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L3 - Mathematical Representation of Data 2

This document is a lecture on measures of dispersion presented by Assistant Professor Dr. Batool Ali Ghalib Yassin at the University of Baghdad College of Medicine on September 20, 2023. The lecture discusses various measures of dispersion including the range, variance, standard deviation, standard error, and coefficient of variation. It explains how to calculate each measure and describes their characteristics and appropriate uses for analyzing the spread of data.

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46 views13 pages

L3 - Mathematical Representation of Data 2

This document is a lecture on measures of dispersion presented by Assistant Professor Dr. Batool Ali Ghalib Yassin at the University of Baghdad College of Medicine on September 20, 2023. The lecture discusses various measures of dispersion including the range, variance, standard deviation, standard error, and coefficient of variation. It explains how to calculate each measure and describes their characteristics and appropriate uses for analyzing the spread of data.

Uploaded by

youservezeropurpose113
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Baghdad

College of Medicine
2023-2024

Title: Mathematical Presentation of Data - Part 2

Grade: Third
Module: Research Methodology
Speaker: Assistant Professor Dr. Batool Ali Ghalib Yassin
Date: 20/9/2023
-
Learning objectives University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

At the end of this lecture you should be


able to:
 List the measures of dispersion, describe
their characteristics and identify their
uses

 Explain the steps for calculating


measures of dispersion and calculate the
range, standard error and coefficient of
variation
Measures of Dispersion University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

 As
well as measures of central tendency we need
measures of how variable the data are.

 Dispersion is a key concept in statistical thinking.

 The basic question being asked is how much do


the scores deviate around the Mean?
Measures of Dispersion are: University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

 The range
 The Variance
 Standard Deviation
 Standard Error
 Coefficient of Variation
Measures of Dispersion; The Range
University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

 The range is an important measurement

Range However, they do not give


much indication of the
spread of observations
Highest Lowest
Value Value
about the mean

 Simple to calculate
 Easy to understand
 It neglect all values in the center and depend on the extreme
value, extreme value are dependent on sample size
 It is not based on all observations
 It is not amenable for further mathematic treatment
 should be used in conjunction with other measures of variability
Variance: University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

The mean sum of squares of the deviation from the


mean.
e.g. if the data is: 1,2,3,4,5.
The mean for these data=3
the difference of each value in the set from the mean:
1-3= -2
2-3= -1
3-3= 0
4-3= 1
5-3= 2
 The summation of the differences =zero
 Summation of square of the differences is not zero
The Variance University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

Variance can never be


a negative value

All observations are


considered

Another formula for the variance The problem with the


variance is the squared
unit
University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

The standard deviation is the square root


of the variance

 The standard deviation measured the variability


between observations in the sample or the population
from the mean of that sample or that population.

 The unit is not squared

 SD is the most widely used measure of dispersion


University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

Standard Deviation SD

7 7 7 8 3
7 77 2
7 77
6 7 8 13
7 9

SD=0 SD=0.63
SD=4.04
The mean
of each
group is 7
University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

Standard Error of the mean (SE)

 It measures the variability or dispersion of the


sample mean from population mean

 It is used to estimate the population mean, and to


estimate differences between populations means

 SE=SD/√ n
Coefficient of variation (CV): University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

 It expresses the SD as a percentage of the mean


 CV= (S /mean) x 100 (mean of the sample)
 It answers the question: how big is the SD of the
distribution relative to the mean of the
distribution?
 It has no unit
 It is used to compare dispersion in two sets of
data especially when the units are different
 It measures relative rather than absolute
variation
 It takes in consideration all values in the set
University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

To summarize

Measures of Dispersion are:


 The range
 The Variance
 Standard Deviation
 Standard Error
 Coefficient of Variation
University of Baghdad/ College of Medicine 2022-2023

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