A

PUBLIC AQUARIUM
EDWARD N. L E W I S
THESiS - 19"75
 CO VTtíFTS

I. INTRODUG ION
A, Proposal
B, Introduction
û, History

II. AGT VITIES

A. Display
B. •^rlvate Area
G. Receivinc: and Shii:)T)in^
^b

D, Stora^:p
!l íi
E. A d r n i n i s t r a t i o n and iMinloyees

III. SITE
A. I]"i i'or'iation
1. The c i t y
2. iie a r e a
3. Area h i s t o r y

S. Gli ivq.tolo'^ical Data

]., Cxeneral s t a t e m e n t
2. Data

C, i- aps
1. Soiithwest United States
2. West Texas
•^. Lnb'bocV: Goimty
4. Gity and Ganyon
5. "^^lort;! Lubhoc!^:
6. Photoj'^aph of e x i s t i n g s.ite

I I I I I I I I
IV. 'iISCELLANEGUS
A. Entrance
B.
C. V/aiting Area
D. L e c t u r e Area
E. Circulation
F. Security
G. Problems
H. Glient
I, Revenue and Costs
J. Zonin-: and Codes

V. APPENDIX
A, Gorrespondence
B. Bi'i-ilJ ofîraphy
IIMTRODUCTiaiM
PUOPuSA ^

The proposed facility housing the Abner J, Holsorabach Aquarium is

situated in the Yellow House Canyon Drav/ north of the City of
LubbocV, Texas, The aquarium will be part of a fifty-seven acre
site desi-^nated by the city for development into a Botanical,
Gultural and Zoolorical Complex. The first phase of the project
will include the aquarium, an aviary, a reptile house and a
botanical park, This pro-ran' deals solely \/ith aquarium, v/hich
will have a total display capacity of at least fjfty thousand
c^allons and a baclra i ca-nacity of sevent""-five thousand p^allons
(ratio 1.5).

INTRODUCTIO':

In an average year, people in the United States visit aquariTJims some

seventeen million times. This does not mean that seventeen nillion
different people visit aquariums every year, because there are a
number of repeat visits by keen aquarium ^oers and members of
aq'i^'rium socities; but even iT v/e allow for a high proportion of
repeat visits, this leaves quite a number of visitors.

Why do so many neople visit aquariuras? In raany places it may be

due to the low or non-existent admission charge, but mainly it is
because a lot of people are curious and/or fascinated by the crea-
tures on display. The ordinary cltizen can see and learn more about
lífe in the water in one afternoon at an aquarium than he could ever
hope to anyv.'here else.
Life in the water is so varied and diversified that only a small
portion of it can be presented for viewing in any one area.
Although fishes were the first and the most recognized water
creatures, there arc a number of other creatures which share their
domain. Besides the more than twenty thousand species of fish,
there are estimated to be 120,000 species of iiivertebrates (jelly-
fish, clams, shrimp, crabs, corals, sea anemones and sponges to
name a few familiar ones); 3,000 species of amphibians; 211 species
01 water turtles; 21 orocodilians and 2125 snakes, There are 136
2
species ofraanmialsand one species of aquatic lizard.

HIS ORY
People have been keeping fish for a very long time. The Sumarians
stocked ponds and pools with food fishes as far back as 2300 B.C.
The Ghinese domesticated carp over two thousand years ago, and
established weed ponds, now known as goldfish ponds, during the
second Chin Dynasty. V/ith the development of technologies a great
variety of sea and fresh water life could be maintained. The Romans
constructed canals to lead salt v/ater into their banquet hall aquar-
iuras, but it was the industrial revolution that ofiered the equipment
needed lor successful experiments in aquariura desig:n and np reep.

Goldfish reached iLn":land in 1711 and from there spread throughout

the rest of Europe. In 1885 London opened the first fish house,
but it wasn't until five years later that goldfish were introduced
into the United States. On the lOth of December, 1896, the first
aquarivim in the United States opened in New York Gity,
 The aquariura displays were first constructed of concrete, but since
the advent of fiberglass they have been constructed of both materials.
Plate glass is the only transparency used.

I I

M M
 ACTIVITIES

i i i i

í I
í I
í I
í I
DISFLAT

It is desired that the 'ijsplays be lighted from above, and have

the vi'^v/in'^ area kept in a subdued li^ht, The l.V'htin,.;^ of the tanks
and the viev.nn. area may be either v/ith natural or artificial li'-ht,

I'li-:? inhabitaaits of the vM.r.i ous display .^^reas v;ill be fed at a regular
ti'ae every day; therefore, it v/ill be necessary to provide.a place
for distribution of the food, i.e., nsin^^ a cart or having a pre-
paration are-^ near each display area.

r^/ery six months the displays e.ve to be e'-^-otied of the inhabitants

and watf^r, and are ^leaned. The old water is sold to G-reen Li^Mt
^ursery Supply, The company will supply the tank trcrc^'.s into v/liich
thf^ old v/ater is dr^^red, The equipraent used in the operation is
5^-0" X 3*-6" X 'i'-O" and should be located in the sarae area as the
water chiller and cir'^^i-'lator (anproximately a 300 square foot area,
v/ith a 14'-o" ceil.'nr rainimum), Por corvonience it is desired that
no display be less than 500 gallons capacity,

The aforementioned cnil.ier would be needed to regulate the temperature

in the cold water displavf!. The warraer temppratured displays will
need to be maint^LÍued either with individual heaters, or v/ith the
heating used elsewhere vâ thin the complex (both the Shedd Aquarium
in Ghicago, Illinois, and the Dallas Aquarium in Dallas, Texas, use
this method in that the buildjn^'s central heating heats the .Usplays
also).

As there is a desire to display salt v/ater fish in the aquarium a

special iiachine v/ill need to be provided for. This special equipment

^
is called a circulator, and it is made up of two separate macUines.
One ot' these rachines is a pump '/hich is 6^-0^^ x 6*-0" x 8'-0", and
the other is an air •:'f t machine, which fits either apart from the
pump or atop it, and is 6»-0" x 6*-('" x 4-'-"". These nachines are "
occaslonally v/or'-ed on but once in place v/ill never be moved, i,e,,
the entire 6'-0" x 6'-0" x 8*-o" mass will never be removed intact,

£nch display will be provified one smal (3'-0" :: l'-6" x 2'-0")

filter o-^r 500 gallons of uispiay nr"^.. Also space for four -ravel
filters (20» - " x 40*-o^" x i'-o") is to be orovided within the area.
These ar to be apart iroi:, the display viewing area.

All pipin^ in the aquariuo will *e PGV pipe with cut off valves
every fifty feet, No metal will be exposed to or coie in contact
with the salt water, and onl,/ stainless steel may be used in or around
the fresh water displays,

PRIVATr. A.í.SA
There síiould be room around the displays to •w'ork on them. The p^inimiir:
corridor around e-'^ii display should be 4-*-0", Also, trafi.ic should
be able to travel by one display being worked on v/ith no diificulty,
so a pathway if needed nhould be about 3*-0" wide. This v/ill be used
for tours as we"'! as for movinc supplies, etc.

The food preparation area(s) \;ill need a double sink, a choppin^;

block, 8'-0" of count'T space 4'- " deep, stora/? for lar^e l^nives,
a sharpener, and sone tyne of disposal system.

rx}^Zi.i71UG ÅIW 3HIPPIi:5

Supplies will be delivered on a re,;alar schedule and to a central

area. This axea is desired to be in a location which will not conflict
 with the pixblic as they viev/ the displays. This central area will
also be where foocl is delivered. Fresh food will arrive in ice
barrels once a week and is kept in cold storage until used. The
dry food arrives twice a raonth. The cold stora,2:e vault needs to
be easily accessible to the preparation area, and approximately 24-0
square feet, The area needed for dry food is approximately the
sarae.

Pish deliveries and shipping will happen rarely after the aquarium
has been open av/hile. Seldom will aquatic life over 1'-0" arrive
at the aquarium after its orening, and these arrivals are known
well in advance (six months to a year beforehand).

Fish emulsion will be delivered twice a year. The area needed for
the transfer of the water to the tanl: should be well away from the
center of the complex. The trucks used will be approxircately forty
'•i

feet long.

STORAGE
There will need to be 600 square feet of storage for the chemicals
needed to coudition the water. This v/ill also be used for storaae
of extra parts for the filters.

The materials used in cleaning out the tanks will be replaced as

needed and are to be kept in an area of no more than 200 square feet,
The items include the following:
Hoist v/ith canvas sling 1
Various sized nets •''1-
V/a<"i i n g b o o t s "> p a i r
2" W a t e r h o s e s 4
Short-handled shovels 6
Scrubber brooms 6
Also a eeneral tool box will be kept in this area.

ii
 ADMINISTRATIQN

Provisions should be raade for a miniraura administration staff of

three. They are the director, the curator and the secretary,

The director and curator have jobs which reouire their offices be
located at places v/hich will allow naximuj.i privacy from time-consuming
conversation with casual aquariizm visitors, They need access to
both the display area and the private areas, A sraall laboratory
area v/ith storarre is desired. Storage for books, a desk and chair,
and seating for four are needed for each.

The secretary's job requires a desk and chair, a phone, and a type-
',/riter. Also, this employee greets the public, and answers any
questions they raay have concerning the aquarium. The location should
correspond to traffic flov/ from. the main entrance.

N W E E R 0? i] CPLQY5^]o ArD TITL5S

Director 1
Curator 1
Secretary 1
Fresh Water Keepers ...3
Salt V/ater Keepers ....2
Tropical Water
Keepers 2
Part-Tiy.ie 2
'íi'
lî^
Janitor ..1
TOTAL 15
Eraployees v/ill be provided dining facilities and lounge areas
elsewhere in the complex. It is possible to make the toilet
facilities for the public serve the staff also. 'i-'his is left
up to the designer.
"1 ^
A, Information
^-

THE C TY

Lubbock, Texas, is among the fastest growing metropolitan areas

in the United States, In Texas, among the large cities, only
Houston is growing at a -reater percentage, and that is only .2/j.
Considering the recreational facilities in the vicinity of Lubbock,
it is reasonable to anticipate an attendance in excess of two million
to the Canyon Lakes. The validity oi this statement can be measured
in some degree by coararin'; the past usage of the Buffalo Springs
Lake, v/hich served an estimated 600,000 during the 1967 season.

One of the most prominent features of the Lubbock area is the Yel ow
House Canyon, which has been formed by the waters of the Yellov; House
Draw and the Double r-ountain Fork of the Brazos River where they flow
through the northeast corner of the city. Although relatively shallow
at the north edge of town, the canyon deepens perceptibly v/ith dis-
tance dovmstream, so that the bed is approximately 60 feet belov/
the surroundin^ plains at the east crossin,; of Loop 289. The canyon
floor is inraostplaces lonimproved, and at some points within the
city limits a dump ground for all types of refuse.

1] 3TO:ÍY

In earlier times the Yellow House Canyon of the Brazos River v/as a
gatherin-^ place for the inhabitants of what has recently become knov/n
as the Southern Ilirh Plains of Texas, The canyon was place to find
clear, flov/ing waters and shelter from the v/inds. V/ith the decline
in the use of the canyon as an accessv/ay from the lower, rolling
plains to the east onto the 'ii£:;h plains area, v/ith the discovery ol'
r
underground water and the invention of a siriple wind-powered means
bringing it to the surface, and u-ith the change in use of the area
to flatland farming, the canyon has assumed a negative ina::;e in
the inhabitants' thoughts.
 B. Glimatolo"ical Data

ÃJÂAJJÂA^
^w

OENERAL STA EMB^'T

Lubbock, Texas, is located on the hi,'_:h, level plains of V/est Texas.

The elevation of the city is arnroxir-ntely 3243 í'eet above sea level, '
and its latitude and lor.^itude are 33 degrees 35 minutes North by
101 degrees 51 minutes Víest. The climate of the area is serai-arid,
transitional between the desert to the west and the hiomid cli-.ate
to the east and southeast. Summers in the area are hot, but the
temperature seldora rises above 98 degrees. The v/inters, although
cold, seldom have temperatures below 25 degrees. There is little
rainfall in the area, so the vegetation in the area needs some type
of irrigation to keep it '^rov/ine:. There are occasional periods of
brisk v/inds, v.iiich sometiuies reach 40 raph or more, During the
f sprin'-':, dust accompanies the winrl, This is due to the fact that

the area surrounding the city is agriculture oriented and the fields
are left fallov/ in the spriii". The terrain is relatively flat v/ith
very few breaks, and no geographical barriers to mention.

CL UTOLOG CAL DATA

Normal annual precipitation 17.6? inches
I- axinnja precipitation occurs during the months of iay, June and July.
Ka>:iirium within 24 hours 5.14 inches
Kaximum within one month 7.87 inches
Snowfall is general y light and gone v/ithin a short time.
Between 0.00 inches and 24.00 inches fall an_nually.
.aximum v/ithin one month 16.8 inches
I'íaximum within 24 hours 8.00 inches
The relative hiimi dity averages 33^^ to 735^ monthly.
The average annual temperature is 60,2 degrees,
The monthly temperatures range from 38 degrees to 84 degrees (average),
The warraest months are Jirne, July and Au'^ust.
The averar:e daily temperature for July is 92 degrees.
The record hi-li is 107 de-rees.
 The coldest m.onths are December and January.
The norraal daily minimum for January is 25.4 degrees.
The record lov\r is -16 degrees.
The average wind speed is ,15 mph.
The prevailing winds are frora the south, ranging from WSW, SW, S,
Strong continuous v/inds occur relatively often in the spring, v/ith
30 mph or above occurrinc- for short periods of time,
There are frequent tomado sightings v/ithin the Lubbock vicinity
(three to four annually),
The average number of days v/ith sunshine per year are 292.
Snov/ and/or ice are three.
Thunderstorms are forty-five.
Heavy fog are sixteen.

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MISC
l ISCiáLLArøOUS

KK RAi^CS

It i3 (lesired that the exterior entrance to the aquaritmi be

landscaped, The neohods (tr'-es, vegetation, earth, sculnts) are
left up to the desi^ncr.

A formal entry to the anuarium shou d be nrovided. Covera^e js

desired to •orotect snf^ctators fro!.> inclement v/eather.

Tais area '.S'LII usually be a ^tonpin'^ oif or rent'.n:: p'.pce, Usually

no mor'^ than ten or twe ve r'eo;^ie, and for no more than tv/enty ninutes.

LKCr'uRE AREA
Provide an area for inslnction v.'itli seatin^ lor twenty-iive. This

area will be used for leotures, slides, etc. t is desired that

th-is area be accessible to the d-i splay area, but havii-ir a separate

entry way also.

CIRCULAT O:'
?roro the entr,i,ice t o the aquar^'iun, t h e pu')lic should be allo\/erl t o
s t r o l l about l..<- a r e a viewln.;: /nichever dis-^lay they \.i3h t o view.
However, t h e r e w i l l be t i oes t h a t i t is necessary for snectators
t o follov/ R pr- -'v-terinined í^nite t h r o n - h bhe disr^lays, i . e . , tours.

T-o.'. anywhere i n t h e aquar^'um t h e s p ' - c t a t o r should be a b l e to reopjve

i n f o r m a t i o n about t h e e x h i b i t beiivj viewed. This inforraai.ion r.iay

be visual or audito'-^^. Also, the aquarium will dir:;piay fish \/hich
make noisec, i.e., grunts, rroa;i3, squeaks, snores, purrs, \/]iistles,
o-r^iroming, humming, crov/Iin;: and hiss i-, and it is desired that the
public be allov/ed to hear these noises when desired.

SEOUiUTY

Security from vandalism is an importvTt factor when desi^^jiin:;; the

aquarii . Pour i.'^ortant security measures are:

1. Modern cylindpr-type dead bolt locks on all exterior doors.

2. A silent-tyre ;;nr'jlnr;' alnrî.i system,
3. AIl eotryways \/eII li r'ted.
4. Locks on the supply r- torage areas.

The most serious proUlem is that of the public tapping on the display
glass. This p:^'^blera is tv/ofold. One, it scares the fish, and scared
fish ^^^'- liiroly to oo^'ir.-it suioide by dashing into the sides of the
aquarium or :}^\r^inf^ out of the tan^- altogether. The second reason
is that there is on1y a one iac'i, tv/o at the most, sheet of nlate
2:Iass between the vie\/er and the 500 or more gallons of water in the
display. Currently signs and handrailo are used.

The Boaro oi Directors for the anuarium \'ill handle all of the
finances. The architect will deal -lirectly with thera at raeetings
scnoclin.ed for the second Tuesday in each raonth. The Directors are
to u*^ selected by the City of Lubbool:'s Parks and Recreation Departraent,

RETEUUE A:"D G0JT3

The aquariums' '-la.ior source of revenue is t"uroiv"h the sale of fish
ermlsion to the Green Light Nurserv Su^ply Gompany of San Antonio,
 Texas, Another source of income which may be used is an admission
fee, although it is hoped that such a fee v/ill not be necessary.

The expenses faced by the aquaritun are as follows:

1. Pish food.
2. Operation, salaries, supplies, maintenance and repairs.
3. Insurance and utilities.

The sale of the fish emulsion is to Ue handled by the Directors in

a contract to G-reen Light. The aquariuni is to deliver, in trucks
provided by the nursery, fifty thousand gallons of fish eraulsion
tv/ice a year.

liiíi
ZOI^'IUG Ar D GOD:ÍÍ>S
 SECTION 14-A. 1 SPECIFIC USE PERMITS

Upon application for a z-one change, the Planning and Zoning

ommission may recommend a zone change or a SPECIFIC USE
ÍERMIT ZONE CHANGE,

I4-A. 1 SPECIFIC USE PERMITS:

The City Council may, after public hearing and proper notice
I after recommendation from the Planning and Zoning Commission
containing such requirements and safeguards as are necessary to
protect adjoining property, authorize the location of any of the
following uses in the specified districts. The application shall be
accompanied by four (4) copies of a site plan. The plan and analysis
information shall be on a single sheet; additional sheets may be used
for details and perspective views.

The site plan shall be a line drawing clearly describing

the project, and shall include adequa-te labeling and dimensioning of
all fundamental features of the project. An appropriate title shall
identify the project and ita nature and the title shall include the
legal description of the property together with north point and date,
and shall be drawn to engineer scale.

:!fr Typical features which shall be included are: property lines;

rights-of-way for streets, alleys, and easements; ordinanced building
lines; building setback lines; curb lines; parkways, sidewalks; drive-
way openings; building and/or structures; open space ; the number and
size of parking spaces; street; street names; section lines; building
heights in feet and &tories; size and height of signs; garbage coUection
facilities including necessary easements; service areas; visual
screening; and landscaping.

The site plan shall be submitted at the time the application

for zone change is made. If a site plan is conditiona ly approved by
the Planning and Zoning Commission a corrected site plan shall be
filed with the Zoning AdmixLÍstrator not less than ten (10) days after
the Commission's action.

I4-A. 1-1 Any use or public building to be erected or used

by the City, County, State or Federal Government
in any district.

14-A. 1-2 Private schoois, kindergartens . and nurseries

teaching the same subjects as public elementary
and high schools in any district.

91
14-A.1-3 I n s t i t u t i o n s of an e d u c a t i o n a l . p h i l a n t h r o p i c , o r
r e l i g i o u s n a t u r e (but not including c h u r c h e s ) in
any d i s t r i c t .

14-A.1-4 Radio B r o a d c a s t i n g t o w e r s and s t a t i o n s , t e l e v i s i o n

t o w e r s , and t e l e v i s i o n t r a n s m i t t i n g s t a t i o n s in a n y
district.

14-A.1-5 Any i n s t a l l a t i o n of a public utility, e i t h e r

p r i v a t e l y of publicly o w n e d . i n any d i s t r i c t
(but not including offices).

14-A,l-6 C o m m e r c i a l P r i v a t e C l u b s , o r T e e n a g e Clubs
in the " C - 3 " D i s t r i c t or on a site of t h r e e (3)
a c r e s or m o r e , at the t i m e of a p p l i c a t i o n , in
any d i s t r i c t .

1 4 - A . 1-7 H o s p i t a l s on a s i t e of five a c r e s o r m o r e in
any d i s t r i c t .

14-A.1-8 Shopping c e n t e r s or r e l a t e d c o m m e r c i a l d e v e l o p -
m e n t s on a site of t h r e e (3) a c r e s or m o r e , at
the t i m e of a p p l i c a t i o n , in any d i s t r i c t .

14-A.1-9 P r i v a t e a p a r t m e n t o r Row EKvelling o r T o w n h o u s e

p r o j e c t s on a s i t e of two and one-half (2^) a c r e s
o r m o r e , at the t i m e of a p p l i c a t i o n , in any
d i s t r i c t . Row Dwelling o r Townhouse p r o j e c t s
s h a l l be p l a t t e d d e s i g n a t i n g individual lots and
common ownership a r e a s . E a c h lot shaU h a v e
d i r e c t a c c e s s to a d e d i c a t e d a l l e y or e a s e m e n t
with a m i n i m u m twenty (20) foot w i d t h .

14-A.l-lO P r o f e s s i o n a l Type Offices, the use of w h i c h does

not involve o n - p r e m i s e s m a n u f a c t u r e , r e p a i r , s a l e ,
s t o r a g e o r d i s p l a y of goods, c o m m o d i t i e s o r
t a n g i b l e s e r v i c e s in any " R - 3 " . " A - 2 " o r "AM"
Districts.

14-A.l-ll P u b l i c S t a b l e s or riding a c a d e m i e s on a site of

ten (10) a c r e s or m o r e at the t i m e of a p p l i c a t i o n ,
in any d i s t r i c t .

14_A.1-12 G r e e n h o u s e or plant n u r s e r i e s on a site of t h r e e

(3) a c r e s or m o r e at the t i m e of a p p l i c a t i o n , in
any d i s t r i c t .

92
14-A.1-13 M o t e l s a n d r e l a t e d u s e s of a site of five (5)
a c r e s o r m o r e , at the t i m e of a p p l i c a t i o n , in
any d i s t r i c t .

14-A.1-14 T h e foUowing u s e in o r d i n a n c e d lake a r e a s in

any d i s t r i c t :

14-A.1-14-1 P u b l i c and p r i v a t e r e c r e a t i o n
facilities.
1 4 - A . 1-14-2 C i r c u s , c a r n i v a l , and s i m i l a r t r a n s i e n t
amusement enterprises.
14-A. 1-14-3 G e n e r a l f a r m i n g , but not including
the r a i s i n g of l i v e s t o c k .
14-A.l-r4-4 Parking areas.
1 4 - A . 1-14-5 O u t d o o r rifle o r s k e e t - shooting r a n g e s .
1 4 - A . 1-14-6 Riding a c a d e m i e s and s t a b l e s when
the floor level of the s t a b l e s is above
flood l e v e l .

14-A.1-15 D o r m i t o r y p r o j e c t s in any d i s t r i c t subject to the

foUowing r e q u i r e m e n t s and c o n d i t i o n s :

1 4 - A . 1-15-1 Lot Width. The m i n i m u m lot w i d t h

for d o r m i t o r i e s s h a l l be one h u n d r e d
(100) feet.
1 4 - A , 1-15-2 Lot A r e a . The m i n i m u m lot a r e a for
d o r m i t o r i e s shall be t e n t h o u s a n d
(10, 000) s q u a r e feet.
14-A. 1-15-3 F l o o r A r e a . The t o t a l g r o s s floor a r e a
s h a l l not e x c e e d t h r e e (3) t i m e s the
total a r e a of the p r o p e r t y or p r o p e r t -
ies u s e d for the c o m p l e t e d e v e l o p m e n t .
In c a l c u l a t i n g the g r o s s floor a r e a the
a r e a d e s i g n e d for r e s i d e n t i a l p u r p o s e s ,
including i n t e r i o r b a l c o n i e s , m e z z a n i n e s ,
lobbies, halls, c o r r i d o r s , stair wells
and e l e v a t o r shafts s e r v i n g such a r e a s ,
s h a l l be included; open e x t e r i o r b a l c o n -
i e s , t e r r a c e s , p o r c h e s . e n c l o s e d off-
s t r e e t parking spaces, mechanical
e q u i p m e n t r o o m s , l o u n g e s , dining h a l l s ,
recreation rooms, or similar a c c e s s o r y
u s e s a v a i l a b l e to all o c c u p a n t s need
not be included.

1 4 - A . 1-15-4 D e n s i t y . The d e s i g n e d c a p a c i t y of any

d o r m i t o r y s h a l l not e x c e e d one p e r s o n f o r

93
 e a c h fifty (50) s q u a r e feet of lot
a r e a , including the d o r m i t o r y s i t e
as well as off-street parking a r e a .

14-A. 1-15-5 U s e a b l e Open Space for D o r m i t o r i e s .

U s e a b l e open s p a c e s for d o r m i t o r i e s
s h a l l be ground o r roof a r e a , open
and u n o b s t r u c t e d to the s k y e x c e p t a s
p r o v i c e d below, w h i c h shall be d e s i g n e d
for and devoted to l a n d s c a p i n g , g r e e n
a r e a s , and r e c r e a t i o n .

l4-A.l-l5-5a The a r e a of such u s e a b l e open

s p a c e s h a l l be e q u a l to five (5)
p e r cent of the g r o s s floor a r e a a s
e s t a b l i s h e d in Section 1 4 - A . ' 1 - 1 5 - 3 .

l4-A.l-l5-5b Such open space m a y be in one

o r m o r e a r e a s but s h a l l be of such
s i z e and s h a o e a s to afford r e a s o n -
able use by the o c c u p a n t s and no
d i m e n s i o n shall be l e s s than
twenty (20) feet.

4-A.l-l5-5c No p o r t i o n of s u c h r e q u i r e d u s e -
able open space shall be u s e d for
off-street parking, vehicular
d r i v e s , or loading a r e a s .

14_A, l - l 5 - 5 d Any roof a r e a to be c o n s i d e r e d

as u s e a b l e open s p a c e s h a l l be
suitably surfaced, adequately
p r o t e c t e d , and free of a n y
obstructions.

l4_A.l-l5-5e F o r the p u r p o s e o£ affecting

r e a s o n a b l e s h e l t e r , up to
twenty-five (25) p e r cent of such
u s e a b l e space m a y be roofed and
in such i n s t a n c e not m o r e than
fifty (50) p e r cent of the roofed
s e c t i o n m a y be e n c l o s e d p r o v i d e d
such e n c l o s u r e does not affect
m o r e than t h r e e s i d e s of any
structure.

14-A. 1-15-6 Off-Street P a r k i n g . Off-street parking

f a c i l i t i e s for the benefit of d o r m i t o r y

94
 r e s i d e n t s s h a l l be p r o v i d e d and
p e r p e t u a l l y m a i n t a i n e d on the foUow -
ing b a s i s :

(a) One s p a c e for e a c h two m e n s t u d e n t s

and one s p a c e for e a c h four w o m e n
s t u d e n t s for whom the d o r m i t o r y
f a c i l i t i e s a r e d e s i g n e d p l u s one
a d d i t i o n a l s p a c e for e a c h t h r e e
e m p l o y e e s plus one a d d i t i o n a l
s p a c e for e a c h a p a r t m e n t unit.

(b) O f f - s t r e e t p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s m a y
be l o c a t e d as foUows:

(1) On the d o r m i t o r y s i t e , o r ,

(2) On a s e p a r a t e t r a c t or p a r c e l
o f l a n d the n e a r e s t p r o p e r t y
line of which is within 300
feet of the d o r m i t o r y s i t e .
In the event any of the r e q u i r e d
off-street parking facilities a r e
not l o c a t e d on the d o r m i t o r y
s i t e such p a r k i n g a r e a s h a l l not
be s e p a r a t e d f r o m the d o r m i t o r y
s i t e by a s t r e e t d e s i g n a t e d a s a
c o l l e c t o r s t r e e t , d e s i g n a t e d as
a one way or a t h o r o u g h f a r e .

14-A, l - 1 5 - 6 a O f f - s t r e e t p a r k i n g a r e a s s h a l l be
checked and a p p r o v e d as to
n u m b e r of s p a c e s , a c c e s s , and
i n g r e s s and e g r e s s by the City
Traffic E n g i n e e r u n d e r the t e r m s
of this d i s t r i c t and the C i t y ' s
driveway regulations.

14-A. 1-16 S a n i t a r i u m on a s i t e of ten (10) a c r e s o r m o r e ,

at the t i m e of a p p l i c a t i o n , in any d i s t r i c t .

1 4 - A . 1-17 H o s p i t a l or Clinic for the m e d i c a l and s u r g i c a l

t r e a t m e n t of s m a l l a n i m a l s such as d o g s , c a t s ,
b i r d s , and the like in any " C - 2 A " o r l e s s r e s t r i c t e d
zoning d i s t r i c t . Such H o s p i t a l s o r Clinic and any
t r e a t m e n t r o o m s , c a g e s , pens o r k e n n e l s s h a l l be
m a i n t a i n e d within a c o m p l e t e l y e n c l o s e d , s o u n d -
proof building and o p e r a t e d in such a way as to
p r o d u c e no o b j e c t i o n a b l e o d o r s o u t s i d e its w a l l s .
Kennel u s e s h a l l be l i m i t e d to s h o r t t i m e b o a r d i n g
and shall only be i n c i d e n t a l to such h o s p i t a l or

95
 1. Sct b a c k a m i n l m u m of 25 fcol f r o m thc
fronling s t r c e t ,

2. A s c r c o n i n g fence a s d c s c r i b c d a b o v e s h a l l
bc c o n í î i r u c t c d on thc s i d c s and r c a r of s u c h
display a r c a .

3. i he lotal a r c a to be u s e d for d i s p l a y s h a l l
not c x c e c d 5 p e r c c n t of the t o t a l d e v c l o p m c n t
lot a r o a .

4. D i s p l a y of p a r t s a n d / o r u s c d c a r s w h i c h a r c
for r c s a l c m a y b e dis].layed in this a r e a . Said
u s c d c a r s m u s t be c o m p l c t c with no p a r t s r e -
m o v c d a .;l no m o r e than five (5) u s e d c a r s
m a y be d i s p l a y c d .

c. No i t c m of j u n k , s a l v a g e o r o t h c r m e r c h a n d i s e
s h a l l b e s t a c k e d o r p c r m i t t c d to be s t a c k e d o r
s t o r c d in e x c e s s of the h e i g h t of thc e n c l o s i n g
f c n c c o r w a l l n o r n e a r e r t h a n two (2) feet t h c r e t o
e x c o p t that w r c c k e d v c h i c l e s m a y b e s t a c k c d two
(2) h i g h p r o v i d e d s a i d vehicl-. s a r e s t a c k c d a
m i n i m u m of 75 fcet f r o m any p r o p e r t y l i n e .

' i l !•
d. Such j u n k , s a l v a g c or o t h e r m c r c h a n d i s e on the
p r c m i s e s s h a l l b e a r r a n g c d to p r o v i d c r e a s o n a b l e
i n s p c c t i o n of, or a c c e s s to a l l p a r t s of the p r c m i s e s ,

e. AU p r o p o 'd s i g n s a n d / o r a d v c r t i s i n g d i s p l a y s be
d e t a i l e d o:i thc s i t e plan w h i c h is to bc s u b m i t t c d
in a c c o r d a n c e with S c c t i o n 1 4 - A . 1 of the Z o n i n g
Ordinance.

f. Any d r a i n a g e r e q u i r e m e n t s , a s r e q u i r e d by the City

E n g i n e e r i n g D e p a r t m c n t , s h a l l be m e t .

g. T h a t a l l s u c h p r o m i s c s be open for i n s p c c t i o n to,

and m e c t the r c q u i r c m c n t s of thc C i t y ' s F i r e .
P o l i c c , H o a l t h and Buildin;^ a u t h o r i t i e s .

h. No a d v c r t i s i n g s h a l l bc p c r m i t t e d on s c r e c n i n g
fcnccs.

96-B
 j. S t o r a | ; r , T h c a r c a u a d o r Ihc m o b i l c l i o m c
filiall iu)t bc uflííd for .ntorar.c .of a n y k i n d . S a i d
arc.-i r-hall bo c o m p U ' t c l y c n c l o s c d witli tlic o a n i o
m a t e r i a U i aí; u s c d for c x t c r i o r s i d i n g on llic
m o b i l c h ^:nc.

k, A c c c s s o r y B u i l d i n g s . AU a c c c s s o r y b u i î d i n g s
a n d / o r s l r u c t u r o s s h a l i c o n f o r m lo tho B u i l d -
ing Codc of tlic City of L u b b o c k and S c c t i o n l 6
of t h c Zonin«^; O r d i n a n c c of thc C i t y of L u b b o c k .

1, C u r b s , C u t t c r s and S Í d c w a l k s . C u r b s , g u t t c r s
a n d s i d c w a l k s s h a l l c o n f o r m to C h a p t c r 28 of
thc Building Codc.

m. A l l u t i l i t i c s s h a l l bc l o c a t e d u n d c r g r o u n d and
e h a l l c o m p l y w i t h City of L u b b o c k Codc of
Ordinances,

n, T h c plat titlc shall indicatc that thc subdivision

i s a " M o b i l c I l o m c S u b d i v i s i o n " , and that t h c
p r i n i a r y s t r u c t u r c s h a l l bc a m o b i l e h o m e .

o. A U m o b i l c h o m c s p l a c o d w l t h i n tlic " M o b i l c
H o m c S u b d i v i s i o n " s h a l l c o : iply with all t h e
E t a n d a r d s c s t a b l i s h c d by thc M o b i l c H o m c
C o d e of the City of L u b b o c k .

1 4 - A . 1-21 Junk y a r d s , salvage yards or automobilo wrecking

yards in the " M - 2 " D i s t r i c t p r o v i d e d the foUowing
conditions a r e mct;

a. O p e r a t o r m u s t hold a p e r m i t (or l i c e n s e ) i s s u e d in
a c c o r d a n c e with O r d i n a n c c No. 6337 of the City Codc
of thc City o." L u b b o c k , T c x a s .

b, Th:; a s i x (6) foot high s c r c e n i n g fcnce of w o o d e n

o r m a s o n r y c o n s t r u c t i o n o r the c q u i v a l a n t t h c r c o f
a s d' s c r i b e d on a d c t a i l c d s i t c plan a p p r o v c d by
the P l a n n i n g and Zoning C o m m i s s i o n and thc City
C o u n c i l s h a l l bc c o n s t r u c t o d o n t i r o l y s u r r o u n d i n g
thc p r o p c r t y and p c r m a n c n l y m a i n t a i n c d c x c c p t
w h o r e a pL-rmanont b u i l d i n g is o r o c t o d , Said
b u i l d i n g s h a l l c o n s t i t u t e a p o r U o n of the s c r c c n i n g
f c n c e . A d i s p l a y a r o a m a y bo p r o v i d c d a d j a c c n t
to the fronting s t r e c t p r o v i d o d tlie foUowing c o n -
ditions a r e met:

96-A
 clinic u s e . Sound t r a n s m i s s i o n l o s s s h a l l be
e q u i v a l e n t to an eight (8) inch c i n d e r block wall
fiUed with i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l .

1 4 - A . 1-18 A t h l e t i c field, P a r k , s t a d i u m , a r e n a commercial,

on a s i t e of ten (10) a c r e s o r m o r e at the t i m e of
a p p l i c a t i o n , in any d i s t r i c t .

14-A.1-19 Mobile H o m e P a r k in any zoning d i s t r i c t on a

s i t e of eight (8) a c r e s or m o r e , at the t i m e of
application, provided that the r e q u i r e m e n t s of
S e c t i o n 33 of the City Code a r e m e t .

-A. 2 In r e c o m m e n d i n g that a S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T for the p r e m i s e s

u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n be g r a n t e d , the P l a n n i n g and Zoning
C o m m i s s i o n s h a l l d e t e r m i n e that s u c h u s e s a r e h a r m o n i o u s
w i t h and a d a p t a b l e to b u i l d i n g s , s t r u c t u r e s , and u s e s of
a b u t t i n g p r o p e r t y a n d o t h e r p r o p e r t y in the v i c i n i t y of the
, p r e m i s e s u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n , and shall m a k e r e c o m m e n d a -
t i o n s a s to r e q u i r e m e n t s for the paving of s t r e e t s , a l l e y s
and s i d e w a l k s , m e a n s of i n g r e s s and e g r e s s to public s t r e e t s ,
p r o v i s i o n s for d r a i n a g e , a d e q u a t e o f f - s t r e e t p a r k i n g and p r o -
t e c t i v e s c r e e n i n g and open s p a c e .

14-A. 3 E v e r y S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T g r a n t e d u n d e r t h e s e p r o v i s i o n s
s h a l l be c o n s i d e r e d as an a m e n d m e n t to the zoning o r d i n a n c e
a s a p p l i c a b l e to s u c h p r o p e r t y under c o n s i d e r a t i o n . In
g r a n t i n g s u c h p e r m i t , the City Council m a y i m p o s e c o n d i t i o n s
w h i c h s h a l l be c o m p l i e d with by the owner or g r a n t e e b e f o r e
c e r t i f i c a t e of o c c u p a n c y m a y be i s s u e d by the Building
I n s p e c t o r for the u s e of the building on such p r o p e r t y
p u r s u a n t to s u c h ' S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T ; and such c o n d i t i o n s
s h a l l not be c o n s t r u e d as conditions p r e c e d e n t to the g r a n t i n g
of a S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T , o r the change in zoning of such
p r o p e r t y , but s h a l l be c o n s t r u e d as conditions p r e c e d e n t to
the g r a n t i n g of the c e r t i f i c a t e of o c c u p a n c y .

I'K^ 14_A.4 No S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T s h a l l be g r a n t e d u n l e s s the a p p l i c a n t ,

o w n e r and g r a n t e e of the S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T shaU in
w r i t i n g a c c e p t and a g r e e to be bound by and c o m p l y with the
t e r m s of the S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T . in s u c h f o r m a s m a y be
a p p r o v e d and p r o v i d e d by the D i r e c t o r of P l a n n i n g .

14-A 5 A b u i l d i n g p e r m i t shaU be applied for and s e c u r e d within

24 m o n t h s f r o m the t i m e of g r a n t i n g of the Specific Use P e r m i t .

14-A 6 The B o a r d of A d j u s t m e n t shall not have j u r i s d i c t i o n to h e a r .

r e v i e w , r e v e r s e , or modify any d e c i s i o n , d e t e r m i n a t i o n o r

96
mm

r u l i n g with r e s p e c t to the g r a n t i n g , e x t e n s i o n , r e v o c a t i o n ,
m o d i f i c a t i o n o r any o t h e r a c t i o n t a k e n r e l a t i n g to such
S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T S .

14-A.7 When the City Council a u t h o r i z e s g r a n t i n g of a S P E C I F I C USE

P E R M I T , the zoning m a p shall be a m e n d e d a c c o r d i n g to its
l e g e n d to i n d i c a t e that the affected a r e a h a s c o n d i t i o n s and
limited uses.

14-A.8 W h o e v e r v i o l a t e s the p r o v i s i o n of any o r d i n a n c e p e r t a i n i n g

to a S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T o r the p r o v i s i o n s of a
S P E C I F I C USE P E R M I T , shall upon conviction be fined
in any s u m not e x c e e d i n g $ 2 0 0 . 0 0 , and e a c h day of a n y
s u c h v i o l a t i o n shall c o n s t i t u t e a s e p a r a t e offense.

14-A.9 Suit for a b a t e m e n t of a n y violation m a y be filed in any c o u r t

of c o m p e t e n t j u r i s d i c t i o n in L u b b o c k County.

97
19G4 EDITION SECTIONS 701-702

CHAPTER 7—REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP B OCCUPANCIES

Sec. 7 0 1 . Group B Occupancies shall be: Group B

Occupancíes
Diviston 1. Any asscmbly builtlíiiR witli a stage and an
Defined
occupaiit load of less than 1000 in the buildiiig.
Division 2. Ain assembly building without a stagc and
having an occupant load of 300 or more in the building.
Division 3. Any iisscmbly building without a stage and
having an occupanl load of less than 300 in the building,
including such buiidings used for school purposes less than
eight hours per wcek.
Division 4. StacUums, reviewing stands, and ainusenient
park stnictures not includcd within Group A nor Divisions
1. 2. .ind 3. Group B Occupancies. Specinc and gcneral re-
quireinents for grandstands, bleachers and reviewing stands
.uc to bc found in Chapter 3 3 .
For occupancy separations see Table No. 5-B.
For o c t u p a n t load see Section 3301.
Soc. 702. ( a ) General. Buildings or parts of buildings Constructíon,
classcd in Croup B bccause of thc u.sc or cliaractcr of the Height,
occupancv sliall not excccd, in arca or height, the limits speci- and Area
fied in Scctions 505, 506. and 507. Allowable

E X C E P T I O N : Division 4 structures of open skcleton

frame t>'pc w ithout roof, cover, or enclosed usable spaces,
shull not be limited in arca or hcight.
( b ) Special Provisions. Stagcs and cnclosed platforms as
drfiiictl ín Scctions 417 and 420 shall be constructed in ac-
cordance wilh Chapter 39.
I)i\isíons 1 and 2 occupancies shall be of not lcss than
onc-honr firc-rcsistivc c-onstruction thronghout. exccpt that a
fírr-rcsistivc cciling shall not be required in one-story build-
ings of T \ p e III, IV. or V constniction having an open framc
roof. Ulvisjon 2 occupancies with an occupant load of 1000
or more shall be of T y p e I. II. or III construction.
E X C E P T I O N : Gymnasiuins whicii h.ivc not morc than
two balcoiiH-.. cach witli an occnpant load not to excccd
300, and which are not located ovcr usabie spaces, need
not h,i\c one-hour fire-resistive protcction.
Di\isií)n 3 occnpancies located in a basemcnt or above tlie
first stc.iy .shall be of not less tlian one-hour fire-rcsistive con-
striiction.
Croup B asscmbly rooms haviiig an occupant load of 1000
or inorc shall not be located in the basement.
DiMsi.in 3 occnpaiuies with an occupant load of 50 or
more, which are located over usable space. shall be separated
 SECTIONS 702-706
UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
Constructîon,
from such space by not less than one-hour fire-resistive con-
Helght, struction.
and Area
Allowable For attic space partitions and draft stops see Scction 3205.
(Continued) (c) Division 4 Provisions. Ercction and strnctural main-
tenance of structures housing Division 4 occupancies shall
conform to the requirements of this Code, and where there
are no such specific requirements. shall provide adequate
í safety for the loads to which they may be subjccted.
Structures housing Di\ision 4 occupancies, other than
those of open skcleton frame t>'pc, when more than one story
in height or four hundred square feet (400 sq. ft.) in are;i,
shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction!
When the spnce under a Di\ision 4 occupancv is uscd for
any purpose, ít shall be separated from all parts of such Divi-
sion 4 occupancy, including exits. by walls, floors, and ceil-
ings of not less than one-hour firc-resistive construction.
E X C E P T I O N : The underside of continuous steel deck
grandstands when erected outdoors need not be fire-pro-
tected when occupied for public toilets.
T h e Building Oflicial may cause all Dívision 4 structures
to be re-inspected at least once ever>' síx months.
Locatíon on Sec. 703. AII buildings housing Group B Occupancies shall
Property front directly upon or have acccss to a public street not Icss
than nventy feet (20') in width. The access to the public
street shall be a minimum twenty-foot (20') wide right-of-
way unobstructed and maintained on y as access to the public
street. T h e main entrance to the building shall be locatc^ on
the public street or on the access way.
For fire-resistive protection of exterior walls and openings,
as determined by location on property, see Section 504 and
PartV.
Exit Sec. 704. (a) General. Stairs, exits, and smokeproof en-
Facilitles closures shall be provided as specified in Chapter 33. (See
also Section 3316.)
(b) Amusement Structures. Stairs and cxits for Division 4
amuscment structurcs shall be provided as specificd in Chap-
ter 33, subject to the approval of the Building Official. Exit
signs shall be installcd as spccificd in Section 3312 and where
required by the Building Oíficial.
Light, Sec. 705. AII portions of Group B Occupancies customarily
Ventílation, used by human beings and all dressing rooms shall be pro-
and víded with natural or artificial light, ventilation. and sanitary
Sanitatíon facilities as specificd in Sections 605 and 1711.
Enclosure Scc. 706. Exits shall bc cnclosetl as spccifîed in Chapter
of VertJcal 33, (Ft>r specific rcquirements sce Scction 3316.)
Openings Elcvator shafts, vcnt shafts. and otlier vcrtical opcmngs
shall be enclosed, and the encbsure shall be as set forth in
Tablc No. 17-A. (Sce also Chaptcr 30.)
1964 EDITION SECTIONS 707-709

Sec. 707. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, standpipes, Fire-

and basement pipc inlets shall be installed as specified in Ejrtinguishing
C h a p t c r 38. Systems

Scc. 708. Chimncys and hcating apparatus shall conform Special

to the requircments of Chapters 37 and 5 1 . Hazards
Motion piclure machine booths shall confonm to the re-
quircmt'nts of Ch.iptcr 40.
Prosccnium curtains shall conform to the requirements set
forth in U.B C. Standard No. 6-1-&1.
Flammable hquíds shall not be placed or stored in a
C r o u p B Occupancy.
Each building shall be providcd with an approved outside
gas shutoff \ a l v c conspicuously markcd.
AII cxtrnor openings in a boilcr room or ri >ms containing
central hcating equipment if locatcd below openings in an-
otlier stor>' or if less than ten feet (lO') from other doors or
window s of the samc building shall be protected by a fire
asscmbly havmg a thrce-fourths-hour fire-resistive rating.
Such fire assemblics shall bc fixed, automatic, or self-closing.
Everv room contaíning a boiler or a central heating pliuit
which burns liquid or solid fuel shall be separated from the
rcst of tlic building by a Threc-Hour Fire-Resistive Occu-
p.inc\ Scp.iration as dcfintxl Ín Chaptcr 5 with all openings
priitt-ctctl as sct fortli in Table No 33-B.
Evcrv' rt>om cont.iining a boilcr or a central hcating plant
whích bunis gas as fuel shall be separated from the rest of
t h r building by not lcss than a One-Hour Fire-Resistive
Occupancy Separattoii, as defined in Chapter 5, with all open-
ings pri.h-cted as sct forth in Table No. 33-B.
E.VCEPTION: \Micre boilers or central heating plants
b u m i n g liquid or solid fuel arc located at grade level they
m.iy bc separatcd from ihc remaindcr of the building by a
OIM'-HMII Firc-RcMstivr Occupancy Scpar.ition as dcfincd
in C:h.iptcr " with all opcnínfí.s protectcd by a firc asscmbly
h.i\ nig A onc-honr firc-rcsistivu rating. mounted within thc
boilci room and having closing deviccs as set forth in
T.ibir No. 33-B.

Scc. 709. Cyinnas imis and simiKir occupancies may havc Exceptions
running tracks constructcd of wood or unprotccted steel or índ
iron. Deviations
In ^\mnasiums and in multi-puri ose schoolrooms havitií
an arc.i not grcatcr than thirty-two hundred square feet
(32(11) s(i. ft.y, onc-inch (1") nominal tiglit tonguc-and-
groovcd or thrcc-fourths-inch (^i") plywood wall cover ng
mav be usetl on thc inner sidc in lieu of fire-resistive plastcr.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

APPEIVIDIX
 0PERAT 0|)P'0F A PUEL C AQUAR UM

I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o genei>álize a b o u t such a b r o a d s u b j e c t as t h e eq.uipmentj

m a i n t e n a n c e , et,^_^^JJat^ p u b l i c aquarium as t h e r e i s so much v a r i a t i o n i n
t h e s i z e a n d ^ c o p e of such i n s t a l l a t i o n s .

A p u b l i c aquariimi can be l i m i t e d t o f r e s h w a t e r f i s h , b u t many i n c l u d e b o t h

f r e s h w a t e r and m a r i n e e x h i b i t s . Some a r e l i m i t e d t o f i s h ; o t h e r s i n c l u d e
a d d i t i o n a l forms of a q u a t i c l i f e such as t u r t l e s , p o r p o i s e s , s e a l s , w h a l e s ,
p e n g u i n s , a q u a t i c i n v e r t e b r a t e s , e t c . A l l p l a n n i n g , i n c l u d i n g t h e number
and t r a i n i n g of t h e p e r s o n n e l , would t h u s be v e r y v a r i a b l e .

The l o c a t i o n of t h e aquarium i n i t s e l f may pose s p e c i f i c p r o b l e m s . I f one

i s l o c a t e d n e a r t h e s e a , t h e m a t t e r of w a t e r s u p p l y f o r marine e x h i b i t s i s f a r
s i m p l e r t h a n i t i s f o r an i n l a n d a q u a r i u m , I n F l o r i d a ' s M a r i n e l a n d a q u a r i u m ,
f o r e x a m p l e . t h e r e i s a c i r c u l a t i o n of 5 m i l l i o n g a l l o n s of w a t e r e v e r y 2k
h o u r s ; s i n c e t h i s i s i n an o c e a n - f r o n t s e t t i n g , t h e t e c h n o l o g y i s n o t n e a r l y
a s d i f f i c u l t o r e x p e n s i v e as i t would be i f s e a w a t e r had t o be t r a n s p o r t e d
or prepared s y n t h e t i c a l l y .

The Shedd Aquarium i n Chica'^o i s one of the l a r g e s t , and was e s t a b l i s h e d i n

I92U w i t h an i n i t i a l endowment of $ 3 - 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 - Over t h e y e a r s t h i s i n s t i t u t i o n
h a s o p e r a t e d i t s own c o l l e c t i n g e x p e d i t i o n s , w i t h equipment which h a s i n -
c l u d e d a c u s t o m - b u i l t r a i l r o a d c a r t o t a k e a s p e c i a l l y - t r a i n e d group t o c o a s t a l
a r e a s and b a c k t o Chicago w i t h t h e i r s p e c i m e n s . Other s p e c i a l i z e d equipment
h a s been u s e d f o r t r i p s t o o f f - s h o r e i s l a n d s . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h i s does
n o t r u l e o u t t h e s u c c e s s f u l o p e r a t i o n of a s m a l l p u b l i c aquarium w i t h specimens
p u r c h a s e d from t h e l a r g e r i n s t i t u t i o n s o r from p r i v a t e c o l l e c t o r s . S i z e and
l a r g e amounts of money a r e n o t , of c o u r s e , g u a r a n t e e s of s u c c e s s . The aquarium
s t a f f s h o u l d i n c l u d e a good a d m i n i s t r a t o r i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s c i e n t i f i c a l l y
trained personnel.

Background i n f o r m a t i o n i s e n c l o s e d , i n a d d i t i o n t o which we s u g g e s t t h a t you

w r i t e t o the following s o u r c e :

/ j n e r i c a n A s s o c i a t i o n of Z o o l o g i c a l P a r k s and Aquariums
O.Tlelay Park
WheelLnrr, West V i r g i n i a 26003

T h i s A s s o c i a t i o n i n c l u d e s a Zoo and Aquarium A c c r e d i t a t i o n Committee which

s h o u l d be a b l e t o p r o v i d e you w i t h d e t a i l s as t o t h e s t a n d a r d s t h e y r e q u i r e
f o r d i f f e r e n t s i z e s and t y p e s o f p u b l i c a q u a r i u m s .

DF:lm
E n c . E n c y c l o p e d i a Americana, 2:132-3
 boW coá^iHlô
•^'^:il^<r^
ii..,&

June 27, 1975

Mr, Edward N . Lewis, III

4005 21st Street
Lubbock, TX 79410

Dear M r , L e w i s :

Many thanks for your letter and your i n t e r e s t in building large

a q u a r i u m s for your d e g r e e ,

I*m attaching the only additionail infornaation we have concerning

a q u a r i u m s , Regarding large aquarium construction, you may want to
check a public l i b r a r y . In our booklet, "Custom Build Your Own
Aquarium", I would like to point out on page 9 the care that should
be taken in constructing l a r g e r a q u a r i u m s .

Good luck w i t h ^ u r school project.

Sincerely,

' 'k..^.!; „.:.

Phil Kench
Marketing Services Supervisor
Consumer P r o d u c t s Business

PKimks

Attachments

DOW CORNING CORPORATION. MIDLAND, MICHIGAN 4 8 6 4 0 TELEPHONE 517 636 8 0 0 0

!
A, re you looking for a new challenge,
somethíng thac will combine with your
should be cleaned with a strong salt
solution. This will help to neutralize
water chrough dacron. A hydromecer
should be purchased co check che spe-
main hobby of skin diving? Why not any toxic cement or other foreign mat- cific gravíty of the water, which should
try a marine aquarium? Recent ad- ter that may have collected in the tank. be around 1.025.
\ vances in the field of marine tropicals Soap and other commercial cleaning Although not very sacisfaccory a few
have made it easier than ever to keep materials should be avoided in washing years back, artificial saltwacer has now
saltwater fish, and perhaps it is time che tank or any aquarium accessories advanced co che scage where ic is excel-
that you traded your speargun for a because it is very easy for such cleaning lenc for marine aquariums. Many hob-
net to bring them back alive. The substances to slip into the wacer with byiscs in Souch Florida are finding it
marine hobby is wide-open for experi- disastrous results. easier to use the artificial mixes than
mentation and new discoveries. Plexiglass and fiberglass tanks can to go chrough che trouble of hauling
The first poinc I would like to get be used for saltwater aquariums, but natural seawater. There are many com-
across is that you should forget about plexiglass scratches easily and is ex- mercial brands on the market thac have
getting rich from marine fish., It is pensive, while fiberglass can be very proved chemselves efficienc over che
often written that one can collect hun- toxic if noc properly prepared. The all- years. Many formulas are offered for
dreds of doUars worth of fish in a glass tank is proving much more satis- making arcificial salcwacer, buc it is
day, implying that anyone can do so. factory than any of the other types. simpler, cheaper, and usually more de-
I have known many individuals who The size of aquarium that one choos- pendable to use a commercial mix.
have started out toward such a goal, es depends upon whac use is co be made Regular-graín silica ís the mosc de-
but most of them are now in other for che aquarium. If one wíshes co sirable sand for a marine aquarium. ThÍs
fields — and che ones who reraained matntain a communicy aquarium, a cank is superior in consistency for eicher
in the field are not dríving CadíUacs. between cwency-five and fifcy gallons subsand filters, internal box filters, or
If you keep to marine tropicals as a is besc. Smalier aquarium."; became more external water-circulating filters. Cer-
hobby you wÍII receive much more readily polluced and quickly outgrown. tain types of beach sand are satisfac-
pleasure and a sense of accomplishment It is easy to yield to the temptation of cory, but ofcen ic Ís too coarse or too
in maintaining a living colony. continually adding "jusc one more fish" fine. Too-fine sand can clog subsand
An all-glass aquarium makes the best co a small aquarium, thus creating an filters, and too-coarse sand will collect
aquarium for saltwater fish. This most over-crowded condition. Saltwater fish uneaten food and injure che fish. An
attractive all-glass aquarium is now often grow quickly co sizes chat make even greater danger in beach sand is
available commercially or it can be a 10- or 15-gaIIon aquarium much coo foreign matter such as seaweed, tar or
easiiy constructed by most hobbyists. small for chem. Then the hobbyisc is oil washed ashore, and simildr debris.
Using Dow-Corning's silicone rubber faced wich che problem of gecting rid Silica gravel is inexpensive, and short
aquarium sealer, aÍI-glass aquariums can of a fricnd or invescing Ín a larger cank. cuts should noc be taken chac might en-
be constructed in any size up to fifty gal- Smaller tanks can be used if one danger the lives of your specimens.
' lons without any metal or wood sup- wishes co confine his cankmaces to spe- Coral plays a very Ímportant place
ports, using only five pieces of glass.First
of aJl, determine what size aquarium
you would like to have and get the glass
MARINE
:
cut accordingly (it Ís best to make
your tank a standard-aquarium size so

AQUARIUMS
that subsand filters, reflectors, and oth-
er aquarium accessories will fit prop-
erly). It is now ready to assemble, first
laying the bottom piece of glass next
to perpendicular surfaces such as a Maintain a iittie bit
wall and floor. By running a line of of tiie Sea rigiit in
silicone cement the entire length of
the glass you can now piace the front your iiving room
or back side on the aquarium bottom.
Next, cement the sides on, one at a
time, by running another line of ce-
BY CRAIG BARKER
ment on the bottom and edge of the in the salcwacer aquarium, In addicion
cialty items such as seahorses, a moray
sides. Finally, add the fourth side to to making the display more attractive,
eel, baby shark, or one or two favorice
the tank, making sure to run a line of coral provides a necessary hiding place
fish. Tanks larger than fifcy gallons
cement down the inside edges of the that becomes a sheltered home for the
can become a burden on the hobbyist,
j aquarium. On tanks larger than thirfy- majority of fish inhabiting your aquar-
and should be avoided by the beginner.
' five gallons, three-inch strips may be ium. Live coral is being kepc by some
Either artificial saltwater or nacural
cemented across the top of the tank at advanced hobbyists, buc it is best for
seawater may be used by che marine
the ends and middle. These glass strips the beginner to be content with cured
hobbyist. If nacural seawater is co be
act as braces for the more cautious coral. Firsc of a l, this coral should be
used, ic should be collected in an area
hobbyist. Quarter-inch glass can be completely free of any of the polyps
that is relative y free from the dangers
used on tanks up to fifty gallons. or other inhabitants which it mighc hosc.
of man-made poilution. Ic should be
Stainless steel aquariums may also be clear, clean, and odorless. Many skin A chlorine solucion can be used to kill
used for salrwater, although they are divers who have a boac will go out in both the polyps and Ínhabitants. The
not as desirable because the metal can the ocean to insure getting water that coral should be choroughly rinsed, and
react with the saltwacer and produce is not polluted. Water should be col- then soaked in regular fresh wacer for
toxic conditions that wiU kill the fish. lected in containers that are nontoxic abouc a week. This procedure should be
The metal líps of the aquarium should (nonmecal). Containers of plastic or concinued uncil che coral is complecely
be coated wich che silicone cement to glass are best. Plastic bags may also be free of any odor — be ic of decaying mac-
prevent the saltwater from coming in used to carry water. Foreign matter cer or chlorine. This procedure could
contact with the metal. Next, the tank can be removed by straining the sea-
 drinking water. It is similar to charcoai,
MARINE AQUARIUMS which has been uscJ in aquariums for
last months before contaminate clears. ycars, but does ii berter job of gather-
There are many cypes of coral that ing condensed gases and pollutants.
are satisfactory for a marine aquarium, Thc diet of marine fishes is an im-
but it should be kept in mind that coral portant part of the hobby. While it is
should provide your fish shelter and not difficult, carc must be taken to
a place to hide from inquisitive and see thac your pecs are receiving boch
prying humans. Atlantic letcuce corai, enough to eat and the right foods. Cut-
staghorn coral, and hollowed-out pieces up shrimp, scallops, fish, and lobster
of brain coral are commonly used. Red are accepted by many species. Greens
pipe organ coral is ideal because Íc is must also be provided in the form of
easy to hollow out for a fish's home, algae, letcuce, or commercially prepared
and also is a very colorful addicion. dry foods. Dry foods come under many
Arcificially dyed coral should never be different labels. and experimentation
used in an aquarium. wiU indicate which is prefcrrcd by your
Shells have a place in a marine aquar- specimens. Frozen adult brine shrimp
ium, buc noc che prizes of your col- is eageriy eaten by most fish; however,
lection. The most satisfaccory shells are Íc should not becomc the only food
those chat have been partly broken and vth ch you feed your fish. Whcn buying
which allow for an adequate flow of frozen brine shrimp be sure that it is of
water chrough rhe entire structure of the a good quality. The complete body of
shell. A perfeccly incacc shell may still the shrimp should be visible when the
have parcs of ics original owner left Ín shrimp is thawed out in watcr. Dried
it which could very easily contaminate shrimp eggs arc availablc which hatch
the wacer. Again, the prime concern is in -iH hours when put in salt water.
co guard againsc the possibility of un- These arc particularly nourishing for
eaten bits of food collecting Ín a perfcct smallcr specimens.
shell and thus becoming a cencer foi Manne tropicals can be either col-
pollution. Prized shells are best utilized lected or bought. For chose individuals
as .1 display near the aquariuin. who wish fo colicct thcir own .speci-
Proper filtracion is excremely import- mens. 1 rcfcr them to "How to Collcct
ant to the maintenance of a successful Manne Tropicals" by Joseph E, Turner
marine aquarium. Filtered correctly, a in the JuÍy, 1968, i.ssuc of s iN DIVER.
salcwacer aquarium can function'proper- Buying marine tropicals can bc a risky
ly for several years; improperly filtrat- and expensivc business, so it is best to
ed, a tank may not last several days, only purchase fish froin an established
Indispensable in the filtration of a and reputable dealer. Chcap fish are no
marine aquarium is a subsand filter. bargain as thcy arc usually sick and
The subsand filter. is a piece of perfor- will cithcr die quickiy or give disease
ated plastic that rests on the bottom to your other fish. There are many in-
of the aquarium. The sand is placed on expensive varieties with which the be-
top of che filter. It Ís equipped with ginner should start. Sergeant majors,
plastic stems through which air is beau gregories, Frcnch angclfish, three-
pumped, which Ín turn forces water up spot damsels, and three-striped damsels
through che scems and back into the are all .excellcnt for the beginner. It is
gcncral tank area. The wacer is drawn best to start out slowly and build up
down chrough the gravel where foreign an aquarium than to lose many ex-
matter and impurities are filtered out. pensivc fish because of ignorancc.
Here Ín the sand, bacceria develops and A marinc aquarium can be a fascinat-
renders che debris harmless. The sub- ing adventure. particularly to the skin
sand filtcr also prevencs various poison- divcr who already knows much about
ous gas from developing in the sand. the sea and wishcs to increasc his knowl-
While noc a necessicy, an outside fil- cdge about marine lifc. Thc abovc is
ter is rccommendcd for a marine aquar- but a bricf outline on starting a marine
ium. The outside filcer draws water out aquarium, and it is rccommended that
of the tank and through a p astic box one do furthcr rcading bcfore embark-
containing dacron and another filtcr ing upon a saltwater aquarium, There
medium such as activatcd carbon, and arc several books av.TÍlablc about salt-
then back into the aquarium. OutsÍdc watcr aquariums and also a good month-
filters are divided into two broad types: ly magazine. From past cxperience, I
those chac operace with an air pump would say that che formula for a suc-
using an air-IÍft principle, and those cessful marine aquarium is co read
which use a water pump to return the whac you can abouc thc hobby. talk to
water. Generally speaking, the water- friends and dealers who have had marine
pump cypes are more reliablc, pump fish, and blend this knowledge with
more wacer, and do a better overall job. your own cxpcricnces.
Activated carbon is the same filter me- Many pleasurable hours can be en-
dium that is used to purify the air which
joyed with a marine aquarium Even
astronauts breathe, and is currencly be-
when the weather prohibits diving you
ing used in many water systems to filter
can enjoy che ocean in your home.»si»

Reprinted from SKIN DIVER

for DOW CORNING CORPORATION Form No 41-093
'"^bdin U S A
 BuUd PM's
COFFEE-TABLE AQUARIUM
Designed and built by PM, this unique aquarium table is a one-of-a-
kind project that you can duplicate. And if you prefer a smaller
tank. weVe also included plans for a novel •living picture' aquarium
By LEONARD SABAL, Woritshop Editor
Photos by Roberi Borst Technical Art by Don Evans

FASCINATING AQUARIUM TABLE

îs full of optical surprises Íf every
other section is stocked — looking
from empty tank through a full
tonk lets you see the fish in the
tank dlrectly opposlte you. A l -
though all six tanks hold water,
this alfernating arrangement pro-
vides three compartments Ideal for
terroriums or displays. As shown,
table holds 25 fish, allows separa-
tion of different species.

The symmetrical design of the table,

however, is what makes the unit rela-
tively easy to construct. For this reason,
the six sides, dividers and inner sides of
white frosted glass can be cut to their r e -
spective sizes at the same time. In theory,
ail bottom panels should be identical, as
should the top pieces, but because wood-
working and glass-cutting tolerances can
vary quite easily, I strongly recommend
cutting these pieces to fit. Other pieces can
be of a bit since the design allows you to
compensate for marginal errors.
Actual constmction of the table will be
tackled in three stages. First, you'li a s -
semble the lower half of the base; that is,
the bottom two layers of p a r t i d e board

U NLESS YOU HAVE an understand-

ing boss, pass up thJs project—be-
cause for weeks after its completion,
The table is far less diíEcuIt to construct
than may appear at first glance. This is
due in part to three factors: the absence
and the lower ring of %x2%-in, strips of
walnut. Then you'll assemble the tank on
the top layer of particle board and attach
you're going to be late for work. of a reinforcing frame, use of a sealant this to the lower part of the base. Finally,
That's how difficult it is to tear your- that's also a bonding compound, and a to- after testing the tank, you'Il add the ta-
self away from the calm beauty of this tally symmetrical design. bletop frame, glass and well cover.
aquarium, And just to show you how Conventional aquariums are construct-
handsome the table really is, t u m to the ed of a slate bottom and glass sides, care- Detailed constniction »eqiienc«
next page while we pause. fully fitted in a stainless-steel frame, and Glue and nail together the pieces for
(PaiLse.) then sealed at all seams. the lower part of the base, then cut the
A new type of sealant, however, makes top layer of particle board to size ( r e -
As you've seen, the table is dividecl into member that 60° and 120° angles are used
six separate compartments, each of which it possible to bond glass directly to glass—
without the steel frame—to produce throughout). Rout the Vt^VA-in. grooves
is sealed and completely independent of to the pattera shown (use a circular saw
the others. The dry center well is also strong, clean and leakproof joints. Made
by Dow Coming, the nontoxic sealant is and jig if no router is available).
sealed and is an ideal location for the air
pump, regulating valves and light fixture. basically a silicone rubber compound Fit the dividers and outside glass panels
While the six sections can be used as available in black, white and clear, and is in the grooves md tape them together
separate aquariums, you can initially use called, fittingly enough, Sihcone Rubber temporarily. Press a panel of white frost-
three rompartments to stock a generous Aquarium Sealdnt. Because I wanted to ed glass between two dividers, clean the
number of tropícal fish and set up the oth- de-emphasize the joints, I chose the clear glass around this joint and seal the seams
ers as miniature gardens, terrariums or material ($1.95 for a tube the size oí a between the white panel and the dividers,
family-size tube of toothpaste. on the inside of the dry loeíl only. P r o p
even model and trophy display cases.
 BOTTOM V EWOF
W E a COVCR Made of %'* Ihick Mlnut DETAH. A
- ^ V'|-=-
Rout black ireas
withrbit.rdee(L
Rout shaded areas
Uler if necessary
for clearar e of
tubes. heaters, etc.

Chcck frame
opînings with
pattern before
cuttlngtop
gtass
pieces

Si(les(6J
K X 15 h. 17V' w.
I
I
Whiteglass(6)

DivHlers f6)
H X 15K h. / i
X 12S" w.

Bottoms
(6)
Check m
wilhbottom
pBttern of
hardboard
beforecuttíng
gtass bottoms

BASE DCTAILS
HxV' V' thiclc
molding j^glassskle
îí X » • 1 W w. X 15 h. particle board % x V' for
Mlnut Seatanl dlviders and sides.
V gtoss botk n (No grooves are needed Cutonetoftone
for white f rosted lancls) bottom pattern
H X tf' rattwt
of %" hardbcard.
Check fit and,
\t necessary,
V'perticle boanL cul additional
Æ Measured Irom flat patterns for
KXV 1" toflat,topis31V', glazierto
dado fínlshing middle Is m". (ollow
nails and bottom Is m"

the frosted panels so they will remain from divider to divider. Then remove the
tight against the dividers and allow the glass sides and place thé hardboard pat-
sealant to dry overnighL tem for the glass bottom Ín each section.
Measure and cut VtxVi-in. wood strips It should fit each opening within a ^e-in.
to fiill the grooves running inside the well margin. If the error is greater than He in.,
 Dt AILS OF WEU CONSTRUCTION
';,.
Measure and cut ^ x ' i " slrips to
fill grooves in center and keep
# ',' dlviders from moving Inward
1
Screw 3-outlet
receptacle lo botlom
1 •/•"
7 ' ' Run power cordfo
a fused outlet

Glass bottom
Layers ol
partícte board
TUBING AND POWER MTAII^
cut additional patterns for the glazier to
follow. 40-w. cool
When all bottom glass panels fit proper- while bulb
ly, remove them one at a time and make
certain that glass and board are free of Porcelain s kel screwed
wood chips, drops of sealant, and such. to bcMom of well cover
Anything sandwiched between the two Air to
can cause the glass to crack later. fíllers
Now seal the bottom panels in place,
beginning at an outer c o m e r and running
a continuous bead of sealant along the d i - A r lo
vider, frosted pane! and the opposite di- ornaments
vider. Then run another bead from the in- and aerators
ner comers up along the seam of the
frosted panel and the divider. Again, it's
important to thoroughly clean all areas to
WW^ . Glass encloscd,
thermostatically-
be sealed.
Reposition the six outside panels on the contr<^led water
f\ f\ fs fh f\^ heaters
grooved ayer of particle board and check
the corner ioints between the sides and
dividers before taping the sides securely
in place. Then seal all inside seavis b e -
tween dividers, sides and bottoms. The let it dry undisturbed at least 24 hours.
outer seams and comers are sealed a/ter You'U no doubt be in a h u r r y to fiU the
the tank is set on the lower part of the tank with water, but wait the fuU 24 hours
base. and then move the tank to a flat spot,
Let all sealed joints dry ovemight b e - such as a patio or garage, where a drain
fore carefully positioning the tank on the and hose are available. Slowly fUI each
base. Now cut and miter the top footing of section of the tank with 4 to 6 inches of
?4 X 2%-in. walnut so that it fits snugly water, adding only an inch or so to each
against the tank and overlaps the lower section before going on to the next sec-
part of the base the same all around. tíon. This procedure is important as it
distributes the pressure evenly among the
Glue and nail one section of the footing
tank sections.
in place, then slide the tank away and a p -
ply sealant to the bottom outside joint. Qiurd a aiiwt l«aks
Slíde the tank back up against the nailed
section. Now apply se<dant to the adjoín- T u m off the water and examine the
ing bottom seam, position the respective tanks for leaks. Mark any that are found
section of footing and nail this in place. with a grease pencil, drain the tank, cut
Continue in this manner until all six sides away the sealant around the leak and r e -
are surrounded by the footing and then seal. Allow this tank to dry thoroughly
before refíUing. If you were careful with
add the decorative curved molding to the
the initial sealing, however, you won't find
footing.
any leaks. J u s t remember that the trick
Now remove the tape from the sides is to press a continuous, unbroken head
(one section at a time), fíll the outside oí sealant from corner to corner.
corner with sealant, add a little extra After this initial test, continue to add
and press on the strip of matching walnut moro water until the tanks are f lled to
inolding. Then lirmly tape the strip tightly within an inch of thc top. Let the tanks
against the comer. rcmain under test and prepare the top
frame and well cover. Fit these on the ta-
Remove the tape from the next comer ble, chcck the top glass pattern in each
r\rsrsrsrs joint, seal the outside seams, press on the opening, and have the top pieces cut by a
walnut strip and retape. When all strips giazier. You can attach the frame to the
have been appUed, wrap two or three divtders with sealant, but the top panels
t u m s of tape around the entire tank and simply slip in and out of the frame for
 easy cleaning and access. Just be sure to
dowel the spokes of the top frame to the
outer membcrs. An alternative to increase
thc strength of the frame is to screw metal
HOW OPENING IS FRAMED IN WALL platcs underneath Ihe frame joints.
Thc pump used in the table is a quiet
vibrator model that wiU easily take care
of all six tanks, including ornaments. It's
available from Canal Electric, 310 Canal
St., New York. N.Y. for $17.95. Heaters.
filters and omaments are available at local
aquarium shops.
'Living plcture' aquarium
An entirely different lype of sealant Ís
used for this Plexiglas tank. Called MC-
25, it's a watery solvent that dries optical-
ly clear, yet is strong enough to eliminatc
Ihc need for a separate metal frame.
Thus, if you haven't a suitable wall with
a closet at thc rear, you can still build
such a tank into a see-through room di-
vidcr, bookcase or even a bar Just make
sure you havc access for fecding and
cleaning. ndustrial Plastics. 324 Canal St ,
New York. N.Y., supplies the Plexiglas
parts for this tank, cut to size, with 2 oz.
of MC-25 for $17.25, plus postage. * * *

VICW FROM a.OSEr SIDE

^ X /': X 1 7 V
'í X 4 X 7'-" S£CTION THROUGH WALL
br e AM jojnts
'Cemented 15 w. fluorescent
lamp
Piano ^'*^^
UVING hinge ^^
PÍCTURE V'plywwd
AQUARIUM

Uearance
Picture mal for air and
cemented to l lter tubing
. X 18 X 24" uce o(
TANK CONSTRtXn^lON **"''
H X 8 X 24"

2x6
f ••-'•i^:'^ 18 24" Bracket
pícture
frame
2x6bracket

Reprlnted b y D O W C O R N I N G C O R P O R A T I O N
Through Courfesy of
POPULAR M E C H A N I C S M A G A Z I N E
Copyright Aprll 1 9 6 8
Form No. n-i«3
Prlnted )n U.S.A.
 ^ o

\ iV \Q
aocation: Nailing Address:
First 6. ForGSt Aveniie The Dallas Aquarium
(Located on The State Fair Grounds) 3203 Junius Street
Dallas, Texas 75226 Dallas. Texas 75226

JBusiness Phone: Area Code 214 428-3587

Visiting Hours: Feeding Schedule:

'Monday thru Saturday 8 am - 5 pm Native Fresh Water Fish - 3 pm
Sunday and Holidays 1 pm - 5 pm Monday and Thursday
Closed: Dec. 24th and 25th only Tropical Fresh Water Fish
Free Admittance the year around (except 8:30 am Monday thru Friday
for 16 days in October during the Marine Fish 8:30 am Daily
State Falr of Texas)

The Dallas Aquarium opened to the publlc June 6, 1936, The marine addition
was built and opened May, 1964. Over 300 species of fish, mammal, reptiles
and amphibians are on display, and many more are held in reserve tanks. Ad-
ditional items are on display in cases located throughout the lohby, which
are changed when new material can be secured.

Display aquariums range in size from 15 gallon to 7,000 gallons. All fresh
water is supplled from our own well, located directly behind the Aquarium.
This water is used once and then channeled to the Lagoon across from the
Dallas Aquarium. The marine fish are kept in synthetic marine water, and is
mixed In 5,000 gallon lots In the marine section.

The cold water section (fresh water) consists of four (4) display aquariums;
this water is on a closed system; recirculated and filtered, and supplies
the display and reserve tanks with a constant 50* temperature, controlled
by mechanlcal refrigeration.

The Junior League provides Docents which are avallable during the school
months to give gulded tours thru the Dallas Aquarium. Tour arrangements
must be made in advance.

The Dallas Aquarlum 8/75

 Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners

Charles B. Wheeler. Jr, Mayor

Richard L. Marr, President
Jeremiah Cameron, Commissioner
Carl Migliazzo, Commissioner

Frank Vaydik, Director

City of Kansas City, Missouri 5605 East 63rd Street
Heart of Ameríca Kansas City, Missouri 64130 816-921-1212

July 9, 1975

Mr. Edward N. Lewis, III

4004 21st St.
Lubbock, Texas 79410

Mr. Lewis:
The project you described in your letter of 14 June 1975 sounds
interesting and certainly a worthwhile project. It would seem
to be a rather monumental undertaking and its consignment to two
semesters is probably warranted. Technically speaking, we do not
have any of the facilities you mentioned in our system; therefore,
we would only be offering you opinions about their operation not
based on actual experience.

In view of this, we would recommend your researching past issues

of various architectural, botanical and related periodicals. For
example: The Architectural Forum, Architectural Plus, AIA Journal.
Progressive Architecture and perhaps others. We feel this would
be your best resource and we presume you will be able to find suffi-
cient information to assist you, ^,^-,

Yours /tru'ly,.' / /

Frank Vaydik, D,1reítor

^^"— Parks and Recreatlon
/•

FV;jm /
W

dU
JOHN G. SHEDD AQUARIUM
1200 SOUTH LAKESHORE DRIVE CHICAGO ILLINOIS 60605
312-939-2426

WILLIAMP. 8RAKER DIRECTOR

November 20, 1975

Mr. Ed Lewis
4005 21st Street
Lubbock, TX 79407

Dear Mr. Lewis:

Your project regarding an aquarium for Lubbock is an intriguing

one. As you probably know from having conversed with Mr. Jeff
Moore, the amount of printed inforraation pertaining to foods, medica-
tion, quarantive raethods, and aquarium design is extremely limited
and scattered araong various sources.

I'm afraid that in order to offer any meaningful suggestions

via letter, dozens of pages would be needed. Unfortunately, the
information you seek is not available in a single printed source;
though the nternational Zoo Yearbook (published by the Zoological
Society of London. Many yearly volumns published to date.) should
provide a great deal of help. Your most fruitful course of action
would be to contact as many aquariums as possible and glean informa-
tion from staff members.

If you are planning to visit Chicago, I would be willing to

offer as much time as is needed to discuss the variety of topics
you refer to in your letter. We wish you the best of luck with
your thesis.

Sincerely,

(^>cyt^

Roger Klocek
Assistant Curator of Fishes

RK/ck

n
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Axelrod, Herbert R., Exotic ropical Fishes. New Yorlc,

Sterling, 1962.

Gotton, W, Harold, Aquaria and &arden Pools, London,

A & C Black, Ltd., 1935.

Innes, William T., Exotic Aquarinin Fishes. Maywood, New

Jersey, U.S.A., Metaframe Gorporation Division of
Mattel, I n c , 1966.

í
^

DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

Generally, this design fonowed the intended use of the program. However,

a few deviations occur in order to provide a plan which would help achîeve

the Íntent of the program.

tt was decided that the mechanical equipment should be in the same proximity

as the laboratory, storage, tank equipment, etc. This would allow for faster

repairs Ín case of any malfunctions.

The backup water is used in the aquarium for visual and audîo sensations as

wel 1 as for its specific use as continually filtered and continuaily

aerated water.

BUILDING CODES

This facility Ís classified as a group B-3 occupancy and the scope of the plan

requires construction to be type V. The minimum f i re protection is one hour.

il l
HANDICAPPED PROVISIONS

In addition to the ramps shown on the plan, a number of fîxtures are capable

of meeting the needs of a handicapped person. Wall hung water closets at

wheelchair he ght, grab bars, and lavs are included. Other general Ítems such

as low fountains are also used.

SITEWORK

The northeastern portion of the site, î.e., that part on the north north-east

border of the Bicentennial Trail which runs through the site, was eliminated

since there is already a great deal of activity Ín that area. This left a

large area still available. The síting of the aquarium cuts up very little of

\w
the sîte wîth roads and parking, and gives views up, down, and across

Lake #2.

ROOF

The roof structure of the aquarium is a synthetic fabric made by Heîios, Inc,

and had widespread use at the Osake Worlds Fair. The fabric is draped

over prestressed steel cables and Ís connected at the centre columns, the

exterior walls, and at concrete deadmen on the exterior. The cables carry

the loads to the ground.

SUPPORTS

The centre columns are 12 WF embedded in a f reproofing masonry and covered

with fire retardant wood. Their perimeter columns are heavy timber as are

the exterior waî1s.

FLOORS

The floor slab over the fish displays is a reinforced concrete joist and

pan system with reinforced concrete beams and columns. All other floors

are on grade.

WALLS

The above grade walls are of heavy timber and of reinforced concrete in the

sub-surface area. Bathroom partitions are gyp board on metal studs.

FINISHES

Brick pavers are used in the aquarium to designate paths while A" x 8" x 8'0'

fire retardant wood is used around all grade level exhibits. Below grade,

brick pavers are used exclusively throughout the public areas. The private

-2-
 areas have floors of concrete with a sealer. The laboratory has a floor

of vinyl asbestos tile. All bathroom floors are unglazed ceramic tile. The

diagonal wood used in the office areas is fîre retardant. Walls in the

mechanical and research areas are painted concrete masonry.

LIGHTING

The lighting fixtures Ín the work areas and above the fish displays are 2' x 4'

lay-in troffers. The Gallery and Lecture Area is Iighted by hangtng globe

1ights 18" Ín diameter and suspended from the roof. The above-grade leveî

lighting Ís by 12" clear globes on poles. Work areas are 1 ighted at 150

foot candles and other areas at 80 90 foot candles,

MECHANICAL

The cold water displays are provided continually cool, continually circulated

water by the chiller which is located in the mechanical area. The warmer

temperatured displays are heated by individuals heaters in the underground

tanks and by a large water heater circulator for the above-grade displays.

The office areas and work areas are heated by radiant heating from pipes

beneath the brick pavers and carry the warm water to the displays. The

temperatures are controlled by a pneumatic type thermostate. The elevator

is a 3000 Ib. capacity, 100 FPM hydraulic type.

Three pumps are located Ín the mechanical room which do not directly concern

the tanks. Two are sump pumps, one of which serves the sanitary sewer and

another serves storm and floor drains. The third pump is used to pump the

old water out of the tanks Ínto the tank trucks from Green Light.

ELECTRICAL

Power is provided by two 250 K.V. transformers located in the mechanical area.

-3-

L
Emergency lighting is 100 K.V. generated by a gasoline turbine engine activated

by two 12 volt D.C. dry storage batteries.

FIRE

Fíre protection is provided by fire hoses of I50 feet which are spaced to

reach any point within the building. Similar fîre risers are located around

the perimeter of the buiîding.

-k-