DLP l05 Hinduism Avellana

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Name: Wayne Chrysler B. Avellana Grade/Strand/Section: 12 HUMSS 5 Date: _11_ / _28_ /_2023_
Teacher: Ervin V. Gabriz Class Session/Hours: ____ / _____ to _____
Subject: Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems

Topic: Hinduism
References: Curriculum Guide and Module
Type of Activity: Concept Notes and Exercises
Activity No: 6 (1st Grading)
Objective:
1. Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related issues of
Hinduism.
CONCEPT NOTES
HINDUISM
- A religious tradition of Indian origin, encompassing the beliefs and practices of Hindus.
- The word Hindu taken from the name of the river Sindhu or Indus.
“Hindus themselves favour to use the Sanskrit term ‘sanatana dharma’ for their religious tradition. Often
translated into English as “eternal tradition” or “eternal religion” but the translation of dharma as
“tradition” or “ religion” gives an extremely limited, even mistaken, sense of the word” (Sharma, 2009)
Elements of Hinduism
A. Aryans (1500 B.C)

- A word means “noble”
- They represented a significant moment in the history of Hinduism
- Their conquest of northwest of the Indian subcontinent. Their priestly caste, the Brahmans, was
responsible for the sacrificial rites.
B. Sacred Texts :Vedas, Upanishads and Bhagavad-Gita

- Veda (Sanskrit means knowledge) a symbol of unchallenged authority and tradition.
- Vedas (books of knowledge) is a collection of texts written in Sanskrit from about 1200 BCE to 100
CE, considered as the absolute authority for religious knowledge and a test of Hindu orthodoxy,
compiled by Vyasa Krishna Dwaipayana around the time of Lord Krishna (c. 1500 BC)
*Vedas four collection of mantra
1. Rig Veda – Wisdom of the Verses
2. Sama Veda – Wisdom of the Chants
3. Yajur Veda – Wisdom of the Sacrificial Formulas
4. Atharva Veda – Wisdom of the Atharvan Priests
Three types of supplementary literature (attached to Samhitas)

● Brahmanas (discussion of the ritual) – prose commentaries and are concerned primarily wit h
the details and the interpretation of the sacrificial liturgy
● Aranyakas – (books studied in the forest) – developed and written by Brahman sages in forests
because it was held that a suitable understanding of them could be realized only in seclusion.
● Upanishads (philosophical writings) – constitute the core of Indian philosophy. The
collections of writings where all the essential teachings that are fundamental to Hinduism
⮚ Concepts of karma (action)
⮚ Samsara (reincarnation)
⮚ Moksha (nirvana)
⮚ Atman (soul)
⮚ Brahman (Absolute Almighty)
- Bhagavad-Gita often referred to as simply the Gita, refers to a Hindu scripture written about 2000
years ago. It is a 700-verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata.
For Hindus, Gita is a source of wisdom and the truth.
C. Doctrines
“Purusharthas” (goals of human life)
1. Kama (pleasure) – involves the pleasure of the senses both aesthetic (refined artistic) pleasures
and sensual or sexual pleasure
2. Artha (wealth) – encompasses the search for material well-being, prosperity and power.
3. Dharma (duty) – includes man’s endeavouring for righteousness and virtue.
4. Moksha (liberation) – depicts man’s desire for liberation from the chain of lives.
Brahman – pertains to the impersonal principle and first cause of the universe.
Atman – a term used for the breath or the soul and principle of life.
The Personified Forms of Brahman

● Brahma – relates to the creative spirit from which the universe originates.
● Vishnu or Shiva
a. Krishna – a renowned avatar of Vishnu appears to save the world
b. Rama – another familiar avatar of Vishnu the subject of the Hindu epic Ramayana
10 Foremost Avatars of Vishnu

1. Fish (matsya) 6. Parashurama
2. Tortoise (kurma) 7. Ideal Person (Rama of the Ramayana)
3. Boar (varaha) 8. All-attractive person (Krishna)
4. Man Lion (narasimha) 9. The Enlightened (Buddha)
5. Dwarf (vamana) 10. Future Incarnation (kalki)
The Four Yogas

1. Karma-yoga, the yoga of selfless action or work
2. Bhakti-yoga, the yoga of devotion and love
3. Raja-yoga, the yoga of psychological exercise
4. Jnana-yoga, the yoga of knowledge
D. Gods: 333 Million Gods and Goddesses

E. Issues:
*Gender Inequality – women are seen as dependent minors who needed to be controlled by men in
order to succeed
*Poverty – influenced by the predominant social values and caste system.
*Caste System (illustrated through a pyramid)
1. Brahmin – composed of priests, teachers and wise men
2. Kshatriya – warriors, rulers and leaders (lower than of Brahmin)
3. Vaishya – farmers, artisans, traders, merchants and whose work involve agriculture and commerce
4. Sudra - servants, laborers and farm hands or those doing manual labor service.
Guide Questions:
1. How Hinduism began?

- Hinduism's origins are complex and evolved over thousands of years, blending cultural, religious,
and philosophical elements that emerged in ancient India.
2. What are the role of the Aryans in Hinduism belief?
- The Aryans played a significant role in shaping Hinduism through the composition of the Vedas,
sacred texts that form the foundation of religious and philosophical thought in the Hindu tradition.
3. What are the four major scriptures of Vedas?
-The four major scriptures of the Vedas are the Rig veda, Sama veda, Yajur veda, and Atharva veda
4. What are the names of the major Hindu deities as well as their corresponding functions or power?
-Major Hindu deities include Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the preserver; and Shiva, the destroyer
5. What are the Hindu yogas?
-The Hindu yogas are Karma-yoga, Bhakti-yoga, Raja-yoga, and Jnana yoga.
Activity/Exercise:
Simulate a particular yoga and write a reflection paper on your insights on Hinduism.
In navigating life's duties, approach tasks with a genuine intent to contribute positively, focusing on the
journey rather than fixating on specific outcomes. Embrace a mindset of selfless service, cherishing the
present moment, and find fulfillment in sharing knowledge and skills generously with others, embodying the
essence of Karma-yoga. Hinduism's kaleidoscope of gods revealed a range of divine incarnations, which
opened my eyes and made me appreciate the beauty of spiritual plurality. Each god seemed to represent the
many aspects of the human experience with its own traits, and in that contemplation, I discovered a
celebration of our shared humanity.
The idea of samsara, which represents the cyclical dance of creation, preservation, and disintegration,
mirrored the beat of life's endless flow. It got me thinking about how circular my own life is and helped me to
view starts and ends as interwoven threads rather than discrete points in a bigger story.

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Neatness: 2

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Completeness: 3

Subject: Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems

A. Aryans (1500 B.C)

B. Sacred Texts :Vedas, Upanishads and Bhagavad-Gita

Three types of supplementary literature (attached to Samhitas)

⮚ Brahman (Absolute Almighty)

The Personified Forms of Brahman

10 Foremost Avatars of Vishnu

The Four Yogas

D. Gods: 333 Million Gods and Goddesses

1. How Hinduism began?

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