Pt.

L R Group of Institutions
Faridabad Delhi NCR

A Summer Training Report

On

Python and it’s Libraries

Done By- Priyanshi Tyagi submitted to -

(BCA/2k21/41)
 REPORT CONTENT

• Introduction of Industry
• History of Python
• Why Python?
• Characteristics of Python
• Data Structures in Python
• File Handling in Python
• Use of Numpy
• Use of Matplotlib
• Use of Pandas
• Use of OpenCV
• Conclusion
Introduction of Industry

IQRA Software Technologies, is a premier institute which provides IT and software skills training in
Scientific & Engineering field with best quality at lower costs. We are one of the fastest growing software
solution, technical consultancy and knowledge outsourcing company situated in India with offices at
Bangalore, Kanpur and Lucknow.

Mission

IQRA Software is committedto its role in technical training individuals or corporate in areas of Speech
Compression, Image Processing, Control System, Wireless LAN, VHDL, Verilog, MATLAB (SciLab), DSP
TMS320C67xx, Java, Microsoft.Net, Software Quality Testing, SDLC & Implementation, Project
Management, Manual Testing, Silk Test, Mercury Test, QTP, Test Director for Quality Center.

Vision

DSP, VLSI, Embedded and Software testing are one of the fastest growing areas in IT across the globe.
Our vision is to create a platform, where trainees/students are able to learn different features of
technologies to secure a better position in IT industry or to improve their careers.
 History of Python

Python was developed in 1980 by Guido van Rossum at the National Research Institute for Mathematics
and Computer Science in the Netherlands as a successor of ABC language capable of exception handling
and interfacing. Python features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management. It
supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional and
procedural, and has a large and comprehensive standard library.

Van Rossum picked the name Python for the new language from a TV show, Monty Python’s Flying
Circus.

In December 1989 the creator developed the 1st python interpreter as a hobby and then on 16 October
2000, Python 2.0 was released with many new features.

...In December 1989, I was looking for a “hobby” programming project that would keep me occupied
during the week around Christmas. My office… would be closed, but I had a home computer, and not
much else on my hands. I decided to write an interpreter for the new scripting language I had been
thinking about lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal to Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a
working title for the project, being in a slightly irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty Python’s Flying
Circus)

- Guido van Rossum

Python Releases

1. Python 1.0-January 1994

2. Python 1.5-December 31, 1997
3. Python 1.6 September 5, 2000
4. Python 2.0-October 16, 2000
5. Python 2.1- April 17, 2001
6. Python 2.2-December 21, 2001
7. Python 2.3-July 29, 2003
8. Python 2.4 November 30, 2004
9. Python 2.5 September 19, 2006
10. Python 2.6-October 1, 2008
11. Python 2.7-July 3, 2010
12. Python 3.0 December 3, 2008
13. Python 3.1 – June 27, 2009
14. Python 3.2-February 20, 2011
15. Python 3.3-September 29, 2012
16. Python 3.4- March 16, 2014
17. Python 3.5-September 13, 2015
18. Python 3.6 December 23, 2016
 Why Python ?

The language’s core philosophy is summarized in the document The Zen of Python (PEP 20),
which includes aphorisms such as….
Beautiful is better than ugly
Simple is better than complex
Complex is better than complicated
Readability counts
Explicit is better than implicit

A simple Program to print “Hello World”

• Java Code

Public class HelloWorld

Public static void main(String args[])

System.out.println (“Hello World!”)

• Python Code

Prints (“Hello World!”)

Characteristics of Python

Interpreted Language: Python is processed at runtime by Python Interpreter

• Easy to read: Python source-code is clearly defined and visible to the eyes.
• Portable: Python codes can be run on a wide variety of hardware platforms. Having the same
interface.
• Extendable: Users can add low level-modules to Python interpreter.
• Scalable: Python provides an improved structure for supporting large programs than shell-
scripts.
• Object-Oriented Language: It supports object-oriented features and techniques of programming.
Data Structures in Python

LISTS-

• Ordered collection of data.

• Supports similar slicing and indexing functionalities as in the case of Strings.
• They are mutable.
• Advantage of a list over a conventional array
• Lists have no size or type constraints (no setting restrictions Beforehand).
• They can contain different object types,
• We can delete elements from a list by using Del list_name[index_val]

Example-

• My_list = [‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’,4,5)

• Len(my list) would output 5.

Dictionary-

• Lists are sequences but the dictionaries are mappings.

• They are mappings between a unique key and a value pair.
• These mappings may not retain order.
• Constructing a dictionary.
• Accessing object from a dictionary.
• Nesting Dictionaries.
• Basic Dictionary Methods.

Basic Syntax

• d=() empty dictionary will be generated and assign keys and values to
• It, like d[‘animal’] = ‘Dog’
• d= (‘K1’:’V1’, ‘K2’:”V2’)
• d[‘K1’] outputs ‘V1’

Tuples-

• Immutable in nature, i.e they cannot be changed.

• No type restriction
• Indexing and slicing, everything’s same like that in strings and lists.
• Constructing tuples.
• Basic tuple methods..
 • Immutability.
• When to use tuples?
• We can use tuples to present things that shouldn’t change, such as days of the week, or dates on
a calendar, etc.

Sets-

• A set contains unique and unordered elements and we can construct them by using a set()
function.
• Convert a list into Set-
• 1=[1,2,3,4,1,1,2,3,6,7]
• K = set(1)
• K becomes (1,2,3,4,6,7)
• Basic Syntax-
• X=set()
• x.add(1)
• x = (1)
• x.add(1)
• This would make no change in x now
File Handling in Python-

Python too supports file handling and allows users to handle files i.e., to read and write files,
along with many other file handling options, to operate on files. The concept of file handling has
stretched over various other languages, but the implementation is either complicated or lengthy,
but alike other concepts of Python, this concept here is also easy and short. Python treats file
differently as text or binary and this is important. Each line of code includes a sequence of
characters and they form text file. Each line of a file is terminated with a special character, called
the EOL or End of Line characters like comma (,) or newline character. It ends the current line
and tells the interpreter a new one has begun. Let’s start with Reading and Writing files.

We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write mode. As explained above,
open () will return a file object. To return a file object we use open () function along with two
arguments, that accepts file name and the mode, whether to read or write. So, the syntax being:
open(filename, mode). There are three kinds of mode, that Python provides and how files can
be opened:

• “r”, for reading.

• “w”, for writing.
• “a”, for appending.
• “r+”, for both reading and writing

Ex-It is a notepad file (101.txt)

Code in python
Use of Numpy-

NumPy is a Python package. It stands for ‘Numerical Python’. It is a library consisting of multidimensional
array objects and a collection of routines for processing of array.

Numeric, the ancestor of NumPy, was developed by Jim Hugunin. Another package Numarray was also
developed, having some additional functionalities. In 2005, Travis Oliphant created NumPy package by
incorporating the features of Numarray into Numeric package. There are many contributors to this open
source project.

Operations using NumPy

Using NumPy, a developer can perform the following operations

Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.

Fourier transforms and routines for shape manipulation.

Operations related to linear algebra. NumPy has in-built functions for linear algebra and random number
generation.

Simple program to create a matrix-

First of all we import numpy package then using this we take input in numpy function as a list then we
create a matrix

There is many more function can be perform by using this like that take sin value of the given value,print
a zero matrix etc. we also take any image in the form of array.
Use of Matplotlib-

Use of Matplotlib-

Matplotlib is a library for making 20 plots of arrays in Python. Although it has its origins in emulating the
MATLAB graphics commands, it is independent of MATLAB, and can be used in a Pythonic, object
oriented way. Although Matplotlib is written primarily in pure Python, it makes heavy use of NumPy and
other extension code to provide good performance even for large arrays.

Matplotlib is designed with the philosophy that you should be able to create simple plots with just a few
commands, or just one! If you want to see a histogram of your data, you shouldn’t need to instantiate
objects, call methods, set properties, and so on; it should just work.
These are the some example of matplotlib…Matplotlib is a library for making 20 plots of arrays in P
Use of Pandas-

Pandas is an open-source, BSD-licensed Python library providing high- performance, easy-to-use data
structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language. Python with Pandas is used in a
wide range of fields including academic and commercial domains including finance, economics,
Statistics, analytics, etc.

Pandas is an open-source Python Library providing high-performance data manipulation and analysistool
using its powerful data structures. The name Pandas is derived from the word Panel Data – an
Econometrics from Multidimensional data.

• Key Features of Pandas-Fast and efficient DataFrame object with default and customized
indexing.
• Tools for loading data into in-memory data objects from different file formats.
• Data alignment and integrated handling of missing data
• Reshaping and pivoting of date sets.
• Label-based slicing, indexing and subsetting of large data sets.
• Columns from a data structure can be deleted or inserted.
• Group by data for aggregation and transformations.

Pandas deals with the following three data structures –

• Series
• DataFrame
• Panel

These data structures are built on top of Numpy array, which means they are fast.
Use of OpenCV-

OpenCV was started at Intel in 1999 by Gary Bradsky and the first release came out in 2000. Vadim
Pisarevsky joined Gary Bradsky to manage Intel’s Russian software OpenCV team. In 2005, OpenCV was
used on Stanley, the vehicle who won 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. Later its active development
continued under the support of Willow Garage, with Gary Bradsky and Vadim Pisarevsky leading the
project. Right now, OpenCV supports a lot of algorithms related to Computer Vision and Machine
Learning and it is expanding day-by-day.

Below is the list of contributors who submitted tutorials to OpenCV-Python.

-Alexander Mordvintsev (GSoC-2013 mentor)

-Abid Rahman K. (GSoC-2013 intern)

Use the function-

Cv2.imread() to read an image. The image should be in the working directory or a full path of image
should be given.

Second argument is a flag which specifies the way image should be read.

Cv2.IMREAD_COLOR: Loads a color image. Any transparency of image will be neglected. It is the default
flag.

Cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE: Loads image in grayscale mode

Cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED: Loads image as such including alpha channel

Use the function cv2.imshow() to display an image in a window. The window automatically fits to the
image size.
Conclusion-

I believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and desirable to use Python as the
principal teaching language:

It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to take their interest further. For many the
hurdle of installing a Pascal or C compiler on a Windows machine is either too expensive or too
complicated;

It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional procedural programming and modern OOP.

It can be used to teach a large number of transferable skills.

It is a real-world programming language that can be and is used in academia and the commercial world.
It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its many libraries, this offers the possibility of
more rapid student development allowing the course to be made more challenging and varied.

And most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased understanding and enjoyment for students.

The training program having three destination was a lot more useful than staying at one place
throughout the whole 4 weeks. In my opinion. I have gained lots of knowledge and experience needed to
be successful in great engineering challenge as in my opinion, Engineering is after all a Challenge, and
not a job