.6 years
2. P= ₱107,080.00 r= 10%
2 3. P= ₱1,200,000.00 r= 21%
t= 7 years
t= 10 years
4. P= ₱460,500.00 r= 8.7% t= 6.45 years
5. P= ₱1,000,000.00 r= 12.55% t= 15 years

𝐼
Compute for Principal Amount: (Formula: P= 𝑟𝑡)
1. I= ₱552,000.00 r= 11% t= 5.23 years
2. I= ₱877,100.00 r= 9% t= 10.5 years
3. I= ₱845,300.00 r= 10% t= 6 years
4. I= ₱3,450,000.00 r= 25% t= 14 years
5. I= ₱1,950,080.00 r= 13% t= 13.15 years
 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Worksheet 𝐼
Compute for Simple Interest Rate: (Formula: r= 𝑃𝑡)
1. P= ₱100,000.00 I= ₱1,700.00 t= 5.65 years
3 2. P= ₱1,050,000.00 I= ₱23,500.00 t= 6.7 years
3. P= ₱166,600.00 I= ₱13,550.00 t= 4 years
4. P= ₱29,200.00 I= ₱5,000.00 t= 4.1 years
5. P= ₱750,065.00 I= ₱21,000.00 t= 3 years

𝐼
Compute for Time(in years): (Formula: t= 𝑃𝑟)
1. P= ₱56,000.00 I= ₱13,400.00 r= 7%
2. P= ₱180,200.00 I= ₱5,850.00 r= 7.1%
3. P= ₱2,000,200.00 I= ₱21,800.00 r= 10%
4. P= ₱71,800.00 I= ₱19,000.00 r= 8.21%
5. P= ₱720,510.00 I= ₱34,160.00 r= 11%

Lesson 1: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 LESSON 2.
Data Management
(Data Gathering & Organizing Data)
- Ungrouped Data
 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

Data management is one of the key topics in Statistics. This topic will help you
manage and organize data and will surely help you when ii comes to research
studies.

2 weeks task Pen and paper

Assessment Task:
Using your previous knowledge and
background in mathematics, probability
and statistics, complete the learning
worksheet applying the types of data
distributions of data management.

Directions: Solve for the following items using the formula provided.
Blank sheets are provided for your answer and solution.

Compute for Measures of Central Tendency:

Worksheet 𝚺𝐱 𝐱+𝐲
(Formulas: ẋ= , md= )
𝐧 𝟐
1. Find the mean, if Σx= 155; n=5.
1 2. Find the mean in the data set,
(1.2, 1.5, 2.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 1.4).
3. Find the mean in the set of values:
(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50).
4. Find the mean, if Σx= 2,650; n=10
5. Find the median in the data set, (25, 27, 30, 33).
6. Find the median, if x= 90; y=92.
7. Find the median in the set of values:
(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50).
8. Find the mode in the set of values,
(90, 89, 88, 89, 91, 90, 89, 85).
9. Find the mode in the set of values,
(102, 109, 161, 130, 135, 110, 115).
10. Find the mode in the set of values, (101, 111, 101,
121, 131, 111, 121, 101, 111, 111, 121, 111, 101,110,
121, 110, 121, 112, 110, 101, 131, 113).
 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

Worksheet Compute for Measures of Dispersion:

𝟏 (𝐈𝐐𝐑+𝟏)
(Formulas: R= HV-LV, IQR= 𝐐𝟑 − 𝐐𝟏 , 𝐐𝟏 = , 𝐐𝟑 =
𝟒
2 𝟑 (𝐈𝐐𝐑+𝟏) 𝟐
𝟒
,𝐬 =
𝚺(𝐱−ẋ)𝟐
𝐧−𝟏
, AD=
𝚺│𝐱−ẋ│
𝐧
)

1. Find the range, if HV=19; LV=11

2. Find the interquartile range, if Q3 =23.7; Q1 =21.3
3. Find the variance, if Σ(x − ẋ)2 =215; n=9
4. Find the standard deviation, if s2 = 4
5. Find the absolute deviation, if Σ│x − ẋ│=372; n=17

6-10. Find the measure of dispersion of the given data

sets, (90, 84, 91, 93, 87, 86).
(Note: For IQR, Q3 =55; Q1 =48)

Worksheet Compute for Measures of Relative Position:

𝐱−ẋ
(Formulas: L= (K/100)n, z= )
𝐬
3 1-3. Find the quartiles of the given data set,
(5, 11, 20, 22, 23, 30, 32).
4-8. Locate the 23rd, 30th, 39th, 40th, & 51st percentile of
the data set, (82, 84, 85, 88, 90, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99).
9. Find the z-score, if x=90; ẋ=83; s=2.
10. Find the x, if z-score=5; ẋ=63; s=5.

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 COURSE PRE-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 KEY TERMS

Domestic Tourism - A central or typical value for a probability distribution.

Central Tendency Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often
called averages.

Domestic Tourism - It is an average of a data set and can be found by

Mean adding all the numbers in the data set and divide by
the number of values.

Domestic Tourism - A value separating the higher half from the lower half
Median of a data sample, a population or a probability
distribution.

Domestic Tourism - The value that appears most often in a set of data
Mode
values.

Domestic Tourism - A statistical term that describes the size of the

Dispersion distribution of values expected for a particular
variable.

Domestic Tourism - It is the difference between the highest and lowest

Range
values in a set of numbers.

Domestic Tourism
- Is a measure of variability, based on driving a data
Interquartile Range
set into quartiles.

Domestic Tourism - It is calculated by taking the average of squared

Variance deviations from the mean.
 KEY TERMS

- It is a measure of the amount of variation or

dispersion of a set of values. In ungrouped data,
Standard Deviation standard deviation is a summary measure of the
differences of each observation from the mean.

- The mean absolute deviation of a data set is the

average of the absolute deviation from a central point.
Absolute Deviation
It is a summary statistics of statistical dispersion or
variability.

Domestic Tourism - It is the conversion of values, usually standardized

Relative Position test scores, to show where a given value stands in
relation to other values of the same grouping.

Domestic Tourism - A type of quantile which divides the number of data

Quartiles points into four parts or quarters of more or less equal
size.

Domestic Tourism - This divides the observation into 100 equal parts. It
Percentile is used to indicate how much of the observation may
be found.

Domestic Tourism - This indicates how many standard deviations an

Z-score element is from the mean.

M
 LEARNING PLAN

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

To present a complete learning worksheets in a portfolio

applying the Types of Data Distribution. .

As a learner you need to:

Explore the types of the measures of data distribution

(ungrouped data).

Analyze problem related to the measures of data

distribution (ungrouped data).

Apply the measures of data distribution (ungrouped data).

M
 LEARNING PLAN

ACTIVATION

1 week task Pen and paper

Mathematics is one
the least loved subject
of all time but also one
of the most challenging
and interesting, so
before we proceed to
our main course let’s
have first our appetizer.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Form a word in the boxes by answering
the following sequence.

1.) 5, 10, 20, __, 80,….

A. 25 S. 40 C.49
M. 60 O. 45

2.) __, 4, -1, -6, -11, -16,….

B. 6 E. 7 A. 5
T. 9 L. 8

3.) x+1, x 2 +x, _____,…..

A. x 3 +x 2 S. x 2 +2 C. x+x
B. x+1 I. x 3 +x
 ACTIVATION

4.) A, D, __, J, M, P,….

L. F S. I N. E
T. G C. K

5.) ________, Thursday, Monday, Friday, Tuesday,….

A. Monday E. Thursday U. Saturday
O. Friday I. Sunday

6.) 2, 2, 2, __, 8, 16, 32,….

A. 2 S. 4 C. 7
T. 6 I. 5

7.) F, T, F, T, T, __, T, F, F,….

B. S E. O A. B
T. T L. F

8.) _____, x+y, 2x+2y, 6x+6y,….

A. x-1 E. 2 U. x+1
O. 1 I. x+y

9.) If 2x1=3; 4x2=10; 3x3=12, then 2x5=?

L. 10 S. 3 C. 15
T. 7 C. 13

10.) If 2x1=6; 4x2=24; 3x3=18, then 2x5=?

A. 7 S. 14 C. 10
T. 5 I. 2

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

Explore the types of the measures

ACTIVITIES of data distribution (ungrouped
data).

0.5 week Pen and paper

Exercise 1
Directions: Using you previous knowledge in
mathematics, statistics, and probability DEFINE
the measures of data distribution (ungrouped
data).

Central Tendency:

Mean:

Median:

Mode:

Range:

Standard Deviation:
 Activity-Exercise #1

Variance:

Relative Position:

Quartile:

Z-score:

M
Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta
 LEARNING PLAN

Explore the types of the measures

ACTIVITIES of data distribution (ungrouped
data).

0.5 week Pen and paper

Exercise 2

Directions: Read the following statements and

choose the correct term from the box given
below.

1 This divides the observation into 100 equal parts.

This is the average of the average distance between each data

2 value and the mean.

It is the difference between the 75th and the 25th percentile or

3 between the upper and lower percentile.

Measure of __________, measures how the various elements

4 behave with regards to central tendency.

5 A set of data values that appears most often.

Percentile Absolute Deviation

Mode
Dispersion Interquartile Range

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

ABSTRACTION REMEMBER THIS!

Before you proceed to the next activities

look at the boxes below, these are given
with formula and computation. These
may help you in doing the succeeding
activities in this module.

Sample Problem:

M Find the measures of central tendency,

dispersion and relative position of the set
of values:

M (95, 92, 88, 85, 97, 92, 84, 87, 91, 90)

Note:
For IQR, Q3 =12.9; Q1 =6.9
For Percentile, locate the 29th & 30th
W percentile.
For Z-score, x=95
Arranged data:
(84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 92, 95, 97)

CENTRAL - A central or typical value for a probability distribution. Colloquially, measures of

TENDENCY central tendency are often called averages.

- It is an average of a data set and can be found by adding all the numbers in the
MEAN
data set and divide by the number of values.

- A value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a
MEDIAN
population or a probability distribution.

MODE - The value that appears most often in a set of data values.
 LEARNING PLAN

Measures of Central Tendency

For Mean:
𝚺𝐱
Formula: ẋ= where; Σ= summation or the sum of given data
𝐧
x= data
n= total number of data
ẋ= mean or average
Solution:
Σx
ẋ=
n
84+85+87+88+90+91+92+92+95+97
ẋ=
10
901
ẋ=
10
ẋ= 90.1

Measures of Central Tendency

For Median:
𝐱+𝐲
Formula: md= where; x & y= two middle terms in the given set
𝟐
2= constant data
md= median
Solution:
x+y
md=
2
90+91
md=
2
181
md= (Note: The formula is only applicable if the
2

md= 90.5 given data are evenly order)

For Mode:
mo= 92 (Since it appears twice in the given set)
(Note:
a. If there are two or more data that appears twice or more, then it will be the mode/s
b. If there is no data that appears twice or more, then there will be no mode/s)
 LEARNING PLAN

- A statistical term that describes the size of the distribution of values expected for a
Dispersion particular variable.

RANGE - It is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers.

Interquartile
- Is a measure of variability, based on driving a data set into quartiles.
Range

Variance - It is calculated by taking the average of squared deviations from the mean.

- It is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. In

Standard
ungrouped data, standard deviation is a summary measure of the differences of
Deviation
each observation from the mean.

Absolute - The mean absolute deviation of a data set is the average of the absolute deviation
Deviation from a central point. It is a summary statistics of statistical dispersion or variability.

Measures of Dispersion
For Range:
Formula: R= HV-LV where; R= range
HV= highest value
LV= lowest value
Solution: R= HV-LV
R= 97-84
R= 13

For Interquartile Range:

Formula(s): IQR= 𝐐𝟑 − 𝐐𝟏 where; IQR=interquartile range
𝟏 (𝐈𝐐𝐑+𝟏)
𝐐𝟏 = Q= quartile
𝟒
𝟑 (𝐈𝐐𝐑+𝟏)
𝐐𝟑 = 1(s), 3 & 4= constant data
𝟒
Steps:
1. Find the first interquartile range using the given values for Q1 & Q3 .
2. Substitute the value of the first interquartile range to solve for Q1 & Q3 .
3. Find the difference of the Q1 & Q3 from step 2 using the first formula for the final
answer.
 LEARNING PLAN

Measures of Dispersion
Continuation for IQR……
Solution:
1 (𝐼𝑄𝑅+1) 3 (𝐼𝑄𝑅+1)
IQR= 𝑄3 − 𝑄1 𝑄1 = 𝑄3 = IQR= 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
4 4

1 (6+1) 3 (6+1)
IQR= 12.9- 6.9 𝑄1 = 𝑄3 = IQR= 5.25- 1.75
4 4

7 21
IQR= 6 𝑄1 = 4 𝑄3 = 4 IQR= 3.5
Q1 = 1.75 𝑄3 = 3.25

For Variance:
𝚺(𝐱−ẋ)𝟐
Formula: 𝐬𝟐 = where;
𝐧−𝟏
Σ= summation or the sum of given data
x= data
n= total number of data
ẋ= mean or average
s2 = variance
Steps:
1. Arrange the data from lowest to highest or vice versa.
2. Calculate the mean and the deviations of each item from the mean.
3. Use the formula.
x x−ẋ (x − ẋ)2
Solutions:
84 -6.1 37.21
Σ(x−ẋ)2
85 -5.1 s2 = n−1
26.01
87 -3.1 9.61
88 -2.1 s2 = 156.9 4.41
10−1
90 -0.1 0.01
91 0.9 156.9
0.81
s2 =
92 1.9 9 3.61
92 1.9 𝒔𝟐 = 17.43 3.61
95 4.9 24.01
97 6.9 47.61
ẋ= 90.1 n= 10 Σ(x − ẋ)2 = 156.9
 LEARNING PLAN

For Standard Deviation:

Solution: s2 = 17.43 (Note: Standard deviation is just the square
s 2 = 17.43 root of its variance.)
s= 4.17

Measures of Dispersion
For Absolute Deviation:
𝚺│𝐱−ẋ│
Formula: AD= where;
𝐧
Σ= summation or the sum of given data
x= data
n= total number of data
ẋ= mean or average
AD= absolute deviation
Steps:
1. Arrange the data from lowest to highest or vice versa.
2. Calculate the mean and the absolute deviation of each value from the mean.
3. Compute using the formula.
Solutions:
x │x − ẋ│ Σ│x−ẋ│
AD= n
84 6.1
33
85 5.1 AD= 10

87 3.1 AD= 3.3 (Note: Absolute value disregard

negative signs.)
88 2.1

90 0.1

91 0.9

92 1.9

92 1.9

95 4.9

97 6.9

ẋ= 90.1 Σ│𝑥 − ẋ│=33

M
 LEARNING PLAN

Relative - It is the conversion of values, usually standardized test scores, to show where a
Position given value stands in relation to other values of the same grouping.

- A type of quartile which divides the number of data points into four parts or quarters
Quartiles
of more or less equal size.

- This divides the observation into 100 equal parts. It is used to indicate how
PERCENTILE
much of the observation may be found.

Z-SCORE - This indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean.

Measures of Relative Position

For Quartiles:
Steps:
1. Arrange the data from lowest to highest or vice versa in a line graph.
2. Compute for Q1 , Q2 & Q3 using the formula for median (if the order is even).
Solution:
𝐐𝟏 =87.5 𝐐𝟐 =90.5 𝐐𝟑 =92

Solution:
𝐱+𝐲 𝟖𝟕+𝟖𝟖 𝟏𝟕𝟓
For Q1 : Q1 = 𝟐 ; Q1 = ; Q1 = ;
𝟐 𝟐
𝑸𝟏 = 87.5
 LEARNING PLAN

Measures of Relative Position

M
Continuation for Quartiles……
Solution:
𝐱+𝐲 𝟗𝟎+𝟗𝟏 𝟏𝟖𝟏
For Q2 : Q2 = 𝟐 ; Q2 = 𝟐 ; Q2 = ;
𝟐
𝑸𝟐 = 90.5

𝐱+𝐲 𝟗𝟐+𝟗𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟒

For Q3 : Q3 = 𝟐 ; Q3 = ; Q3 = ;
𝟐 𝟐
𝑸𝟑 = 92

For Percentile:
Formula: L= (K/100)n where; K= given percentile
100= constant data
n= total number of data
L= position of the data
Steps:
1. Arrange the data from lowest to highest.
2. Compute the position using the formula.
3. If L is whole number, k-th is midway between L and the next value (use the median
formula).
4. If L is not a whole number, round it up to the next integer and the value at that
position is the k-th percentile.
Solution:
L= (K/100)n L= (K/100)n
L= (29/100)10 L= (30/100)10
L= (0.29)10 L= (0.3)10
rd
L= 2.9 or 3 position L= 3
29th= 87 L= 92+95
L= 92+95/2
L= 187/2
30th= 93.5
For Z-score:
𝐱−ẋ
Formula: z= where; x= given data
𝐬
ẋ= mean
s= standard deviation
z= z-score
95−90.1
Solution: z=
4.17
4.9
z=
4.17
z= 1.18

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

ANALYSIS

Analyze a journal article related to statistics course.

Exercise 1 2 week task Pen and Paper

Directions: Review an article about Student’s

Attitude towards Statistics Course. Be guided on the
following journal article evaluation format.

Structure:
• What is the intention of the study?
• How does the author outline the intention early on; how is this carried through the
paper?
• What theory was used?

Awareness of Current Debate?

• What existing debate in the field is the study addressing? Specify clearly by
undertaking a Literature Review of academic journal articles using the online library
facilities. (Note: newspapers, books, business magazines, and popular business
articles such as those in the HBR are not accepted.

Methodology and Results

• Assess the appropriateness of the methodology used.
• What are the results?
• How do the result correlate with the theory used?

Originality
• What is the unique and valuable contribution of the study to the body of knowledge?
• What are the management applications of the findings?
• What areas of further research does it suggest?

Conclusions
• Compare the conclusions of the study with other similar academic work.

Clarity and Readability

• Assess the adequacy of attention on grammar, sentence structure, and explanation
of jargon or acronyms.
 Analysis-Exercise #1

Reference for the article review:

Noraidah Sahari et.al., (2011). Student’s Attitude towards Statistics
Course. pp.287-294. Retrieved March 15,2021,
http://www.sciencedirect.com.

M
M
W

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

APPLICATION

Apply the measures of data distribution (ungrouped

data).

Exercise 1 1.5 week task Pen and Paper

Directions: Read each statements and apply

the measures of data distribution (ungrouped
data).

1
Teacher Gleenice wants to indicate the central values in the
distribution of the grades in her Arts appreciation subject of the
1st year Tourism Management students.

2.8 1.5 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.8 2.4 1.0 2.2 1.8
Find the simple of a ₱342,400.00 loan
1.4 1.9 2.4 2.6 at
1.715.9% interest
2.2 1.1 2.7 rate
1.8 for
2.34.75 years

1.5 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.8 2.0

1.6 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.3 2.7 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.9
 APPLICATION

2
Consider the following scores
of 25 examinees in a 100-item
diagnostic examination, find
the measures of dispersion.

76 89 68 78 85
Find the simple of a ₱342,400.00
85 65 58 69 loan
74 at 15.9% interest rate for 4.75

78 84 67 62 years
75

84 89 46 91 49

85 86 78 65 75

The report card of Mark Sulla

3
shows that his grade in math
is 91 and 87 for English. The
mean grade in Math is 84
and a standard deviation ofFind the simple of a ₱342,400.00 loan
4. In English, the mean
grade is 85, and standard
at 15.9% interest rate for 4.75 years
deviation is 7. In which
subject does Mark Sulla
performs better?

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 LEARNING PLAN

ASSIGNED READINGS

To learn more about the measures of

data distribution (ungrouped data),
read the book “Mathematics in the
Modern World”. Catherine O.
Hengania, Rhoda P. Agdeppa-
Namoco, Yamilita M. Pabilona,
Eusebio R. Lina, Jr., Kennet G.
Cuarteros, Jedifel Macas Yburan, pp.
53-74.

Pages of the book is provided in the

WOW BiPSU LMS.

M
How will the measures of data distribution (ungrouped data), will
M help you in your future careers in tourism & hospitality industries?

W _____________________________________________
Find the simple of a ₱342,400.00 loan at
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
15.9% interest rate for 4.75 years
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
 LEARNING PLAN

FEEDBACK

Read each statement carefully, Write T if you think the statement is

Directions:
TRUE and write F if the statement is FALSE.

1. The value that appears most often in a set of data values is

called as mode.

2. Variance indicates how many standard deviations an element is

from the mean.

3. Percentile is a value separating the higher half from the lower

half of a data sample, a population or a probability distribution.

4. Variance is calculated by taking the average of squared

deviations from the mean.

5. Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or

dispersion of a set of values. In ungrouped data, standard
deviation is a summary measure of the differences of each
observation from the mean.

M
 LEARNING PLAN

SUMMARY

The foundation of a sound decision is a good and reliable data gathering procedure.
The credibility of the output relies much on how data is gathered and managed. Good
data produces good result.
Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information
about variables on study in an established systematic procedure, which then enable to
answer relevant questions at hand and evaluate outcomes.

There are selected types of data distribution (ungrouped data) discussed in this
module, namely:
 Measures of Central Tendency:
 Mean
 Median
 Mode
 Measures of Dispersion:
 Range
 Interquartile Range
 Variance
 Standard Deviation
 Absolute Deviation
 Maturity Measures of Relative Position:
 Quartiles
 Percentile
 Z-score
 LEARNING PLAN

SUMMARY

Formulas:
 For Mean:
Σx
Formula: ẋ= n
 For Median:
x+y
Formula: md= 2
 For Range:
Formula: R= HV-LV
 For Interquartile Range:
1 (IQR+1) 3 (IQR+1)
Formulas: IQR= Q3 − Q1 Q1 = Q3 =
4 4
 For Variance:
Σ(x−ẋ)2
Formula: s2 = n−1
 For Absolute Deviation:
Σ│x−ẋ│
Formula: AD= n
 For Percentile:
Formula: L= (K/100)n
 For Z-score:
x−ẋ
Formula: z= s
 SUGGESTED READINGS

Hengania, Catherine O., et.al.(2018)

Mathematics in the Modern World, Mutya
Publishing, pp.53-74.

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

One of the measure of success is on how one manages finance specially in

business. It is not on how much a business earns but on how it makes the most out
of what the business earns.

3 weeks task Pen and paper

Assessment Task:
Using your knowledge and learnings on
the series of activities given to you,
complete the learning worksheet
applying the basic concepts of the
application of mathematics to finances.

PERFORMANCE TASK ON MAKING INFOGRAPHICS

Program Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Course Mathematics in the Modern World

Data Management-Ungrouped Data (Data Gathering &

Topic
Organizing Data)
Analyze statistical data in relation to research and business
Course Outcome
functions.
Apply the measures of data distribution (ungrouped data).
Intended Learning Outcome Present a complete learning worksheets in a portfolio applying
the Types of Data Distribution.
The students will make a portfolio/compilation of all given
activities.
Format:
Nature of the Final Product
a. Compiled in a long brown folder, long bond
paper with fastener.
b. Font style & size- Arial 12
 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

PERFORMANCE TASK ON MAKING INFOGRAPHICS

Materials Pen & paper

1. This activity is done individually.

2. Duration of activity is 3 weeks.
3. Guidelines:
a. The learners must use every given formulas and
Task Prompt
show complete solutions.
b. The learners must apply the decimal rule.
c. The output should be submitted on or before the
deadline.

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Directions: Solve for the following items using the formula provided.
Blank sheets are provided for your answer and solution.

Compute for Measures of Central Tendency:

Worksheet 𝚺𝐱 𝐱+𝐲
(Formulas: ẋ= , md= )
𝐧 𝟐
1. Find the mean, if Σx= 300; n=15.
1 2. Find the mean in the data set,
(2.5, 1.3, 1.7, 2.5, 1.1, 2.8, 1.2).
3. Find the mean in the set of values:
(10, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140).
4. Find the mean, if Σx= 12,805; n=40
5. Find the median in the data set, (15, 29, 42, 45).
6. Find the median, if x= 78; y=83.
7. Find the median in the set of values:
(20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 130).
8. Find the mode in the set of values,
(80, 79, 75, 85, 91, 90, 89, 87).
9. Find the mode in the set of values,
(1.7, 1.2, 2.4, 1.8, 1.7, 1.2, 1.8).
10. Find the mode in the set of values, (200, 200, 122,
121, 232, 223, 120, 222, 211, 242, 224, 252, 225, 200,
250, 205, 255, 112, 332, 323, 355, 525).

Worksheet Compute for Measures of Dispersion:

𝟏 (𝐈𝐐𝐑+𝟏)
(Formulas: R= HV-LV, IQR= 𝐐𝟑 − 𝐐𝟏 , 𝐐𝟏 = , 𝐐𝟑 =
𝟒
2 𝟑 (𝐈𝐐𝐑+𝟏) 𝟐
𝟒
,𝐬 =
𝚺(𝐱−ẋ)𝟐
𝐧−𝟏
, AD=
𝚺│𝐱−ẋ│
𝐧
)

1. Find the lowest value, if HV=25; R=15

2. Find the interquartile range, if Q3 =99.6; Q1 =89.8
3. Find the variance, if Σ(x − ẋ)2 =566; n=24
4. Find the standard deviation, if s 2 = 36
5. Find the absolute deviation, if Σ│x − ẋ│=1,100; n=54

6-10. Find the measure of dispersion of the given data

sets, (90, 84, 91, 92, 87, 86, 80, 92, 84, 82).
(Note: For IQR, Q3 =24.5; Q1 =17.8)
 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Worksheet Compute for Measures of Relative Position:

𝐱−ẋ
(Formulas: L= (K/100)n, z= )
𝐬
3 1-3. Find the quantiles of the given data set,
(6, 11, 20, 21, 23, 30, 32, 36, 45, 50).
4-8. Locate the 15th, 31st, 39th, & 42nd percentile of this
data set, (78, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88, 90, 94, 94, 95, 98, 99).
9. Find the z-score, if x=92; ẋ=84; s=5.25.
10. Find the x, if z-score=12; ẋ=82; s=2.

Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 COURSE POST-ASSESSMENT

Write your answers and solutions here.

 REFERENCES

Adam, John A., (2018) Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural
World

Adam, John A., (2018) A Mathematical Nature Walk

Aufmann, R. et al., (2017) Mathematical Excursion (Chaps. 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, and

13) 3rd Ed (International Edition).

COMAP inc., (2018) For All Practical Purposes, Introduction to Contemporary

Mathematics (2nd Ed.)

Fisher, Carol Burns., (2017) The Language of Mathematics (from One

Mathematical Cat, Please! By Carol Burns Fisher)

Hengania, Catherine et al., (2018) Mathematics in the Modern World, Mutya

Publishing

Sirug, W.S., (2018) Mathematics in the Modern World: A CHED General

Education Curriculum Complaint, Mindshapers Company, Incorporated

Joshi, Mark S., (2003) The Concepts and Practice Mathematical Finance

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Lesson 2: Mathematics in the Modern World by KJ Cordeta

 VISION MISSION
A state university leading in To advance the university through
research and innovation for innovative human resource,
human empowerment and responsive research, sustainable
societal development. production and demand-driven
extension services.

CORE VALUES
Brilliance, Innovation, Progress, Service, Unity

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